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Akçam, Taner. 2004. From Empire to Republic: Turkish Nationalism and the Armenian Genocide. Zed Books.
Akçam, Taner. 2007. A Shameful Act: The Armenian Genocide and the Question of Turkish Responsibility. Constable.
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Aksakal, Mustafa. 2008. The Ottoman Road to War in 1914: The Ottoman Empire and the First World War. Cambridge University Press. Electronic resource. https://royalholloway.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Holloway&isbn=9780511461996&uid=^u.
Aksan, Virginia H. 2007. Ottoman Wars 1700-1870: An Empire Besieged. Longman/Pearson.
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Algar, Hamid. 1969. Religion and State in Iran, 1785-1906: The Role of the Ulama in the Qajar Period. University of California Press.
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Al-Rasheed, Madawi. 2010. A History of Saudi Arabia. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press. Electronic resource. https://royalholloway.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Holloway&isbn=9781107253513&uid=^u.
Amanat, Abbas. 1997. Pivot of the Universe: Nasir Al-Din Shah Qajar and the Iranian Monarchy, 1831-1896. Tauris.
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Amin, Camron Michael, Benjamin C. Fortna, and Elizabeth Brown Frierson. 2006b. The Modern Middle East: A Sourcebook for History. Oxford University Press. Electronic resource. http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780191514647.
Amin, Qasim. 2000. The Liberation of Women: And, the New Woman : Two Documents in the History of Egyptian Feminism. American University in Cairo Press.
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Anderson, M. S. 1968. The Eastern Question, 1774-1923: A Study in International Relations. Repr. (corr.). Macmillan.
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Arié, Gabriel, Esther Benbassa, and Aron Rodrigue. 1998a. A Sephardi Life in Southeastern Europe: The Autobiography and Journal of Gabriel Arié, 1863-1939. University of Washington Press.
Arié, Gabriel, Esther Benbassa, and Aron Rodrigue. 1998b. A Sephardi Life in Southeastern Europe: The Autobiography and Journal of Gabriel Arié, 1863-1939. University of Washington Press.
Arsan, Andrew. 2014. Interlopers of Empire: The Lebanese Diaspora in Colonial French West Africa. Oxford University Press.
Atabaki, Touraj, and Erik Jan Zürcher. 2017. Men of Order: Authoritarian Modernization Under Atatürk and Reza Shah. I.B. Tauris.
Atatürk, Kemal. 2008. The Great Speech. Second edition. Ataturk Research Center.
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Badawī, Muḥammad Muṣṭafá. 1992. Modern Arabic Literature. Cambridge University Press.
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Badran, Margot. 1995a. Feminists, Islam, and Nation: Gender and the Making of Modern Egypt. Princeton University Press.
Badran, Margot. 1995b. Feminists, Islam, and Nation: Gender and the Making of Modern Egypt. Princeton University Press. Electronic resource. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.04679.
Balakian, Grigoris. 2010. ‘From Yozgat to Boghazliyan: The Skulls / The Confessions of a Slayer Captain / Encountering Another Caravan of the Condemned’. In Armenian Golgotha. Vintage Books.
Balakian, Grigoris, and Peter Balakian. 2010. Armenian Golgotha: A Memoir of the Armenian Genocide, 1915-1918. Random House USA Inc.
Banean, Garnik. 2015. Goodbye, Antoura: A Memoir of the Armenian Genocide. Stanford University Press.
Barak, On. 2013. On Time: Technology and Temporality in Modern Egypt. University of California Press.
Barkey, Karen. 2008. Empire of Difference: The Ottomans in Comparative Perspective. Cambridge University Press.
Baron, Beth. 1994. The Women’s Awakening in Egypt: Culture, Society, and the Press. Yale University Press.
Barr, James. 2013. A Line in the Sand: The Anglo-French Struggle for the Middle East, 1914-1948. W.W. Norton & Company.
Basaran, Betul. 2014. Selim III, Social Control and Policing in Istanbul at the End of the Eighteenth Century: Between Crisis and Order. The Ottoman Empire and its Heritage: politics, Society and Economy. Brill. Electronic resource. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=1744670.
Bashkin, Orit. 2010. The Other Iraq: Pluralism and Culture in Hashemite Iraq. Stanford University Press.
Bashkin, Orit. 2012. New Babylonians: A History of Jews in Modern Iraq. Stanford University Press.
Batatu, Hanna. 1978. The Old Social Classes and the Revolutionary Movements of Iraq: A Study of Iraq’s Old Landed and Commercial Classes and of Its Communists, Ba’thists, and Free Officers. Princeton University Press.
Baykal, Erol A. F. 2019. The Ottoman Press (1908-1923). Volume 67. Brill.
Beaton, Roderick. 2019. Greece: Biography of a Modern Nation. Allen Lane.
Behar, Moshe, and Zvi Ben-Dor Benite, eds. 2013. Modern Middle Eastern Jewish Thought: Writings on Identity, Politics, and Culture, 1893-1958. Brandeis University Press.
Beinin, Joel. 1998. The Dispersion of Egyptian Jewry: Culture, Politics, and the Formation of the Modern Diaspora. Vol. 11. University of California Press. Electronic resource. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft2290045n/.
Berberian, Houri. 2019. Roving Revolutionaries: Armenians and the Connected Revolutions in the Russian, Iranian, and Ottoman Worlds. University of California Press.
Berkes, Niyazi. 1998. The Development of Secularism in Turkey. Routledge.
Booth, Marilyn. 2001. May Her Likes Be Multiplied: Biography and Gender Politics in Egypt. University of California Press. Electronic resource. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.04418.
Booth, Marilyn. 2015a. Classes of Ladies of Cloistered Spaces: Writing Feminist History Through Biography in Fin De Siècle Egypt. Electronic book. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=4462437.
Booth, Marilyn. 2015b. Classes of Ladies of Cloistered Spaces: Writing Feminist History Through Biography in Fin-De-Siècle Egypt. Edinburgh University Press.
Boskovic, Vladimir D. 2018. Jelena Dimitrijevic: Letters From Salonika. Vol. 3. Gorgias Press.
Boyar, Ebru, and Kate Fleet. 2010. A Social History of Ottoman Istanbul. Cambridge University Press.
Byzantios, Skarlatos. 2019a. Constantinople - Volume I. İstos Yayincilik.
Byzantios, Skarlatos. 2019b. Constantinople - Volume I. İstos Yayincilik.
Can, Lâle. 2020. Spiritual Subjects: Central Asian Pilgrims and the Ottoman Hajj at the End of Empire. Stanford University Press.
Çelik, Zeynep. 1997. Urban Forms and Colonial Confrontations: Algiers Under French Rule. University of California Press. Electronic resource. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft8c6009jk/.
Chatty, Dawn. 2017a. Syria: The Making and Unmaking of a Refuge State. Hurst & Company.
Chatty, Dawn. 2017b. Syria: The Making and Unmaking of a Refuge State. Hurst & Company.
Clancy-Smith, Julia Ann. 2012. Mediterraneans: North Africa and Europe in an Age of Migration, C. 1800-1900. Vol. 15. University of California Press.
Cleveland, William L., and Martin P. Bunton. 2016. A History of the Modern Middle East. Sixth edition. Westview Press.
Clogg, Richard. 1976. The Movement for Greek Independence, 1770-1821: A Collection of Documents. Barnes & Noble.
Cohen, Julia Phillips. 2012. ‘Between Civic and Islamic Ottomanism: Jewish Imperial Citizenship in the Hamidian Era’. International Journal of Middle East Studies 44 (2): 237–55. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020743812000037.
Cohen, Julia Phillips. 2014. Becoming Ottomans: Sephardi Jews and Imperial Citizenship in the Modern Era. Oxford University Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199340408.001.0001.
Cohen, Julia Phillips. 2017. Becoming Ottomans: Sephardi Jews and Imperial Citizenship in the Modern Era. Oxford University Press paperback. Oxford University Press.
Cooke, Miriam. 2010. Nazira Zeineddine: A Pioneer of Islamic Feminism. Makers of the Muslim world. Oneworld.
Cuno, Kenneth M. 2015. Modernizing Marriage: Family, Ideology, and Law in Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century Egypt. Gender and Globalization series. Syracuse University Press.
Daly, M. W. 1998a. The Cambridge History of Egypt: Volume 2: Modern Egypt, From 1517 to the End of the Twentieth Century. Cambridge University Press.
Daly, M. W. 1998b. The Cambridge History of Egypt, Volume 2: Modern Egypt, From 1517 to the End of the Twentieth Century. Cambridge University Press. Electronic book. https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521472111.
Davis, Eric. 1983. Challenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization, 1920-1941. Princeton University Press. Electronic resource. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=1701206.
De Bellaigue, Christopher. 2017. The Islamic Enlightenment: The Modern Struggle Between Faith and Reason. Bodley Head.
De Waal, Thomas. 2015. Great Catastrophe: Armenians and Turks in the Shadow of Genocide. Oxford University Press. Electronic resource. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=1876215.
Der Matossian, Bedross. 2014. Shattered Dreams of Revolution: From Liberty to Violence in the Late Ottoman Empire. Stanford University Press.
Deringil, Selim. 2011. The Well-Protected Domains: Ideology and the Legitimation of Power in the Ottoman Empire, 1876-1909. I.B. Tauris.
Di-Capua, Yoav. 2009. Gatekeepers of the Arab Past: Historians and History Writing in Twentieth-Century Egypt. University of California Press.
Ekmekçioǧlu, Lerna. 2016. Recovering Armenia: The Limits of Belonging in Post-Genocide Turkey. Stanford University Press.
Ekmekçioğlu, Lerna. 2016. Recovering Armenia: The Limits of Belonging in Post-Genocide Turkey. Stanford University Press. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=4414765.
Enayat, Hadi. 2013. Law, State, and Society in Modern Iran: Constitutionalism, Autocracy, and Legal Reform, 1906-1941. First edition. Palgrave Macmillan. Electronic resource. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=1330885.
Eskenazi, Victor. 2016. Beyond Constantinople: The Memoirs of an Ottoman Jew. I.B. Tauris. Electronic resource. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=4711740.
Fahmy, Khaled. 1997. All the Pasha’s Men: Mehmed Ali, His Army and the Making of Modern Egypt. Cambridge University Press.
Fahmy, Khaled. 1999. ‘The Police and the People in Nineteenth-Century Egypt’. Die Welt Des Islams 39 (3): 340–77. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1571253.
Fahmy, Khaled. 2004. All the Pasha’s Men: Mehmed Ali, His Army and the Making of Modern Egypt. American University in Cairo Press. Electronic resource. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=1648990.
Fahmy, Khaled. 2009. Mehmed Ali: From Ottoman Governor to Ruler of Egypt. Oneworld. Electronic resource. https://royalholloway.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Holloway&isbn=9786000015084&uid=^u.
Fahmy, Khaled. 2018. In Quest of Justice: Islamic Law and Forensic Medicine in Modern Egypt. University of California Press.
Fasāʼī, Ḥasan ibn Ḥasan, and Heribert Busse. 1972. History of Persia Under Qajar Rule. [No. 15]. Columbia University Press.
Finkel, Caroline. 2006. Osman’s Dream: The Story of the Ottoman Empire 1300-1923. John Murray.
Firges, Pascal. 2017a. French Revolutionaries in the Ottoman Empire: Political Culture, Diplomacy, and the Limits of Universal Revolution, 1792-1798. Oxford University Press.
Firges, Pascal. 2017b. French Revolutionaries in the Ottoman Empire: Political Culture, Diplomacy, and the Limits of Universal Revolution, 1792-1798. Oxford University Press. Electronic resource. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=4774197.
Flaubert, Gustave, and Francis Steegmuller. 1972. Flaubert in Egypt: A Sensibility on Tour. Bodley Head.
Forster, E. M. 2014a. Alexandria: A History and Guide. Tauris Parke Paperbacks.
Forster, E. M. 2014b. Alexandria: A History and Guide. Tauris Parke Paperbacks.
Fortna, Benjamin C. 2011. Learning to Read in the Late Ottoman Empire and the Early Turkish Republic. Palgrave Macmillan. Electronic resource. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=652316.
Frederick, Anscombe. 2014. State, Faith and Nation in Ottoman and Post-Ottoman Lands. Cambridge University Press.
Gallant, Thomas W. 2015a. The Edinburgh History of the Greeks, 1768 to 1913: The Long Nineteenth Century. Electronic book. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=4737298.
Gallant, Thomas W. 2015b. The Edinburgh History of the Greeks, 1768 to 1913: The Long Nineteenth Century. The Edinburgh history of the Greeks. Edinburgh University Press.
Gelvin, James. 2016. ‘“The Hatt-i Serif of Gulhane” and “Islahat Fermani”’. In The Modern Middle East: A History, Fourth edition. Oxford University Press.
Gelvin, James L. 1998. Divided Loyalties: Nationalism and Mass Politics in Syria at the Close of Empire. University of California Press.
Gelvin, James L. 2016. The Modern Middle East: A History. 4th Edition. Oxford University Press.
Gershoni, I., and James P. Jankowski. 1986. Egypt, Islam, and the Arabs: The Search for Egyptian Nationhood, 1900-1930. Oxford University Press.
Gershoni, I., and James P Jankowski. 1995. Redefining the Egyptian Nation, 1930-1945. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press.
Gerwarth, Robert. 2016. The Vanquished: Why the First World War Failed to End, 1917-1923. Allen Lane.
GhaneaBassiri, Kambiz. 2010a. A History of Islam in America: From the New World to the New World Order. Cambridge University Press.
GhaneaBassiri, Kambiz. 2010b. A History of Islam in America: From the New World to the New World Order. Cambridge University Press. Electronic resource. http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781107253803.
Gingeras, Ryan. 2009. Sorrowful Shores: Violence, Ethnicity, and the End of the Ottoman Empire 1912-1923. Oxford University Press. Electronic resource. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199561520.001.0001.
Gingeras, Ryan. 2014. Heroin, Organized Crime, and the Making of Modern Turkey. Oxford University Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198716020.001.0001.
Gladstone, W.E. 1876. Bulgarian Horrors and the Question of the East. Lovell, Adam, Wesson & Co. http://dbooks.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/books/PDFs/590418939.pdf.
Gleave, R. 2005. Religion and Society in Qajar Iran: Proceedings of the Conference Held on 4-6 September 2000 in Bristol. Vol. 4. RoutledgeCurzon. Electronic resource. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=199455.
Graeber, David. 2014. Debt: The First 5,000 Years. [Updated and Expanded edition]. Melville House.
Halevi, Leor. 2019. Modern Things on Trial: Islam’s Global and Material Reformation in the Age of Rida, 1865-1935. Columbia University Press. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=5613996.
Halevi, Sa’adi ben Betsalel, and Isaac Jerusalmi. 2012. A Jewish Voice from Ottoman Salonica: The Ladino Memoir of Sa’adi Besalel a-Levi. Edited by Aron Rodrigue and Sarah Abrevaya Stein. STANFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS.
Halim, Hala. 2013. Alexandrian Cosmopolitanism: An Archive. Fordham University Press.
Halman, Talat Sait, and Jayne L. Warner. 2011. A Millennium of Turkish Literature: A Concise History. Revised Edition. Syracuse University Press.
Hammer, Juliane, and Omid Safi, eds. 2013. The Cambridge Companion to American Islam. Cambridge University Press. Electronic book. https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CCO9781139026161.
Hanioglu, M. Skr. 2008. A Brief History of the Late Ottoman Empire. Princeton University Press. Electronic book. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=457815.
Hanioglu, M. Sukru. 1995. The Young Turks in Opposition. Oxford University Press.
Hanioglu, M. Sukru. 2010. A Brief History of the Late Ottoman Empire. Princeton University Press.
Hanioglu, M. Sükrü. 2017. Atatürk: An Intellectual Biography. Revised paperback edition. Princeton University Press. Electronic resource. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=4816498.
Hanley, Will. 2008. ‘Grieving Cosmopolitanism in Middle East Studies’. History Compass 6 (5): 1346–67. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-0542.2008.00545.x.
Hanssen, Jens, and Max Weiss, eds. 2016. Arabic Thought Beyond the Liberal Age: Towards an Intellectual History of the Nahda. Cambridge University Press.
Hassan, Abul, and Margaret Morris Cloake. 1988. A Persian at the Court of King George 1809-10: The Journal of Mirza Abul Hassan Khan. Barrie & Jenkins.
Hidayat, Saadiq. 1997. The Blind Owl. Rebel Inc.
Hirst, Anthony, and M. S. Silk. 2004. Alexandria, Real and Imagined. Publications for the Centre for Hellenic Studies, King’s College, London. Ashgate.
Holbrook, Victoria Rowe. 1994. The Unreadable Shores of Love: Turkish Modernity and Mystic Romance. University of Texas Press.
Hourani, Albert. 1983a. Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age, 1798-1939. Cambridge University Press.
Hourani, Albert. 1983b. Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age, 1798-1939. Cambridge University Press. Electronic resource. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.00896.
Hourani, Albert. 2013. A History of the Arab Peoples. New and Updated edition. Faber and Faber.
Hourani, Albert Habib, Philip S Khoury, and Mary C Wilson. 2004. The Modern Middle East: A Reader. 2nd ed. I.B. Tauris.
Howard, Douglas A. 2016. A History of the Ottoman Empire. Cambridge University Press.
Issawi, Charles. 1971. The Economic History of Iran, 1800-1914. No.8. University of Chicago Press.
Jabartī, Abd al-Rahman. 2004. Napoleon in Egypt: Al-Jabartī’s Chronicle of the French Occupation, 1798. Expanded ed. in honor of Al-Jabartī’s 250th birthday. Markus Wiener.
Jabarti, Abd al-Rahman. 2008. Al-Jabarti’s History of Egypt. Markus Wiener Publishers.
Jones Brydges, Harford, ed. 1833. The Dynasty of the Kajars, the Reigning Royal Family of Persia. John Bohn. https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.83019.
Kafadar, Cemal. 1997. ‘The Question of Ottoman Decline’. Harvard Middle Eastern and Islamic Review 4: 30–75.
Karaveli, Halil Magnus. 2018. Why Turkey Is Authoritarian: From Ataturk to Erdogan. Pluto Press. Electronic resource. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=5473162.
Karpat, Kemal H. 1985. ‘The Ottoman Emigration to America, 1860-1914’. International Journal of Middle East Studies 17 (2): 175–209. https://www.jstor.org/stable/163603.
Kasaba, Reşat, ed. 2008. The Cambridge History of Turkey - Volume 4: Turkey in the Modern World. Cambridge University Press. Electronic book. https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521620963.
Kasaba, Resat. 2008. The Cambridge History of Turkey: Volume 4: Turkey in the Modern World. Cambridge University Press.
Kassir, Samir, and M. B. DeBevoise. 2011. Beirut. University of California Press.
Keddie, Nikki R. 1966. Religion and Rebellion in Iran: The Tobacco Protest of 1891-1892. Cass.
Keddie, Nikki R., and Yann Richard. 2006a. Modern Iran: Roots and Results of Revolution. Updated ed. Yale University Press.
Keddie, Nikki R., and Yann Richard. 2006b. Modern Iran: Roots and Results of Revolution. Updated ed. Yale University Press.
Kerr, Malcolm H., and Gustave E. von Grunebaum. 1966. Islamic Reform: The Political and Legal Theories of Muḥammad ʻAbduh and Rashīd Riḍā. University of California Press.
Khater, Akram Fouad. 2011. Sources in the History of the Modern Middle East. 2nd ed. Wadsworth/Cengage Learning.
Khoury, Dina Rizk. 2002. State and Provincial Society in the Ottoman Empire: Mosul, 1540-1834. Cambridge University Press.
Khuri-Makdisi, Ilham. 2013. The Eastern Mediterranean and the Making of Global Radicalism, 1860-1914. Vol. 13. University of California Press.
Kieser, Hans-Lukas. 2018. Talaat Pasha: Father of Modern Turkey, Architect of Genocide. Princeton University Press. Electronic resource. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=5344268.
Kitroeff, Alexander. 2019. The Greeks and the Making of Modern Egypt. The American University in Cairo Press. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=6165601.
Kiyotaki, Keiko. 2019. Ottoman Land Reform in the Province of Baghdad. BRILL.
Kondo, Nobuaki. 2017. Islamic Law and Society in Iran: A Social History of Qajar Tehran. Routledge. Electronic resource. https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.royalholloway.idm.oclc.org/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=4834247.
Kurzman, Charles. 1998. Liberal Islam: A Sourcebook. Oxford University Press.
Kurzman, Charles. 2002a. Modernist Islam, 1840-1940: A Sourcebook. Oxford University Press.
Kurzman, Charles. 2002b. Modernist Islam, 1840-1940: A Sourcebook. Oxford University Press. Electronic resource. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=422916.
Lambton, Ann K. S. 1987. A History of Qajar Persia: Eleven Studies. Tauris.
Landes, DS. 1980. Landes: Bankers & Pashas: International Finance & Economic Imperialism in Egypt. Harvard University Press.
‘Lausanne Peace Treaty (with Associated Agreements) | Republic of Turkey: Ministry of Foreign Affairs’. n.d. http://www.mfa.gov.tr/lausanne-peace-treaty.en.mfa.
Levi, Melih, Monica M. Ringer, and Ahmet Mithat. 2016. Felâtun Bey and Râkim Efendi: An Ottoman Novel. Syracuse University Press.
Lewis, Bernard. 2002. The Emergence of Modern Turkey. 3rd ed. Studies in Middle Eastern history. Oxford University Press.
Lewis, Geoffrey. 2002. The Turkish Language Reform: A Catastrophic Success. Oxford University Press.
Lockman, Zachary. 2010a. Contending Visions of the Middle East: The History and Politics of Orientalism. 2nd ed. The contemporary Middle East. Cambridge University Press.
Lockman, Zachary. 2010b. Contending Visions of the Middle East: The History and Politics of Orientalism. 2nd ed. Vol. 3. Cambridge University Press. Electronic resource. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.30811.
Lorentz, John H. 1971. ‘Iran’s Great Reformer of the Nineteenth Century: An Analysis of Amir Kabir’s Reforms’. Iranian Studies 4 (2): 85–103. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4310085.
Makdisi, Ussama Samir. 2000a. Culture of Sectarianism: Community, History, and Violence in Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Lebanon. University of California Press. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=223529.
Makdisi, Ussama Samir. 2000b. The Culture of Sectarianism: Community, History, and Violence in Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Lebanon. University of California Press.
Mango, Andrew. 1999. Atatürk. John Murray.
Mansfield, Peter, and Nicolas Pelham. 2013. A History of the Middle East. Fourth edition. Penguin Books.
Mardin, Serif. 2000. The Genesis of Young Ottoman Thought: A Study in the Modernization of Turkish Political Ideas. Syracuse University Press.
Mardin, Şerif. 2000. The Genesis of Young Ottoman Thought: A Study in the Modernization of Turkish Political Ideas. Syracuse University Press. Electronic resource. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.00916.
Martin, Vanessa. 2005. The Qajar Pact: Bargaining, Protest and the State in Nineteenth-Century Persia. Series: International library of Iranian studies; v. 4. I. B. Tauris.
Masters, Bruce Alan. 2013. The Arabs of the Ottoman Empire, 1516-1918: A Social and Cultural History. Cambridge University Press.
Mazower, Mark. 2005. Salonica, City of Ghosts: Christians, Muslims and Jews, 1430-1950. Harper Perennial.
McDougall, James. 2017. A History of Algeria. Cambridge University Press.
McMeekin, Sean. 2016. The Ottoman Endgame: War, Revolution, and the Making of the Modern Middle East, 1908-1923. Penguin Books.
Meerza, Najaf Koolee. 1839. Journal of a Residence in England, and of a Journey From and to Syria. London. https://archive.org/details/journalofresiden02naja.
Melville, Charles, Peter Avery, and Gavin Hambly. 1991. The Cambridge History of Iran: Volume 7: From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic. Cambridge University Press.
Menchinger, Ethan L. 2017. The First of the Modern Ottomans: The Intellectual History of Ahmed Vasif. Cambridge University Press. Electronic resource. https://royalholloway.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Holloway&isbn=9781108196956&uid=^u.
Minawi, Mostafa. 2016. The Ottoman Scramble for Africa: Empire and Diplomacy in the Sahara and the Hijaz. Stanford University Press.
Mitchell, Timothy. 1988a. Colonising Egypt. Cambridge University Press.
Mitchell, Timothy. 1988b. Colonising Egypt. University of California Press. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft587006k2/.
Morris, Benny. 2019. The Thirty-Year Genocide. Harvard University Press. Hardcover.
Muwayliḥī, Muḥammad, and Roger Allen. 2015. What ʻīSā Ibn Hishām Told Us, Or, a Period of Time: Volume One. Edited by Philip F. Kennedy. Library of Arabic Literature. New York University Press.
Muwayliḥī, Muḥammad, and Roger Allen. 2015. What ʻīSā Ibn Hishām Told Us, Or, a Period of Time: Volume Two. Edited by Philip F. Kennedy. Library of Arabic Literature. New York University Press.
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Owen, Roger. 1981b. The Middle East in the World Economy, 1800-1914. Rev. pbk. ed. I.B. Tauris. Electronic resource. https://royalholloway.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Holloway&isbn=9786000019389&uid=^u.
Owen, Roger. 2004. Lord Cromer: Victorian Imperialist, Edwardian Proconsul. Oxford University Press.
Pamuk, Orhan. 2006. Istanbul: Memories of a City. Faber.
Pamuk, Şevket. 2010. The Ottoman Empire and European Capitalism, 1820-1913: Trade, Investment and Production. Cambridge University Press.
Pappé, Ilan. 2014a. The Modern Middle East: A Social and Cultural History. Third edition. Routledge.
Pappé, Ilan. 2014b. The Modern Middle East: A Social and Cultural History. Third edition. Routledge. Electronic resource. https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.royalholloway.idm.oclc.org/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=1659220.
Peters, Rudolph. 1980. ‘Idjtihad and Taqlid in 18th and 19th Century Islam’. Die Welt Des Islams 20 (3/4). https://doi.org/10.2307/1569501.
Peters, Rudolph. 1999a. ‘“For His Correction and as a Deterrent Example for Others”: Meḥmed ʿAlī’s First Criminal Legislation (1829-1830)’. Islamic Law and Society 6 (2): 164–92. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3399311.
Peters, Rudolph. 1999b. ‘“For His Correction and as a Deterrent Example for Others”: Meḥmed ʿAlī’s First Criminal Legislation (1829-1830)’. Islamic Law and Society 6 (2): 164–92. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3399311.
Philliou, Christine M. 2011. Biography of an Empire. University of California Press. Electronic resource. https://librarysearch.royalholloway.ac.uk:443/44ROY_VU2:LSCOP_44ROY_NOTJOURNAL:44ROY_ALMA_DS5139726070002671.
Philliou, Christine May. 2011. Biography of an Empire: Governing Ottomans in an Age of Revolution. University of California Press.
Powers, David Stephan, Susan A. Spectorsky, and Oussama Arabi. 2013. Islamic Legal Thought: A Compendium of Muslim Jurists. Volume 36. Brill. Electronic resource. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=1474943.
Provence, Michael. 2017. The Last Ottoman Generation and the Making of the Modern Middle East. Cambridge University Press.
Quataert, Donald. 2005. The Ottoman Empire, 1700-1922. 2nd ed. Cambrige University Press.
Raymond, André. 2000. Cairo. Harvard University Press.
Rejwan, Nissim. 2004. The Last Jews in Baghdad: Remembering a Lost Homeland. 1st ed. University of Texas Press.
Riḍā, Muḥammad Rashīd. 1996. The Muhammadan Revelation. Al Saadawi Publications.
Robson, Laura. 2017. States of Separation: Transfer, Partition, and the Making of the Modern Middle East. University of California Press.
Roderick Beaton. 2020. Greece: Biography of a Modern Nation. Penguin. https://smile.amazon.co.uk/Greece-Biography-Modern-Roderick-Beaton/dp/0141986522/ref=sr_1_1?crid=2S8TVLYIHOFOZ&keywords=greece+biography+of+a+modern+nation&qid=1582648681&sprefix=greece+biograph%2Caps%2C168&sr=8-1.
Rodogno, Davide. 2012a. Against Massacre: Humanitarian Interventions in the Ottoman Empire, 1815-1914. Princeton University Press.
Rodogno, Davide. 2012b. Against Massacre: Humanitarian Interventions in the Ottoman Empire, 1815-1914 : The Emergence of a European Concept and International Practice. Princeton University Press. Electronic book. http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781400840014.
Rogan, Eugene L. 2012. The Arabs: A History. 2nd ed. Penguin.
Rogan, Eugene L. 2016. The Fall of the Ottomans: The Great War in the Middle East, 1914-1920. Penguin Books.
Safi, Omid, and Juliane Hammer. 2013. The Cambridge Companion to American Islam. Cambridge University Press.
Said, Edward W. 2003. Orientalism. [New ed.]. Penguin.
Salibi, Kamal S. 2014. A House of Many Mansions: The History of Lebanon Reconsidered. I. B. Tauris.
Saracoglu, Safa. 2018. Nineteenth-Century Local Governance in Ottoman Bulgaria: Politics in Provincial Councils. Edinburgh University Press.
Sbayyil, `Abdallah ibn, and P. M. Kurpershoek. 2018. Arabian Romantic: Poems on Bedouin Life and Love. New York University Press.
Schayegh, Cyrus. 2017. The Middle East and the Making of the Modern World. Harvard University Press.
Sedgwick, Mark J. 2010a. Muhammad Abduh. Oneworld.
Sedgwick, Mark J. 2010b. Muhammad Abduh. Oneworld. Electronic resource. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=1771873.
Shaarawi, Huda, and Margot Badran. 1987. Harem Years: The Memoirs of an Egyptian Feminist, 1879-1924. Feminist.
Shafiee, Katayoun. 2018. Machineries of Oil: An Infrastructural History of BP in Iran. The MIT Press. https://muse.jhu.edu/book/60838/.
Sharkey, Heather J. 2017. A History of Muslims, Christians, and Jews in the Middle East. Cambridge University Press.
Shidyāq, Aḥmad Fāris, Humphrey T. Davies, Aḥmad Fāris Shidyāq, and Aḥmad Fāris Shidyāq. 2014. Leg Over Leg, Or, the Turtle in the Tree: Concerning the Fāriyāq, What Manner of Creature Might He Be. New York University Press.
Sohrabi, Nader. 2011. Revolution and Constitutionalism in the Ottoman Empire and Iran. Cambridge University Press.
Sonbol, Amira El Azhary. 1991. The Creation of a Medical Profession in Egypt, 1800-1922. Syracuse University Press.
Spencer, T. J. B. 1954. Fair Greece, Sad Relic: Literary Philhellenism From Shakespeare to Byron. Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
Suny, Ronald Grigor. 2015. ‘They Can Live in the Desert but Nowhere Else’: A History of the Armenian Genocide. Princeton University Press. Electronic resource. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=1935076.
Suny, Ronald Grigor, Fatma Muge Gocek, and Norman M. Naimark. 2011. A Question of Genocide: Armenians and Turks at the End of the Ottoman Empire. Oxford University Press.
Suny, Ronald Grigor, Fatma Müge Göçek, and Norman M. Naimark. 2011. A Question of Genocide: Armenians and Turks at the End of the Ottoman Empire. Oxford University Press. Electronic resource. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780195393743.001.0001.
Ṭahṭāwī, Rifāʿah Rāfiʿ, and Daniel L. Newman. 2011. An Imam in Paris : Account of a Stay in France by an Egyptian Cleric (1826-1831) = Takhlīṣ Al-Ibrīz Fī Talkhīṣ Bārīz Aw Al-Dīwān Al-Nafīs Bi-ĪWān Bārīs. New ed. Saqi.
Talattof, Kamran. 1999. The Politics of Writing in Iran: A History of Modern Persian Literature. Syracuse University Press.
Tatrean, Vahram, and Ara Sarafian. 2003. To the Desert: Pages From My Diary. Gomidas Institute.
Temelkuran, Ece. 2010. Deep Mountain: Across the Turkish-Armenian Divide. Verso.
Temelkuran, Ece, and Zeynep Beler. 2015. Turkey: The Insane and the Melancholy. Zed Books.
Thompson, Elizabeth. 2000. Colonial Citizens: Republican Rights, Paternal Privilege, and Gender in French Syria and Lebanon. Columbia University Press.
Thompson, Elizabeth. 2013a. Justice Interrupted: The Struggle for Constitutional Government in the Middle East. Harvard University Press.
Thompson, Elizabeth. 2013b. Justice Interrupted: The Struggle for Constitutional Government in the Middle East. Harvard University Press. Electronic resource. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=3301287.
To What Strange Place: Music of the Ottoman-American Diaspora Box Set. 2011. Tompkins Square.
Tolan, John Victor, Gilles Veinstein, Henry Laurens, and Jane Marie Todd. 2013a. Europe and the Islamic World: A History. Princeton University Press.
Tolan, John Victor, Gilles Veinstein, Henry Laurens, and Jane Marie Todd. 2013b. Europe and the Islamic World: A History. Princeton University Press. Electronic book. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=1040748.
Tripp, Charles. 2007. A History of Iraq. 3rd ed. Cambridge University Press.
Tucker, Judith E. 1985. Women in Nineteenth-Century Egypt. Cambridge Middle East library. Cambridge University Press. Electronic resource. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.00943.
Tuncer, Ali Coskun. 2015. Sovereign Debt and International Financial Control: The Middle East and the Balkans, 1870-1914. Palgrave Macmillan. Electronic resource. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=4008580.
Tūnisī, Muḥammad ibn ʻUmar. 2018a. In Darfur: An Account of the Sultanate and Its People, Volume One. Edited by Humphrey T. Davies and Devin J. Stewart. New York University Press.
Tūnisī, Muḥammad ibn ʻUmar. 2018b. In Darfur: An Account of the Sultanate and Its People, Volume Two. Edited by Humphrey T. Davies and Devin J. Stewart. New York University Press.
Turnaoglu, Banu. 2017. The Formation of Turkish Republicanism. Princeton University Press. Electronic resource. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=4843070.
Tuson, Penelope. 2014. Western Women Travelling East, 1716-1916. Vol. 10. The Arcadian Library in association with Oxford University Press.
Üngör, Uğur Ümit. 2012a. The Making of Modern Turkey: Nation and State in Eastern Anatolia, 1913-1950. Oxford University Press.
Ungor, Ugur Umit. 2012a. The Making of Modern Turkey: Nation and State in Eastern Anatolia, 1913-1950. Electronic book. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=886601.
Üngör, Uğur Ümit. 2012b. The Making of Modern Turkey: Nation and State in Eastern Anatolia, 1913-1950. Oxford University Press.
Ungor, Ugur Umit. 2012b. The Making of Modern Turkey: Nation and State in Eastern Anatolia, 1913-1950. Electronic book. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=886601.
Vitalis, Robert. 1995. When Capitalists Collide: Business Conflict and the End of Empire in Egypt. University of California Press. Electronic resource.
Walcher, Heidi A. and Iran Heritage Foundation. 2008. In the Shadow of the King: Zill Al-Sultan and Isfahan Under the Qajars. Tauris.
Watenpaugh, Heghnar Zeitlian. 2019. The Missing Pages: The Modern Life of a Medieval Manuscript, from Genocide to Justice. Stanford University Press; 1 edition.
Watenpaugh, Keith David. 2015. Bread From Stones: The Middle East and the Making of Modern Humanitarianism. University of California Press. Electronic resource. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.33072.
Weiss, Max. 2010a. In the Shadow of Sectarianism: Law, Shi’ism, and the Making of Modern Lebanon. Harvard University Press.
Weiss, Max. 2010b. In the Shadow of Sectarianism: Law, Shi’ism, and the Making of Modern Lebanon. Harvard University Press. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=3300905.
White, Benjamin Thomas. 2011. The Emergence of Minorities in the Middle East: The Politics of Community in French Mandate Syria. Edinburgh University Press. Electronic resource. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=767131.
White, Benjamin Thomas. 2012. The Emergence of Minorities in the Middle East: The Politics of Community in French Mandate Syria. Edinburgh University Press.
Wilson, M. Brett. 2014. Translating the Qur’an in an Age of Nationalism: Print Culture and Modern Islam in Turkey. Vol. 11. Oxford University Press, in association with the Institute of Ismaili Studies.
Woodhead, Christine. 2011. The Ottoman World. The Routledge worlds. Routledge.
Yacoub, Joseph, and James Ferguson. 2016. Year of the Sword: The Assyrian Christian Genocide : A History. Oxford University Press. Electronic resource. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=4806694.
Yaycioglu, Ali. 2016a. Partners of the Empire: The Crisis of the Ottoman Order in the Age of Revolutions. Stanford University Press.
Yaycioglu, Ali. 2016b. Partners of the Empire: The Crisis of the Ottoman Order in the Age of Revolutions. Stanford University Press. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=4455203.
Yıldız, Aysel Danacı. 2017. Crisis and Rebellion in the Ottoman Empire: The Downfall of a Sultan in the Age of Revolution. Vol. 58. I.B. Tauris.
Yılmaz, Hale. 2013. Becoming Turkish: Nationalist Reforms and Cultural Negotiations in Early Republican Turkey, 1923-1945. 1st Edition. Syracuse University Press. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=714595.
Yılmaz, Hale. 2016. Becoming Turkish: Nationalist Reforms and Cultural Negotiations in Early Republican Turkey, 1923-1945. Syracuse University Press.
Zandi-Sayek, Sibel. 2012. Ottoman Izmir: The Rise of a Cosmopolitan Port, 1840-1880. University of Minnesota Press.
Zaydān, Jirjī, and Samah Selim. 2012. Tree of Pearls, Queen of Egypt. Syracuse University Press.
Zurcher, Erik Jan. 2017. Turkey: A Modern History. Fourth edition. Vol. 27. I.B. Tauris. Electronic resource. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=5340611.
