Bibliography for HS2125: The Making of the Modern Middle East BETA

‘Abdul Hamid II Photograph Collection | Library of Congress’. n.d. https://www.loc.gov/collections/abdul-hamid-ii/about-this-collection/.

Abrahamian, Ervand. 1982. Iran Between Two Revolutions. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

———. 2018. A History of Modern Iran. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Abu-Manneh, Butrus. 1994. ‘The Islamic Roots of the Gulhane Rescript’. Die Welt Des Islams 34 (2). https://doi.org/10.2307/1570929.

Adıvar, Halide Edib, and Sibel Erol. 2009. House With Wisteria: Memoirs of Turkey Old and New. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers.

Ahmad, Mirza ’Azod Al-Dowleh, and Manoutchehr M. Eskandari. 2014. Life at the Court of the Early Qajar Shahs. Washington, D.C.: Mage Publishers.

Akarli, Engin Deniz. 1993. The Long Peace: Ottoman Lebanon, 1861-1920. London: University of California Press.

Akçam, Taner. 2004. From Empire to Republic: Turkish Nationalism and the Armenian Genocide. New York: Zed Books.

———. 2007. A Shameful Act: The Armenian Genocide and the Question of Turkish Responsibility. London: Constable.

———. 2012. The Young Turks’ Crime Against Humanity: The Armenian Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing in the Ottoman Empire. Princeton: Princeton University Press. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.32595.

Akcam, Taner. 2018. Killing Orders: Talat Pasha’s Telegrams and the Armenian Genocide. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.

Aksakal, Mustafa. 2008. The Ottoman Road to War in 1914: The Ottoman Empire and the First World War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://royalholloway.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Holloway&isbn=9780511461996&uid=^u.

Aksan, Virginia H. 2007. Ottoman Wars 1700-1870: An Empire Besieged. Harlow: Longman/Pearson.

———. 2018. The Ottoman Empire, 1700-1918: An Empire Besieged. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=6716327.

Al-Enazy, Askar H. 2013. The Creation of Saudi Arabia: Ibn Saud and British Imperial Policy, 1914-1927. London: Routledge.

Alexanian, Adrienne G. 2017. Forced into Genocide: Memoirs of an Armenian Soldier in the Ottoman Turkish Army (Genocide Studies). Routledge; 1 edition.

Alfaro-Velcamp, Theresa. 2007. So Far From Allah, So Close to Mexico: Middle Eastern Immigrants in Modern Mexico. Austin: University of Texas Press.

Algar, Hamid. 1969. Religion and State in Iran, 1785-1906: The Role of the Ulama in the Qajar Period. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Allen, Roger. 1982. ‘The Early Development of the Arabic Novel Tradition’. In The Arabic Novel: An Historical and Critical Introduction, 2nd ed. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press.

———. 2005. The Arabic Literary Heritage: The Development of Its Genres and Criticism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Al-Rasheed, Madawi. 2010. A History of Saudi Arabia. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://royalholloway.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Holloway&isbn=9781107253513&uid=^u.

Amanat, Abbas. 1997. Pivot of the Universe: Nasir Al-Din Shah Qajar and the Iranian Monarchy, 1831-1896. London: Tauris.

———. 2017a. Iran: A Modern History. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

———. 2017b. ‘The Demise of the Safavid Order’. In Iran: A Modern History. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Amin, Camron Michael, Benjamin C. Fortna, and Elizabeth Brown Frierson. 2006a. The Modern Middle East: A Sourcebook for History. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

———. 2006b. The Modern Middle East: A Sourcebook for History. Oxford: Oxford University Press. http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780191514647.

Amin, Qasim. 2000. The Liberation of Women: And, the New Woman : Two Documents in the History of Egyptian Feminism. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press.

Anderson, Betty S. 2016. A History of the Modern Middle East: Rulers, Rebels, and Rogues. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.

Anderson, M. S. 1968. The Eastern Question, 1774-1923: A Study in International Relations. Repr. (corr.). London: Macmillan.

Ansari, Ali. 2019. The History of Modern Iran Since 1797. 3 ed. London: Taylor & Francis Ltd.

Arié, Gabriel, Esther Benbassa, and Aron Rodrigue. 1998a. A Sephardi Life in Southeastern Europe: The Autobiography and Journal of Gabriel Arié, 1863-1939. Seattle: University of Washington Press.

———. 1998b. A Sephardi Life in Southeastern Europe: The Autobiography and Journal of Gabriel Arié, 1863-1939. Seattle: University of Washington Press.

Arsan, Andrew. 2014. Interlopers of Empire: The Lebanese Diaspora in Colonial French West Africa. New York: Oxford University Press.

Atabaki, Touraj, and Erik Jan Zürcher. 2017. Men of Order: Authoritarian Modernization Under Atatürk and Reza Shah. London: I.B. Tauris.

Atatürk, Kemal. 2008. The Great Speech. Second edition. Ankara: Ataturk Research Center.

Avery, P., G. R. G. Hambly, and C. Melville. 1991. The Cambridge History of Iran: Volume 7: From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521200950.

Aydin, Cemil. 2017. The Idea of the Muslim World: A Global Intellectual History. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.

Badawī, Muḥammad Muṣṭafá. 1992. Modern Arabic Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

———. 1993. Modern Arabic Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521331975.

Badran, Margot. 1995a. Feminists, Islam, and Nation: Gender and the Making of Modern Egypt. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

———. 1995b. Feminists, Islam, and Nation: Gender and the Making of Modern Egypt. Princeton University Press. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.04679.

Balakian, Grigoris. 2010. ‘From Yozgat to Boghazliyan: The Skulls / The Confessions of a Slayer Captain / Encountering Another Caravan of the Condemned’. In Armenian Golgotha. New York: Vintage Books.

Balakian, Grigoris, and Peter Balakian. 2010. Armenian Golgotha: A Memoir of the Armenian Genocide, 1915-1918. New York: Random House USA Inc.

Banean, Garnik. 2015. Goodbye, Antoura: A Memoir of the Armenian Genocide. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Barak, On. 2013. On Time: Technology and Temporality in Modern Egypt. Berkeley, California: University of California Press.

Barkey, Karen. 2008. Empire of Difference: The Ottomans in Comparative Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Baron, Beth. 1994. The Women’s Awakening in Egypt: Culture, Society, and the Press. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Barr, James. 2013. A Line in the Sand: The Anglo-French Struggle for the Middle East, 1914-1948. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.

Basaran, Betul. 2014. Selim III, Social Control and Policing in Istanbul at the End of the Eighteenth Century: Between Crisis and Order. Vol. The Ottoman Empire and its heritage: politics, society and economy. Leiden: Brill. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=1744670.

Bashkin, Orit. 2010. The Other Iraq: Pluralism and Culture in Hashemite Iraq. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press.

———. 2012. New Babylonians: A History of Jews in Modern Iraq. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press.

Batatu, Hanna. 1978. The Old Social Classes and the Revolutionary Movements of Iraq: A Study of Iraq’s Old Landed and Commercial Classes and of Its Communists, Ba’thists, and Free Officers. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

Baykal, Erol A. F. 2019. The Ottoman Press (1908-1923). Vol. Volume 67. Leiden: Brill.

Beaton, Roderick. 2019. Greece: Biography of a Modern Nation. Allen Lane.

Behar, Moshe, and Zvi Ben-Dor Benite, eds. 2013. Modern Middle Eastern Jewish Thought: Writings on Identity, Politics, and Culture, 1893-1958. Waltham, Massachusetts: Brandeis University Press.

Beinin, Joel. 1998. The Dispersion of Egyptian Jewry: Culture, Politics, and the Formation of the Modern Diaspora. Vol. 11. Berkeley: University of California Press. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft2290045n/.

Berberian, Houri. 2019. Roving Revolutionaries: Armenians and the Connected Revolutions in the Russian, Iranian, and Ottoman Worlds. Oakland, California: University of California Press.

Berkes, Niyazi. 1998. The Development of Secularism in Turkey. New York: Routledge.

Booth, Marilyn. 2001. May Her Likes Be Multiplied: Biography and Gender Politics in Egypt. Berkeley, [Calif.]: University of California Press. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.04418.

———. 2015a. Classes of Ladies of Cloistered Spaces: Writing Feminist History Through Biography in Fin De Siècle Egypt. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=4462437.

———. 2015b. Classes of Ladies of Cloistered Spaces: Writing Feminist History Through Biography in Fin-De-Siècle Egypt. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Boskovic, Vladimir D. 2018. Jelena Dimitrijevic: Letters From Salonika. Vol. 3. Gorgias Press.

Boyar, Ebru, and Kate Fleet. 2010. A Social History of Ottoman Istanbul. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Byzantios, Skarlatos. 2019a. Constantinople - Volume I. İstos Yayincilik.

———. 2019b. Constantinople - Volume I. İstos Yayincilik.

Can, Lâle. 2020. Spiritual Subjects: Central Asian Pilgrims and the Ottoman Hajj at the End of Empire. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.

Çelik, Zeynep. 1997. Urban Forms and Colonial Confrontations: Algiers Under French Rule. Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft8c6009jk/.

Chatty, Dawn. 2017a. Syria: The Making and Unmaking of a Refuge State. London: Hurst & Company.

———. 2017b. Syria: The Making and Unmaking of a Refuge State. London: Hurst & Company.

Clancy-Smith, Julia Ann. 2012. Mediterraneans: North Africa and Europe in an Age of Migration, C. 1800-1900. Vol. 15. Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press.

Cleveland, William L., and Martin P. Bunton. 2016. A History of the Modern Middle East. Sixth edition. Boulder: Westview Press.

Clogg, Richard. 1976. The Movement for Greek Independence, 1770-1821: A Collection of Documents. New York: Barnes & Noble.

Cohen, Julia Phillips. 2012. ‘Between Civic and Islamic Ottomanism: Jewish Imperial Citizenship in the Hamidian Era’. International Journal of Middle East Studies 44 (2): 237–55. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020743812000037.

———. 2014. Becoming Ottomans: Sephardi Jews and Imperial Citizenship in the Modern Era. New York: Oxford University Press. https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=3055870.

———. 2017. Becoming Ottomans: Sephardi Jews and Imperial Citizenship in the Modern Era. New York: Oxford University Press. https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=3055870.

Cooke, Miriam. 2010. Nazira Zeineddine: A Pioneer of Islamic Feminism. Vol. Makers of the Muslim world. Richmond: Oneworld.

Cuno, Kenneth M. 2015. Modernizing Marriage: Family, Ideology, and Law in Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century Egypt. Vol. Gender and globalization series. New York: Syracuse University Press.

Daly, M. W. 1998a. The Cambridge History of Egypt: Volume 2: Modern Egypt, From 1517 to the End of the Twentieth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

———. 1998b. The Cambridge History of Egypt, Volume 2: Modern Egypt, From 1517 to the End of the Twentieth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521472111.

Davis, Eric. 1983. Challenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization, 1920-1941. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=1701206.

De Bellaigue, Christopher. 2017. The Islamic Enlightenment: The Modern Struggle Between Faith and Reason. London: Bodley Head.

De Waal, Thomas. 2015. Great Catastrophe: Armenians and Turks in the Shadow of Genocide. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=1876215.

Der Matossian, Bedross. 2014. Shattered Dreams of Revolution: From Liberty to Violence in the Late Ottoman Empire. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.

Deringil, Selim. 2011. The Well-Protected Domains: Ideology and the Legitimation of Power in the Ottoman Empire, 1876-1909. London: I.B. Tauris.

Di-Capua, Yoav. 2009. Gatekeepers of the Arab Past: Historians and History Writing in Twentieth-Century Egypt. Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press.

Ekmekçioǧlu, Lerna. 2016. Recovering Armenia: The Limits of Belonging in Post-Genocide Turkey. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.

Ekmekçioğlu, Lerna. 2016. Recovering Armenia: The Limits of Belonging in Post-Genocide Turkey. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=4414765.

Enayat, Hadi. 2013. Law, State, and Society in Modern Iran: Constitutionalism, Autocracy, and Legal Reform, 1906-1941. First edition. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=1330885.

Eskenazi, Victor. 2016. Beyond Constantinople: The Memoirs of an Ottoman Jew. London: I.B. Tauris. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=4711740.

Fahmy, Khaled. 1997. All the Pasha’s Men: Mehmed Ali, His Army and the Making of Modern Egypt. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

———. 1999. ‘The Police and the People in Nineteenth-Century Egypt’. Die Welt Des Islams 39 (3): 340–77. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1571253.

———. 2004. All the Pasha’s Men: Mehmed Ali, His Army and the Making of Modern Egypt. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=1648990.

———. 2009. Mehmed Ali: From Ottoman Governor to Ruler of Egypt. Oxford: Oneworld. https://royalholloway.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Holloway&isbn=9786000015084&uid=^u.

———. 2018. In Quest of Justice: Islamic Law and Forensic Medicine in Modern Egypt. Berkerley: University of California Press.

Fasāʼī, Ḥasan ibn Ḥasan, and Heribert Busse. 1972. History of Persia Under Qajar Rule. Vol. [no. 15]. New York: Columbia University Press.

Finkel, Caroline. 2006. Osman’s Dream: The Story of the Ottoman Empire 1300-1923. London: John Murray.

Firges, Pascal. 2017a. French Revolutionaries in the Ottoman Empire: Political Culture, Diplomacy, and the Limits of Universal Revolution, 1792-1798. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

———. 2017b. French Revolutionaries in the Ottoman Empire: Political Culture, Diplomacy, and the Limits of Universal Revolution, 1792-1798. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=4774197.

Flaubert, Gustave, and Francis Steegmuller. 1972. Flaubert in Egypt: A Sensibility on Tour. London: Bodley Head.

Forster, E. M. 2014a. Alexandria: A History and Guide. London: Tauris Parke Paperbacks.

———. 2014b. Alexandria: A History and Guide. London: Tauris Parke Paperbacks.

Fortna, Benjamin C. 2011. Learning to Read in the Late Ottoman Empire and the Early Turkish Republic. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=652316.

Frederick, Anscombe. 2014. State, Faith and Nation in Ottoman and Post-Ottoman Lands. Cambridge University Press.

Gallant, Thomas W. 2015a. The Edinburgh History of the Greeks, 1768 to 1913: The Long Nineteenth Century. Vol. The Edinburgh history of the Greeks. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

———. 2015b. The Edinburgh History of the Greeks, 1768 to 1913: The Long Nineteenth Century. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=4737298.

Gelvin, James. 2016. ‘“The Hatt-i Serif of Gulhane” and “Islahat Fermani”’. In The Modern Middle East: A History, Fourth edition. New York: Oxford University Press.

Gelvin, James L. 1998. Divided Loyalties: Nationalism and Mass Politics in Syria at the Close of Empire. Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press.

———. 2016. The Modern Middle East: A History. 4th Edition. New York: Oxford University Press.

Gershoni, I., and James P. Jankowski. 1986. Egypt, Islam, and the Arabs: The Search for Egyptian Nationhood, 1900-1930. New York: Oxford University Press.

Gershoni, I., and James P Jankowski. 1995. Redefining the Egyptian Nation, 1930-1945. Vol. 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Gerwarth, Robert. 2016. The Vanquished: Why the First World War Failed to End, 1917-1923. London: Allen Lane.

GhaneaBassiri, Kambiz. 2010a. A History of Islam in America: From the New World to the New World Order. New York: Cambridge University Press.

———. 2010b. A History of Islam in America: From the New World to the New World Order. New York: Cambridge University Press. http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781107253803.

Gingeras, Ryan. 2009. Sorrowful Shores: Violence, Ethnicity, and the End of the Ottoman Empire 1912-1923. Oxford: Oxford University Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199561520.001.0001.

———. 2014. Heroin, Organized Crime, and the Making of Modern Turkey. Oxford: Oxford University Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198716020.001.0001.

Gladstone, W.E. 1876. Bulgarian Horrors and the Question of the East. New York: Lovell, Adam, Wesson & Co. http://dbooks.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/books/PDFs/590418939.pdf.

Gleave, R. 2005. Religion and Society in Qajar Iran: Proceedings of the Conference Held on 4-6 September 2000 in Bristol. Vol. 4. London: RoutledgeCurzon. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=199455.

Graeber, David. 2014. Debt: The First 5,000 Years. [Updated and Expanded edition]. Brooklyn, New York: Melville House.

Halevi, Leor. 2019. Modern Things on Trial: Islam’s Global and Material Reformation in the Age of Rida, 1865-1935. New York: Columbia University Press. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=5613996.

Halevi, Sa’adi ben Betsalel, and Isaac Jerusalmi. 2012. A Jewish Voice from Ottoman Salonica: The Ladino Memoir of Sa’adi Besalel a-Levi. Edited by Aron Rodrigue and Sarah Abrevaya Stein. STANFORD, CALIFORNIA: STANFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS.

Halim, Hala. 2013. Alexandrian Cosmopolitanism: An Archive. New York: Fordham University Press.

Halman, Talat Sait, and Jayne L. Warner. 2011. A Millennium of Turkish Literature: A Concise History. Revised Edition. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press.

Hammer, Juliane, and Omid Safi, eds. 2013. The Cambridge Companion to American Islam. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CCO9781139026161.

Hanioglu, M. Skr. 2008. A Brief History of the Late Ottoman Empire. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=457815.

Hanioglu, M. Sukru. 1995. The Young Turks in Opposition. New York: Oxford University Press.

———. 2010. A Brief History of the Late Ottoman Empire. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

Hanioglu, M. Sükrü. 2017. Atatürk: An Intellectual Biography. Revised paperback edition. Princeton: Princeton University Press. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=4816498.

Hanley, Will. 2008. ‘Grieving Cosmopolitanism in Middle East Studies’. History Compass 6 (5): 1346–67. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-0542.2008.00545.x.

Hanssen, Jens, and Max Weiss, eds. 2016. Arabic Thought Beyond the Liberal Age: Towards an Intellectual History of the Nahda. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.

Hassan, Abul, and Margaret Morris Cloake. 1988. A Persian at the Court of King George 1809-10: The Journal of Mirza Abul Hassan Khan. London: Barrie & Jenkins.

Hidayat, Saadiq. 1997. The Blind Owl. Edinburgh: Rebel Inc.

Hirst, Anthony, and M. S. Silk. 2004. Alexandria, Real and Imagined. Vol. Publications for the Centre for Hellenic Studies, King’s College, London. Aldershot: Ashgate.

Holbrook, Victoria Rowe. 1994. The Unreadable Shores of Love: Turkish Modernity and Mystic Romance. Austin, Tex: University of Texas Press.

Hourani, Albert. 1983a. Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age, 1798-1939. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

———. 1983b. Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age, 1798-1939. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Cambridge University Press. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.00896.

———. 2013. A History of the Arab Peoples. New and Updated edition. London: Faber and Faber.

Hourani, Albert Habib, Philip S Khoury, and Mary C Wilson. 2004. The Modern Middle East: A Reader. 2nd ed. London: I.B. Tauris.

Howard, Douglas A. 2016. A History of the Ottoman Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Issawi, Charles. 1971. The Economic History of Iran, 1800-1914. Vol. no.8. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Jabartī, Abd al-Rahman. 2004. Napoleon in Egypt: Al-Jabartī’s Chronicle of the French Occupation, 1798. Expanded ed. in honor of Al-Jabartī’s 250th birthday. Princton, NJ: Markus Wiener.

Jabarti, Abd al-Rahman. 2008. Al-Jabarti’s History of Egypt. Markus Wiener Publishers.

Jones Brydges, Harford, ed. 1833. The Dynasty of the Kajars, the Reigning Royal Family of Persia. London: John Bohn. https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.83019.

Kafadar, Cemal. 1997. ‘The Question of Ottoman Decline’. Harvard Middle Eastern and Islamic Review 4: 30–75.

Karaveli, Halil Magnus. 2018. Why Turkey Is Authoritarian: From Ataturk to Erdogan. London: Pluto Press. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=5473162.

Karpat, Kemal H. 1985. ‘The Ottoman Emigration to America, 1860-1914’. International Journal of Middle East Studies 17 (2): 175–209. https://www.jstor.org/stable/163603.

Kasaba, Reşat, ed. 2008. The Cambridge History of Turkey - Volume 4: Turkey in the Modern World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521620963.

Kasaba, Resat. 2008. The Cambridge History of Turkey: Volume 4: Turkey in the Modern World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Kassir, Samir, and M. B. DeBevoise. 2011. Beirut. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Keddie, Nikki R. 1966. Religion and Rebellion in Iran: The Tobacco Protest of 1891-1892. Cass.

Keddie, Nikki R., and Yann Richard. 2006a. Modern Iran: Roots and Results of Revolution. Updated ed. New Haven, [Conn.]: Yale University Press.

———. 2006b. Modern Iran: Roots and Results of Revolution. Updated ed. New Haven, [Conn.]: Yale University Press.

Kerr, Malcolm H., and Gustave E. von Grunebaum. 1966. Islamic Reform: The Political and Legal Theories of Muḥammad ʻAbduh and Rashīd Riḍā. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Khater, Akram Fouad. 2011. Sources in the History of the Modern Middle East. 2nd ed. Boston, MA: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning.

Khoury, Dina Rizk. 2002. State and Provincial Society in the Ottoman Empire: Mosul, 1540-1834. Cambridge University Press.

Khuri-Makdisi, Ilham. 2013. The Eastern Mediterranean and the Making of Global Radicalism, 1860-1914. Vol. 13. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Kieser, Hans-Lukas. 2018. Talaat Pasha: Father of Modern Turkey, Architect of Genocide. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=5344268.

Kitroeff, Alexander. 2019. The Greeks and the Making of Modern Egypt. Cairo, Egypt: The American University in Cairo Press. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=6165601.

Kiyotaki, Keiko. 2019. Ottoman Land Reform in the Province of Baghdad. Leiden, The Netherlands: BRILL.

Kondo, Nobuaki. 2017. Islamic Law and Society in Iran: A Social History of Qajar Tehran. Abingdon: Routledge. https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=4834247.

Kurzman, Charles. 1998. Liberal Islam: A Sourcebook. New York: Oxford University Press.

———. 2002a. Modernist Islam, 1840-1940: A Sourcebook. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

———. 2002b. Modernist Islam, 1840-1940: A Sourcebook. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=422916.

Lambton, Ann K. S. 1987. A History of Qajar Persia: Eleven Studies. London: Tauris.

Landes, DS. 1980. Landes: Bankers & Pashas: International Finance & Economic Imperialism in Egypt. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.

‘Lausanne Peace Treaty (with Associated Agreements) | Republic of Turkey: Ministry of Foreign Affairs’. n.d. http://www.mfa.gov.tr/lausanne-peace-treaty.en.mfa.

Levi, Melih, Monica M. Ringer, and Ahmet Mithat. 2016. Felâtun Bey and Râkim Efendi: An Ottoman Novel. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press.

Lewis, Bernard. 2002. The Emergence of Modern Turkey. 3rd ed. Vol. Studies in Middle Eastern history. New York: Oxford University Press.

Lewis, Geoffrey. 2002. The Turkish Language Reform: A Catastrophic Success. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Lockman, Zachary. 2010a. Contending Visions of the Middle East: The History and Politics of Orientalism. 2nd ed. Vol. The contemporary Middle East. New York: Cambridge University Press.

———. 2010b. Contending Visions of the Middle East: The History and Politics of Orientalism. 2nd ed. Vol. 3. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.30811.

Lorentz, John H. 1971. ‘Iran’s Great Reformer of the Nineteenth Century: An Analysis of Amir Kabir’s Reforms’. Iranian Studies 4 (2): 85–103. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4310085.

Makdisi, Ussama Samir. 2000a. Culture of Sectarianism: Community, History, and Violence in Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Lebanon. Berkeley, [California]: University of California Press. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=223529.

———. 2000b. The Culture of Sectarianism: Community, History, and Violence in Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Lebanon. Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press.

Mango, Andrew. 1999. Atatürk. London: John Murray.

Mansfield, Peter, and Nicolas Pelham. 2013. A History of the Middle East. Fourth edition. London: Penguin Books.

Mardin, Serif. 2000. The Genesis of Young Ottoman Thought: A Study in the Modernization of Turkish Political Ideas. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press.

Mardin, Şerif. 2000. The Genesis of Young Ottoman Thought: A Study in the Modernization of Turkish Political Ideas. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.00916.

Martin, Vanessa. 2005. The Qajar Pact: Bargaining, Protest and the State in Nineteenth-Century Persia. Vol. Series: International library of Iranian studies; v. 4. London: I. B. Tauris.

Masters, Bruce Alan. 2013. The Arabs of the Ottoman Empire, 1516-1918: A Social and Cultural History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Mazower, Mark. 2005. Salonica, City of Ghosts: Christians, Muslims and Jews, 1430-1950. London: Harper Perennial.

McDougall, James. 2017. A History of Algeria. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

McMeekin, Sean. 2016. The Ottoman Endgame: War, Revolution, and the Making of the Modern Middle East, 1908-1923. New York, New York: Penguin Books.

Meerza, Najaf Koolee. 1839. Journal of a Residence in England, and of a Journey From and to Syria. London. https://archive.org/details/journalofresiden02naja.

Melville, Charles, Peter Avery, and Gavin Hambly. 1991. The Cambridge History of Iran: Volume 7: From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Menchinger, Ethan L. 2017. The First of the Modern Ottomans: The Intellectual History of Ahmed Vasif. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://royalholloway.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Holloway&isbn=9781108196956&uid=^u.

Minawi, Mostafa. 2016. The Ottoman Scramble for Africa: Empire and Diplomacy in the Sahara and the Hijaz. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.

Mitchell, Timothy. 1988a. Colonising Egypt. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

———. 1988b. Colonising Egypt. Berkeley: University of California Press. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft587006k2/.

Morris, Benny. 2019. The Thirty-Year Genocide. Harvard University Press.

Muwayliḥī, Muḥammad, and Roger Allen. 2015. What ʻīSā Ibn Hishām Told Us, Or, a Period of Time: Volume One. Edited by Philip F. Kennedy. Vol. Library of Arabic Literature. New York: New York University Press.

Muwayliḥī, Muḥammad, and Roger Allen. 2015. What ʻīSā Ibn Hishām Told Us, Or, a Period of Time: Volume Two. Edited by Philip F. Kennedy. Vol. Library of Arabic Literature. New York: New York University Press.

Nabavi, Negin, ed. 2016. Modern Iran: A History in Documents. Princeton: Markus Wiener Publishers.

Naff, Thomas, and Roger Owen. 1977. Studies in Eighteenth Century Islamic History. Vol. 4. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.

Nakash, Yitzhak. 1994. The Shi’is of Iraq. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

Owen, Roger. 1981a. The Middle East in the World Economy, 1800-1914. Rev. pbk. ed. London: I.B. Tauris.

———. 1981b. The Middle East in the World Economy, 1800-1914. Rev. pbk. ed. London: I.B. Tauris. https://royalholloway.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Holloway&isbn=9786000019389&uid=^u.

———. 2004. Lord Cromer: Victorian Imperialist, Edwardian Proconsul. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Pamuk, Orhan. 2006. Istanbul: Memories of a City. London: Faber.

Pamuk, Şevket. 2010. The Ottoman Empire and European Capitalism, 1820-1913: Trade, Investment and Production. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Pappé, Ilan. 2014a. The Modern Middle East: A Social and Cultural History. Third edition. London: Routledge.

———. 2014b. The Modern Middle East: A Social and Cultural History. Third edition. London: Routledge. https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=1659220.

Peters, Rudolph. 1980. ‘Idjtihad and Taqlid in 18th and 19th Century Islam’. Die Welt Des Islams 20 (3/4). https://doi.org/10.2307/1569501.

———. 1999a. ‘“For His Correction and as a Deterrent Example for Others”: Meḥmed ʿAlī’s First Criminal Legislation (1829-1830)’. Islamic Law and Society 6 (2): 164–92. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3399311.

———. 1999b. ‘“For His Correction and as a Deterrent Example for Others”: Meḥmed ʿAlī’s First Criminal Legislation (1829-1830)’. Islamic Law and Society 6 (2): 164–92. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3399311.

Philliou, Christine M. 2011. Biography of an Empire. University of California Press. https://librarysearch.royalholloway.ac.uk:443/44ROY_VU2:LSCOP_44ROY_NOTJOURNAL:44ROY_ALMA_DS5139726070002671.

Philliou, Christine May. 2011. Biography of an Empire: Governing Ottomans in an Age of Revolution. Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press.

Powers, David Stephan, Susan A. Spectorsky, and Oussama Arabi. 2013. Islamic Legal Thought: A Compendium of Muslim Jurists. Vol. volume 36. Leiden: Brill. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=1474943.

Provence, Michael. 2017. The Last Ottoman Generation and the Making of the Modern Middle East. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Quataert, Donald. 2005. The Ottoman Empire, 1700-1922. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambrige University Press.

Raymond, André. 2000. Cairo. Harvard: Harvard University Press.

Rejwan, Nissim. 2004. The Last Jews in Baghdad: Remembering a Lost Homeland. 1st ed. Austin: University of Texas Press.

Riḍā, Muḥammad Rashīd. 1996. The Muhammadan Revelation. Alexandria, Va: Al Saadawi Publications.

Robson, Laura. 2017. States of Separation: Transfer, Partition, and the Making of the Modern Middle East. Oakland, California: University of California Press.

Roderick Beaton. 2020. Greece: Biography of a Modern Nation. Penguin. https://smile.amazon.co.uk/Greece-Biography-Modern-Roderick-Beaton/dp/0141986522/ref=sr_1_1?crid=2S8TVLYIHOFOZ&keywords=greece+biography+of+a+modern+nation&qid=1582648681&sprefix=greece+biograph%2Caps%2C168&sr=8-1.

Rodogno, Davide. 2012a. Against Massacre: Humanitarian Interventions in the Ottoman Empire, 1815-1914. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

———. 2012b. Against Massacre: Humanitarian Interventions in the Ottoman Empire, 1815-1914 : The Emergence of a European Concept and International Practice. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781400840014.

Rogan, Eugene L. 2012. The Arabs: A History. 2nd ed. London: Penguin.

———. 2016. The Fall of the Ottomans: The Great War in the Middle East, 1914-1920. [London]: Penguin Books.

Safi, Omid, and Juliane Hammer. 2013. The Cambridge Companion to American Islam. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Said, Edward W. 2003. Orientalism. [New ed.]. London: Penguin.

Salibi, Kamal S. 2014. A House of Many Mansions: The History of Lebanon Reconsidered. London: I. B. Tauris.

Saracoglu, Safa. 2018. Nineteenth-Century Local Governance in Ottoman Bulgaria: Politics in Provincial Councils. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Sbayyil, `Abdallah ibn, and P. M. Kurpershoek. 2018. Arabian Romantic: Poems on Bedouin Life and Love. New York: New York University Press.

Schayegh, Cyrus. 2017. The Middle East and the Making of the Modern World. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.

Sedgwick, Mark J. 2010a. Muhammad Abduh. Oxford: Oneworld.

———. 2010b. Muhammad Abduh. Oxford: Oneworld. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=1771873.

Shaarawi, Huda, and Margot Badran. 1987. Harem Years: The Memoirs of an Egyptian Feminist, 1879-1924. New York: Feminist.

Shafiee, Katayoun. 2018. Machineries of Oil: An Infrastructural History of BP in Iran. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. https://muse.jhu.edu/book/60838/.

Sharkey, Heather J. 2017. A History of Muslims, Christians, and Jews in the Middle East. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Shidyāq, Aḥmad Fāris, Humphrey T. Davies, Aḥmad Fāris Shidyāq, and Aḥmad Fāris Shidyāq. 2014. Leg Over Leg, Or, the Turtle in the Tree: Concerning the Fāriyāq, What Manner of Creature Might He Be. New York: New York University Press.

Sohrabi, Nader. 2011. Revolution and Constitutionalism in the Ottoman Empire and Iran. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Sonbol, Amira El Azhary. 1991. The Creation of a Medical Profession in Egypt, 1800-1922. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press.

Spencer, T. J. B. 1954. Fair Greece, Sad Relic: Literary Philhellenism From Shakespeare to Byron. Weidenfeld & Nicolson.

Suny, Ronald Grigor. 2015. ‘They Can Live in the Desert but Nowhere Else’: A History of the Armenian Genocide. Princeton: Princeton University Press. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=1935076.

Suny, Ronald Grigor, Fatma Muge Gocek, and Norman M. Naimark. 2011. A Question of Genocide: Armenians and Turks at the End of the Ottoman Empire. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Suny, Ronald Grigor, Fatma Müge Göçek, and Norman M. Naimark. 2011. A Question of Genocide: Armenians and Turks at the End of the Ottoman Empire. New York: Oxford University Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780195393743.001.0001.

Ṭahṭāwī, Rifāʿah Rāfiʿ, and Daniel L. Newman. 2011. An Imam in Paris : Account of a Stay in France by an Egyptian Cleric (1826-1831) = Takhlīṣ Al-Ibrīz Fī Talkhīṣ Bārīz Aw Al-Dīwān Al-Nafīs Bi-ĪWān Bārīs. New ed. London: Saqi.

Talattof, Kamran. 1999. The Politics of Writing in Iran: A History of Modern Persian Literature. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.

Tatrean, Vahram, and Ara Sarafian. 2003. To the Desert: Pages From My Diary. Princeton: Gomidas Institute.

Temelkuran, Ece. 2010. Deep Mountain: Across the Turkish-Armenian Divide. London: Verso.

Temelkuran, Ece, and Zeynep Beler. 2015. Turkey: The Insane and the Melancholy. London: Zed Books.

Thompson, Elizabeth. 2000. Colonial Citizens: Republican Rights, Paternal Privilege, and Gender in French Syria and Lebanon. New York: Columbia University Press.

———. 2013a. Justice Interrupted: The Struggle for Constitutional Government in the Middle East. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.

———. 2013b. Justice Interrupted: The Struggle for Constitutional Government in the Middle East. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=3301287.

‘To What Strange Place: Music of the Ottoman-American Diaspora                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Box Set’. 2011. Tompkins Square.

Tolan, John Victor, Gilles Veinstein, Henry Laurens, and Jane Marie Todd. 2013a. Europe and the Islamic World: A History. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

———. 2013b. Europe and the Islamic World: A History. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=1040748.

Tripp, Charles. 2007. A History of Iraq. 3rd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Tucker, Judith E. 1985. Women in Nineteenth-Century Egypt. Vol. Cambridge Middle East library. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Cambridge University Press. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.00943.

Tuncer, Ali Coskun. 2015. Sovereign Debt and International Financial Control: The Middle East and the Balkans, 1870-1914. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=4008580.

Tūnisī, Muḥammad ibn ʻUmar. 2018a. In Darfur: An Account of the Sultanate and Its People, Volume One. Edited by Humphrey T. Davies and Devin J. Stewart. New York: New York University Press.

———. 2018b. In Darfur: An Account of the Sultanate and Its People, Volume Two. Edited by Humphrey T. Davies and Devin J. Stewart. New York: New York University Press.

Turnaoglu, Banu. 2017. The Formation of Turkish Republicanism. Princeton: Princeton University Press. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=4843070.

Tuson, Penelope. 2014. Western Women Travelling East, 1716-1916. Vol. 10. Oxford: The Arcadian Library in association with Oxford University Press.

Üngör, Uğur Ümit. 2012a. The Making of Modern Turkey: Nation and State in Eastern Anatolia, 1913-1950. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=886601.

Ungor, Ugur Umit. 2012a. The Making of Modern Turkey: Nation and State in Eastern Anatolia, 1913-1950. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=886601.

Üngör, Uğur Ümit. 2012b. The Making of Modern Turkey: Nation and State in Eastern Anatolia, 1913-1950. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Ungor, Ugur Umit. 2012b. The Making of Modern Turkey: Nation and State in Eastern Anatolia, 1913-1950. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=886601.

Vitalis, Robert. 1995. When Capitalists Collide: Business Conflict and the End of Empire in Egypt. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Walcher, Heidi A. and Iran Heritage Foundation. 2008. In the Shadow of the King: Zill Al-Sultan and Isfahan Under the Qajars. London: Tauris.

Watenpaugh, Heghnar Zeitlian. 2019. The Missing Pages: The Modern Life of a Medieval Manuscript, from Genocide to Justice. Stanford University Press; 1 edition.

Watenpaugh, Keith David. 2015. Bread From Stones: The Middle East and the Making of Modern Humanitarianism. Oakland, Calif: University of California Press. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.33072.

Weiss, Max. 2010a. In the Shadow of Sectarianism: Law, Shi’ism, and the Making of Modern Lebanon. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.

———. 2010b. In the Shadow of Sectarianism: Law, Shi’ism, and the Making of Modern Lebanon. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=3300905.

White, Benjamin Thomas. 2011. The Emergence of Minorities in the Middle East: The Politics of Community in French Mandate Syria. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=767131.

———. 2012. The Emergence of Minorities in the Middle East: The Politics of Community in French Mandate Syria. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Wilson, M. Brett. 2014. Translating the Qur’an in an Age of Nationalism: Print Culture and Modern Islam in Turkey. Vol. 11. London: Oxford University Press, in association with the Institute of Ismaili Studies.

Woodhead, Christine. 2011. The Ottoman World. Vol. The Routledge worlds. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.

Yacoub, Joseph, and James Ferguson. 2016. Year of the Sword: The Assyrian Christian Genocide : A History. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=4806694.

Yaycioglu, Ali. 2016a. Partners of the Empire: The Crisis of the Ottoman Order in the Age of Revolutions. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.

———. 2016b. Partners of the Empire: The Crisis of the Ottoman Order in the Age of Revolutions. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=4455203.

Yıldız, Aysel Danacı. 2017. Crisis and Rebellion in the Ottoman Empire: The Downfall of a Sultan in the Age of Revolution. Vol. 58. London: I.B. Tauris.

Yılmaz, Hale. 2013. Becoming Turkish: Nationalist Reforms and Cultural Negotiations in Early Republican Turkey, 1923-1945. 1st Edition. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=714595.

———. 2016. Becoming Turkish: Nationalist Reforms and Cultural Negotiations in Early Republican Turkey, 1923-1945. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press.

Zandi-Sayek, Sibel. 2012. Ottoman Izmir: The Rise of a Cosmopolitan Port, 1840-1880. Minneapolis, Minn: University of Minnesota Press.

Zaydān, Jirjī, and Samah Selim. 2012. Tree of Pearls, Queen of Egypt. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press.

Zurcher, Erik Jan. 2017. Turkey: A Modern History. Fourth edition. Vol. 27. London: I.B. Tauris. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=5340611.