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Tuson P. Western Women Travelling East, 1716-1916. Vol. 10. Oxford: The Arcadian Library in association with Oxford University Press; 2014.

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Amin Q. The Liberation of Women: And, the New Woman : Two Documents in the History of Egyptian Feminism. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press; 2000.

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Arié G, Benbassa E, Rodrigue A. A Sephardi Life in Southeastern Europe: The Autobiography and Journal of Gabriel Arié, 1863-1939. Seattle: University of Washington Press; 1998.

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Ahmad M ’Azod AD, Eskandari MM. Life at the Court of the Early Qajar Shahs. Washington, D.C.: Mage Publishers; 2014.

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Eskenazi V. Beyond Constantinople: The Memoirs of an Ottoman Jew [Internet]. London: I.B. Tauris; 2016. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=4711740

76.
Flaubert G, Steegmuller F. Flaubert in Egypt: A Sensibility on Tour. London: Bodley Head; 1972.

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83.
Der Matossian B. Shattered Dreams of Revolution: From Liberty to Violence in the Late Ottoman Empire. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press; 2014.

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Basaran B. Selim III, Social Control and Policing in Istanbul at the End of the Eighteenth Century: Between Crisis and Order [Internet]. Vol. The Ottoman Empire and its heritage: politics, society and economy. Leiden: Brill; 2014. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=1744670

90.
Sohrabi N. Revolution and Constitutionalism in the Ottoman Empire and Iran. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2011.

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Hanioglu MS. A Brief History of the Late Ottoman Empire. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press; 2010.

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Yıldız AD. Crisis and Rebellion in the Ottoman Empire: The Downfall of a Sultan in the Age of Revolution. Vol. 58. London: I.B. Tauris; 2017.

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Menchinger EL. The First of the Modern Ottomans: The Intellectual History of Ahmed Vasif [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2017. Available from: https://royalholloway.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Holloway&isbn=9781108196956&uid=^u

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Ungor UU. The Making of Modern Turkey: Nation and State in Eastern Anatolia, 1913-1950 [Internet]. 2012. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=886601

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Cohen JP. Becoming Ottomans: Sephardi Jews and Imperial Citizenship in the Modern Era [Internet]. New York: Oxford University Press; 2014. Available from: https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=3055870

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Mitchell T. Colonising Egypt. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1988.

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Kitroeff A. The Greeks and the making of modern Egypt [Internet]. Cairo, Egypt: The American University in Cairo Press; 2019. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=6165601

146.
Fahmy K. Mehmed Ali: From Ottoman Governor to Ruler of Egypt [Internet]. Oxford: Oneworld; 2009. Available from: https://royalholloway.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Holloway&isbn=9786000015084&uid=^u

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Raymond A. Cairo. Harvard: Harvard University Press; 2000.

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Ansari A. The History of Modern Iran Since 1797. 3 ed. London: Taylor & Francis Ltd; 2019.

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Algar H. Religion and State in Iran, 1785-1906: The Role of the Ulama in the Qajar Period. Berkeley: University of California Press; 1969.

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Graeber D. Debt: The First 5,000 Years. [Updated and expanded edition]. Brooklyn, New York: Melville House; 2014.

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Owen R. The Middle East in the World Economy, 1800-1914. Rev. pbk. ed. London: I.B. Tauris; 1981.

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Owen R. The Middle East in the World Economy, 1800-1914 [Internet]. Rev. pbk. ed. London: I.B. Tauris; 1981. Available from: https://royalholloway.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Holloway&isbn=9786000019389&uid=^u

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Issawi C. The Economic History of Iran, 1800-1914. Vol. no.8. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1971.

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Chatty D. Syria: The Making and Unmaking of a Refuge State. London: Hurst & Company; 2017.

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