Bibliography for HS1116: Rome to Renaissance: An Introduction to the Middle Ages BETA

A Seal of Emperor Manuel I (no date). Available at: https://www.doaks.org/resources/online-exhibits/gods-regents-on-earth-a-thousand-years-of-byzantine-imperial-seals/rulers-of-byzantium/bzs.1958.106.607.

Abulafia, D. (2004a) ‘Cities and Communes’, in Italy in the Central Middle Ages: 1000-1300. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 27–57.

Abulafia, D. (2004b) ‘Cities and Communes’, in Italy in the Central Middle Ages: 1000-1300. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 27–57. Available at: https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=1173590.

Allen Brown, R. (1955) ‘Royal Castle-Building in England, 1154-1216’, The English Historical Review, 70(276), pp. 353–398. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/559071.

Allmand, C. (1988) ‘War, People, and Nation’, in The Hundred Years War: England and France at War, c.1300-c.1450. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 136–150.

Allmand, C.T. (1973) ‘War and the Civilian Population’, in Society at War: The Experience of England and France During the Hundred Years War. New York: Barnes & Noble, pp. 131–162.

Angold, M. (1997) ‘Manuel Comnenus and the Latins’, in The Byzantine Empire, 1025-1204: A Political History. 2nd Edition. New York: Longman, pp. 226–240.

Arbman, H. (1961) The Vikings. London: Thames and Hudson.

Asbridge, T. (2004) The First Crusade: A New History. London: Free Press.

Asbridge, T.S. (2005) The First Crusade: A New History. New York: Free. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=5738265.

Asbridge, T.S. (2012) The Crusades: The War for the Holy Land. [New] ed. London: Simon & Schuster.

Audisio, G. (1999) The Waldensian Dissent: Persecution and Survival, c. 1170-c. 1570. Cambridge, U.K: Cambridge University Press.

Aurell, M. (2007) ‘For And Against the King: The Aristocracy: Between Rebellion and Submission’, in The Plantagenet Empire, 1154-1224. Harlow: Longman/Pearson Education, pp. 165–218.

Azzara, C. (2002) ‘The Papacy’, in Italy in the Early Middle Ages: 476-1000. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 102–109.

Bachrach, B.S. (1972) ‘Chapter V. The Rois Faineants and the Mayors of the Palace: 638-751’, in Merovingian Military Organization, 481-751. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, pp. 92–112.

Baker, T. (1970) ‘Extract’, in Medieval London. London: Cassell, pp. 27–162.

Barber, M. (1992a) ‘18. Art and Society’, in The Two Cities: Medieval Europe, 1050-1320. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, pp. 431–459. Available at: http://eu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=13409268530002671&institutionId=2671&customerId=2670.

Barber, M. (1992b) The Two Cities: Medieval Europe, 1050-1320. London: Routledge.

Barber, M. (2004a) ‘Art and Society’, in The Two Cities: Medieval Europe 1050-1320. 2nd Edition. London: Routledge, pp. 431–459. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=199952.

Barber, M. (2004b) ‘Popular Religion and Heresy’, in The Two Cities: Medieval Europe, 1050-1320. 2nd Edition. London: Routledge, pp. 162–185.

Barber, M. (2004c) ‘Popular Religion and Heresy’, in The Two Cities: Medieval Europe, 1050-1320. London: Routledge, pp. 162–185. Available at: https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=199952.

Barber, M. (2004d) ‘The Italian City-States’, in The Two Cities: Medieval Europe, 1050-1320. 2nd Edition. London: Routledge, pp. 238–255.

Barber, M. (2004e) ‘The Italian City-States’, in The Two Cities: Medieval Europe, 1050-1320. London: Routledge, pp. 238–255. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=199952.

Barbero, A. (2004) ‘The Rebirth of Empire’, in Charlemagne: Father of a Continent. Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 75–101.

Barbero, A. and Loring, M.I. (2005a) ‘The Catholic Visigothic Kingdom’, in The New Cambridge Medieval History: Vol. 1: c.500-c.700. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 346–370.

Barbero, A. and Loring, M.I. (2005b) ‘The Catholic Visigothic Kingdom’, in New Cambridge Medieval History Vol. 1 c.500-c.700, pp. 346–370. Available at: http://eu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=13408682560002671&institutionId=2671&customerId=2670.

Barlow, F. (1965) William I and the Norman Conquest. London: English Universities Press.

Barlow, F. (1966) ‘The Effects of the Norman Conquest’, in The Norman Conquest: Its Setting and Impact. London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, pp. 123–161.

Barlow, F. (1999) ‘The Angevin Despotism, 1189-1216’, in The Feudal Kingdom of England, 1042-1216. 5th Edition. London: Longman, pp. 310–357.

Barnwell, P.S. (1992a) ‘Barbarian Kings in Italy’, in Emperor, Prefects and Kings: the Roman West, 395-565. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, pp. 134–139.

Barnwell, P.S. (1992b) ‘The Franks and Gaul in the Sixth Century’, in Emperor, Prefects and Kings: the Roman West, 395-565. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, pp. 90–113.

Barnwell, P.S. (1992c) ‘The Vandals and Africa’, in Emperor, Prefects and Kings: the Roman West, 395-565. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, pp. 114–124.

Barraclough, G. (1979a) ‘Beginnings’, in The Medieval Papacy. London: Norton.

Barraclough, G. (1979b) The Medieval Papacy. London: Norton.

Barron, C.M. (1969) ‘Richard Whittington: The Man Behind the Myth’, in W. Kellaway and A.E.J. Hollaender (eds) Studies in London History Presented to Philip Edmund Jones. London: Hodder & Stoughton, pp. 197–248.

Barron, C.M. (1971) ‘The Quarrel of Richard II With London’, in F.R.H. Du Boulay and C.M. Barron (eds) The Reign of Richard II: Essays in Honour of May McKisack. London: University of London, Athlone Press, pp. 173–201.

Barron, C.M. (1999) ‘Richard II and London’, in Richard II: The Art of Kingship. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 197–248.

Barron, C.M. (2000a) ‘London 1300-1540’, in The Cambridge Urban History of Britain: Vol. 1: c.600-c.1540. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 395–440.

Barron, C.M. (2000b) ‘London 1300-1540’, in The Cambridge Urban History of Britain - Volume 1: c.600-c.1540. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 395–440. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521444613.

Barron, C.M. (2004a) ‘From Guilds to Companies’, in London in the Late Middle Ages: Government and People, 1200-1500. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 199–235.

Barron, C.M. (2004b) London in the Late Middle Ages: Government and People, 1200-1500. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: http://eu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=13397651290002671&institutionId=2671&customerId=2670.

Barron, C.M. (2004c) London in the Later Middle Ages: Government and People, 1200-1500. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199257775.001.0001.

Bartlett, R. (2000a) ‘4. Predatory and Punitive Rule’, in England under the Norman and Angevin kings, 1075-1225. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 48–50. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780191543647.

Bartlett, R. (2000b) ‘5. Rebellion’, in England under the Norman and Angevin kings, 1075-1225. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 51–67. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780191543647.

Bartlett, R. (2000c) England under the Norman and Angevin kings, 1075-1225. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=5552075.

Bartlett, R. (2000d) Rebellion, England Under the Norman and Angevin Kings, 1075-1225. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, pp. 51–67.

Bates, D. (1989) William the Conqueror. London: Philip.

Bates, D. (2013) ‘Extract’, in William the Conqueror. London: The History Press, pp. 57–89. Available at: https://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Holloway&isbn=9780750956499&uid=^u.

Becher, M. and Bachrach, D.S. (2003a) Charlemagne. New Haven: Yale University.

Becher, M. and Bachrach, D.S. (2003b) ‘Charlemagne, the Papacy, and the Byzantine Emperor’, in Charlemagne. New Haven: Yale University, pp. 81–98.

Becker, M.B. (1960) ‘The Republican City State in Florence: An Inquiry Into Its Origin and Survival (1280-1434)’, Speculum, 35(1), pp. 39–50. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2307/2850174.

Becker, M.B. (1965) ‘A Study in Political Failure: The Florentine Magnates: 1280-1343’, Mediaeval Studies, 27, pp. 246–308.

Beckwith, J. (1964) ‘Extract’, in Early Medieval Art: Carolingian, Ottonian, Romanesque. London: Thames & Hudson, pp. 153–174.

Bell, A.R. (2004) War and the Soldier in the Fourteenth Century. Woodbridge: Boydell Press.

Bell, M.G. (2009) ‘Crusade and Conquest’, in The Cambridge History of Christianity, Vol. 4. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521811064.

Benedictow, O.J. (2006) The Black Death, 1346-1353: The Complete History. Woodbridge: Boydell.

Berman, C.H. (2000) The Cistercian Evolution: The Invention of a Religious Order in Twelfth-Century Europe. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

Biller, P. (2009) ‘Christians and Heretics’, in The Cambridge History of Christianity, Vol. 4. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 170–186. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521811064.

Biller, P. (2014) ‘Christians and Heretics’, in The Cambridge History of Christianity: Volume 4. Cambridge University Press; Reprint edition, pp. 170–186. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521811064.

Biller, P. and Hudson, A. (1994) Heresy and Literacy, 1000-1530. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Billings, M. (2006) The Crusades: The War Against Islam 1096-1798. Stroud: Tempus.

Bird, R. (1949) ‘Extract’, in The Turbulent London of Richard II. London: Longmans, pp. 114–119.

Black, J. (2009) London: A History. Lancaster: Carnegie.

Bloch, M. (1962) ‘Chapter 2’, in Feudal Society. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

Bloch, M. (1989) ‘Chapter 2’, in Feudal Society. London: Routledge. Available at: http://eu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=13408622960002671&institutionId=2671&customerId=2670.

Boccaccio, G. (1993) ‘Introduction’, in The Decameron. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 6–13. Available at: https://librarysearch.royalholloway.ac.uk/permalink/f/1qsgd4/TN_gutenberg_s52617.

Bolton, J. (1996) ‘The World Upside Down: The Plague as an Agent of Economic and Social Change’, in The Black Death in England. Donington, Lincolnshire: Shaun Tyas, pp. 17–78.

Bony, J. (1983) French Gothic Architecture of the 12th and 13th Centuries. London: University of California Press.

Bouchard, C.B. (1991) Holy Entrepreneurs: Cistercians, Knights, and Economic Exchange in Twelfth-Century Burgundy. Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell University Press.

Bowersock, G.W., Clive, J. and Graubard, S.R. (1977) Edward Gibbon and the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.

Bowsky, W.M. (1962) ‘The Buon Governo of Siena (1287-1355): A Mediaeval Italian Oligarchy’, Speculum, 37(3), pp. 368–381. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2307/2852358.

Bowsky, W.M. (1971) The Black Death: A Turning Point in History? Huntington, N.Y.: R. E. Krieger Pub. Co.

Bowsky, W.M. (1981) ‘The Gvic Ideal’, in A Medieval Italian Commune: Siena Under the Nine, 1287-1355. Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 260–298.

Bradbury, J. (1998) The Battle of Hastings. Stroud: Sutton.

Bradbury, J. (2002) ‘“The Beginnings of Castle Warfare, 950-1050” and “Kings, Counts and Castellans, 1050-1200”’, in The Medieval Siege. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, pp. 48–92.

Breay, C. (2002a) ‘The Feudal King’, in Magna Carta: Manuscripts and Myths. London: British Library, pp. 12–17.

Breay, C. (2002b) ‘What Was in Magna Carta?’, in Magna Carta: Manuscripts and Myths. London: British Library, pp. 28–33.

Brøndsted, J. (1965) The Vikings. Penguin.

Brooke, C. (1969) ‘Extract’, in The Twelfth Century Renaissance. London: Thames & Hudson, pp. 90–143.

Brooke, C. (2000) ‘13 The Kingdom of the French’, in Europe in the Central Middle Ages, 962-1154. 3rd ed. Harlow, England: Longman, pp. 255–268.

Brooke, C. and Swaan, W. (1974) The Monastic World, 1000-1300. London: Elek.

Brown, A. (1992) The Medici in Florence: The Exercise and Language of Power. Firenze: Olschki.

Brown, A. (1999a) ‘Extract’, in The Renaissance. London: Longman, pp. 10–13. Available at: https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=1441814.

Brown, A. (1999b) ‘Extract’, in The Renaissance. 2nd Edition. London: Longman, pp. 20–26.

Brown, A. (1999c) ‘Extract’, in The Renaissance. London: Longman, pp. 20–26. Available at: https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=1441814.

Brown, A. (1999d) The Renaissance. 2nd ed. London: Longman.

Brown, R. A. (1969) ‘The Norman Conquest and the Genesis of English Castles’, in Chateau Gaillard European Castle Studies, III: conference at Battle, Sussex, 19-24 September 1966. London: Phillimore, pp. 1–14.

Brown, R. A (1969) ‘The Norman Conquest and the Genesis of English Castles’, in A.J. Taylor (ed.) Chateau Gaillard European Castle Studies, III: Conference at Battle, Sussex, 19-24 September 1966. London: Phillimore, pp. 1–14.

Brown, R. Allen (1969) The Normans and the Norman Conquest. London: Constable.

Brown, R.A. (1976) English Castles. 3rd Revised Edition. London: Batsford.

Brown, R.A. (1980) ‘The Battle of Hastings’, Proceedings of the Battle Conference on Anglo-Norman Studies, III, 1980, pp. 1–21.

Brown, R.A. (1984) The Norman Conquest. London: Arnold.

Brucker, G. (1969) Renaissance Florence. New York: Wiley.

Brucker, G.A. (1983a) Renaissance Florence. London: University of California Press. Available at: http://eu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=13397651280002671&institutionId=2671&customerId=2670.

Brucker, G.A. (1983b) Renaissance Florence. Berkeley: University of California Press. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.02002.

Brucker, G.A. (1983c) Renaissance Florence. Berkeley: University of California Press. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.02002.

Bryer, A.A.M. (1981) ‘The First Encounter With the West AD 1050-1204’, in Byzantium: An Introduction. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 85–110.

Bull, M. (1993) ‘The Roots of Lay Enthusiasm for the First Crusade’, History, 78(254), pp. 353–372. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-229X.1993.tb02249.x.

Bull, M. (1995) ‘Origins’, in The Oxford Illustrated History of the Crusades. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 13–33.

Bull, M. (1999) ‘Origins’, in The Oxford History of the Crusades. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 13–33. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780191540233.

Bull, M. (2014) ‘Crusade and Conquest’, in The Cambridge History of Christianity - Volume 4: Christianity in Western Europe, c.1100–c.1500. Cambridge University Press; Reprint Edition, pp. 340–352. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521811064.

Bull, M. and Leglu, C. (2005) The World of Eleanor of Aquitaine: Literature and Society in Southern France Between the Eleventh and Thirteenth Centuries. Woodbridge: Boydell Press.

Burton, J. (1994) ‘“Religious Houses and the Wider Community: Founders, Patrons and Benefactors”, “The Monastic Economy” and “On the Brink of Change”’, in Monastic and Religious Orders in Britain 1000-1300. Cambridge: University.

Busch, H. and Lohse, B. (1959) Gothic Europe. London: Batsford.

Cameron, A. (1993a) ‘The Empire, The Barbarians, and The Late Roman Army’, in The Mediterranean World in Late Antiquity, AD 395-600. London: Routledge, pp. 36–49.

Cameron, A. (1993b) ‘The Empire, The Barbarians, and The Late Roman Army’, in The Mediterranean World in Late Antiquity, AD 395-600. London: Routledge, pp. 36–49. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780203134207.

Cameron, E. (2000) Waldenses: Rejections of Holy Church in Medieval Europe. Oxford: Blackwell.

Cantor, N.F. (1968) The Medieval World, 300-1300. 2nd ed. New York: Macmillan.

Carpenter, D.A. (1999a) ‘The Plantagenet Kings’, in The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume 5: c.1198–c.1300. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 314–357.

Carpenter, D.A. (1999b) ‘The Plantagenet Kings’, in The New Cambridge Medieval History - Volume 5: c.1198–c.1300. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 314–357. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521362894.

Castor, H. (2011) She-Wolves: The Women Who Ruled England Before Elizabeth. London: Faber and Faber.

Caudrey, P.J. (2019a) Military society and the court of chivalry in the age of the Hundred Years War. Woodbridge: Boydell Press.

Caudrey, P.J. (2019b) Military society and the court of chivalry in the age of the Hundred Years War. Woodbridge, Suffolk: The Boydell Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=5646548.

Chadwick, H. (1967) ‘“The Papacy” and “The Church and the Barbarians”’, in The Early Church. Harmondsworth: Penguin.

Chazan, R. (2006a) The Jews of Medieval Western Christendom, 1000-1500. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Chazan, R. (2006b) The Jews of Medieval Western Christendom, 1000-1500. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Holloway&isbn=9780511567780&uid=^u.

Chejne, A.G. (1974) ‘Conquest of Spain and the Emirate’, in Muslim Spain, Its History and Culture. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, pp. 3–31.

Chibnall, M. (1986) ‘The First Phases of Conquest’, in Anglo-Norman England, 1066-1166. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 9–43.

Chibnall, M. (1999) ‘6. The Later Twentieth Century: From Feudalism to Lordship’, in The Debate on the Norman Conquest. Manchester University Press, pp. 79–96.

Chibnall, M. (2004) ‘England and Normandy, 1042-1137’, in The New Cambridge Medieval History: Vol. 4: c.1024-c.1198. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Chibnall, Marjorie (2004) ‘England and Normandy, 1042-1137’, in The New Cambridge Medieval History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 191–216. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521414111.

Clanchy, M.T. (1983) ‘Extract’, in England and Its Rulers, 1066-1272: Foreign Lordship and National Identity. S.l.: Fontana, pp. 37–65.

Clanchy, M.T. (1998) ‘The Commune of England (1258-72)’, in England and Its Rulers, 1066-1272. 2nd Edition with an Eipologue on Edward I, 1272–1307. Oxford: Blackwell.

Clark, J.G. (2011) The Benedictines in the Middle Ages. Woodbridge: Boydell. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781846159473.

Clarke, H. and Ambrosiani, B. (1990) ‘Extract’, in Towns in the Viking Age. Leicester: Leicester University Press, pp. 90–106.

Clarke, P. and Duggan, A. (2012a) ‘Alexander III and Byzantium’, in Pope Alexander III (1159-81): The Art of Survival. Routledge, pp. 301–313.

Clarke, P. and Duggan, A. (2012b) ‘Alexander III and Byzantium’, in Pope Alexander III (1159-81): The Art of Survival. Farnham: Ashgate, pp. 301–313. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781409442295.

Clarke, P.C. (1991) The Soderini and the Medici: Power and Patronage in Fifteenth-Century Florence. Oxford: Clarendon.

Cleary, A.S.E. (1990) The Ending of Roman Britain. Savage, Md: Barnes & Noble.

Cohen, J. (1982a) The Friars and the Jews: The Evolution of Medieval Anti-Judaism. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Available at: http://eu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=13398651180002671&institutionId=2671&customerId=2670.

Cohen, J. (1982b) The Friars and the Jews: The Evolution of Medieval Anti-Judaism. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Available at: http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.01179.

Cohn, S.K. (1992a) The Cult of Remembrance and the Black Death: Six Renaissance Cities in Central Italy. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Cohn, S.K. (1992b) The Cult of Remembrance and the Black Death: Six Renaissance Cities in Central Italy. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.01262.

Cohn, S.K. (2002) The Black Death Transformed: Disease and Culture in Early Renaissance Europe. London: Arnold.

Collins, R. (1989) ‘“A Developing Kingdom” and “Adjusting to Conquest”’, in The Arab Conquest of Spain, 710-797. Oxford: Blackwell.

Collins, R. (1991a) ‘The New Constantine’, in Early Medieval Europe, 300-1000. Basingstoke: Macmillan, pp. 291–308.

Collins, R. (1991b) ‘Towards a New Western Empire, 714–800’, in Early Medieval Europe, 300-1000. Basingstoke: Macmillan, pp. 262–290.

Collins, R. (1995) ‘The Arab Conquest’, in Early Medieval Spain: Unity in Diversity, 400-1000. 2nd Edition. Basingstoke: Macmillan, pp. 144–179.

Collins, R. (1998) ‘The Imperial Coronation of 800 and its Aftermath’, in Charlemagne. London: Macmillan, pp. 141–159.

Collins, R. (1999) Early Medieval Europe, 300-1000. 2nd ed. New York: St. Martin’s Press.

Collins, R. (2010a) ‘Constantinople, Persia and the Arabs’, in Early Medieval Europe, 300-1000. 3rd Edition. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.

Collins, R. (2010b) Keepers of the Keys of Heaven: A History of the Papacy. London: Phoenix.

Constable, G. (1996) ‘The Realities of Reform: (2) Monastic Activities and Relations With Secular Society’, in The Reformation of the Twelfth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Contamine, P. and Jones, M. (1986) ‘Medieval Society in its Prime From the Mid-Twelfth to the Early Fourteenth Century: Fortifications’, in War in the Middle Ages. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, pp. 101–115.

Coulson, C. (1992) ‘Some Analysis of the Castle of Bodiam, East Sussex’, in R. Harvey and C. Harper-Bill (eds) The Ideals and Practice of Medieval Knighthood IV: Papers From the Fifth Strawberry Hill Conference, 1990 / Edited by Christopher Harper-Bill and Ruth Harvey. Woodbridge: Boydell, pp. 51–107.

Coupland, S. (1995a) ‘The Vikings in Francia and Anglo-Saxon England to 911’, in The New Cambridge Medieval History: Vol. 2: C. 700-C. 900. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 190–201.

Coupland, S. (1995b) ‘The Vikings in Francia and Anglo-Saxon England to 911’, in The New Cambridge Medieval History - Volume 2: C. 700-C. 900. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 190–201. Available at: https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/new-cambridge-medieval-history/810701D6D8EE32B45163DF10B2A8B029.

Coupland, S. (1999) ‘The Frankish Tribute Payments to the Vikings and their Consequences’, Francia: Forschungen zur westeuropäischen, 26(1), pp. 57–75.

Cowdrey, H.E.J. (1984) ‘The Genesis of the Crusades: The Springs of the Holy War’, in Popes, Monks and Crusaders. London: Hambledon.

Curry, A. (1993) The Hundred Years War. Basingstoke: Macmillan.

Daly, W.M. (1994) ‘Clovis: How Barbaric, How Pagan?’, Speculum, 69(3), pp. 619–664. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2307/3040846.

Danziger, D. and Gillingham, J. (2004) ‘“The Great Charter” and “The Myth”’, in 1215: The Year of Magna Carta. London: Coronet, pp. 255–284.

Dark, K. (2000) ‘Eastern Britain in the later fifth and sixth centuries’, in Britain and the End of the Roman Empire. Stroud: Tempus, pp. 58–104.

Davis, R.H.C. (1976) ‘Extract’, in The Normans and Their Myth. London: Thames & Hudson, pp. 103–132.

Davis, R.H.C. and Moore, R.I. (2005) ‘Part Two: 3.Monasticism in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries’, in A History of Medieval Europe From Constantine to Saint Louis. 3rd ed. Harlow, England: Longman, pp. 284–302.

Davis, R.H.C. and Moore, R.I. (2006a) ‘2. The Barbarian Invasions’, in A History of Medieval Europe From Constantine to Saint Louis. 3rd ed. Harlow, England: Longman, pp. 25–41.

Davis, R.H.C. and Moore, R.I. (2006b) ‘2. The Barbarian Invasions’, in A History of Medieval Europe. Harlow: Pearson Longman, pp. 25–41. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781315835440.

Davis, R.H.C. and Moore, R.I. (2006c) ‘3.2 Three Reactions to the Barbarian Invasions: Theodoric the Ostrogoth’, in A History of Medieval Europe From Constantine to Saint Louis. 3rd ed. Harlow, England: Longman, pp. 48–58.

Davis, R.H.C. and Moore, R.I. (2006d) ‘3.2 Three Reactions to the Barbarian Invasions: Theodoric the Ostrogoth’, in A History of Medieval Europe. Harlow: Pearson Longman, pp. 48–58. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781315835440.

Davis, R.H.C. and Moore, R.I. (2006e) ‘4. The Church and the Papacy’, in A History of Medieval Europe. Harlow: Pearson Longman, pp. 71–94. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781315835440.

Davis, R.H.C. and Moore, R.I. (2006f) ‘5. Islam’, in A History of Medieval Europe From Constantine to Saint Louis. 3rd ed. Harlow, England: Longman, pp. 95–115.

Davis, R.H.C. and Moore, R.I. (2006g) ‘5. Islam’, in A History of Medieval Europe. Harlow: Pearson Longman, pp. 95–115. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781315835440.

Davis, R.H.C. and Moore, R.I. (2006h) ‘6. The Franks: The Transference of Power From the Merovingians to the Carolingians (639-751); Charlemagne (768-814)’, in A History of Medieval Europe. Harlow: Pearson Longman, pp. 129–160. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781315835440.

Davis, R.H.C. and Moore, R.I. (2006i) ‘7. The Break-up of the Carolingian Empire: Postscript: The Vikings’, in A History of Medieval Europe. Harlow: Pearson Longman, pp. 186–189. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781315835440.

Davis, R.H.C. and Moore, R.I. (2006j) A History of Medieval Europe From Constantine to Saint Louis. 3rd ed. Harlow, England: Longman.

Davis, R.H.C. and Moore, R.I. (2006k) A History of Medieval Europe From Constantine to Saint Louis. Harlow: Pearson Longman. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781315835440.

Davis, R.H.C. and Moore, R.I. (2006l) A History of Medieval Europe From Constantine to Saint Louis. 3rd ed. Harlow, England: Longman. Available at: http://eu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=13397736140002671&institutionId=2671&customerId=2670.

Davis, R.H.C. and Moore, R.I. (2006m) A History of Medieval Europe From Constantine to Saint Louis. Harlow: Pearson Longman. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781315835440.

Davis, R.H.C. and Moore, R.I. (2006n) ‘Jerusalem Regained and Lost: The First Three Crusades’, in A History of Medieval Europe From Constantine to Saint Louis. 3rd Edition. Harlow, England: Longman, pp. 303–322.

Davis, R.H.C. and Moore, R.I. (2006o) ‘Part Two: 3.Monasticism in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries’, in A History of Medieval Europe from Constantine to Saint Louis. Harlow: Pearson Longman, pp. 284–302. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781315835440.

Davis, R.H.C. and Moore, R.I. (2006p) ‘Part Two, 4. Jerusalem Regained and Lost: The First Three Crusades’, in A History of Medieval Europe. Harlow: Pearson Longman, pp. 303–322. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781315835440.

Davis, R.H.C. and Moore, R.I. (2006q) ‘Part Two: 7. The Crisis of the Church: 2: St Francis (1182-1226): Inspiration and Authority’, in A History of Medieval Europe from Constantine to Saint Louis. Harlow: Pearson Longman, pp. 388–401. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781315835440.

Davis, R.H.C. and Moore, R.I. (2006r) ‘Part Two: Introduction’, in A History of Medieval Europe From Constantine to Saint Louis. 3rd Edition. Harlow, England: Longman, pp. 225–232.

Davis, R.H.C. and Moore, R.I. (2006s) ‘Part Two: Introduction’, in A History of Medieval Europe. Harlow: Pearson Longman, pp. 225–232. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781315835440.

Davis, R.H.C. and Moore, R.I. (2006t) ‘The Break-up of the Carolingian Empire: Postscript: The Vikings’, in A History of Medieval Europe From Constantine to Saint Louis. 3rd ed. Harlow, England: Longman, pp. 186–189.

Davis, R.H.C. and Moore, R.I. (2006u) ‘The Church and the Papacy’, in A History of Medieval Europe From Constantine to Saint Louis. 3rd ed. Harlow, England: Longman, pp. 71–94.

Davis, R.H.C. and Moore, R.I. (2006v) ‘The Crisis of the Church: St Francis (1182-1226) - Inspiration and Authority’, in A History of Medieval Europe From Constantine to Saint Louis. 3rd Edition. Harlow, England: Longman, pp. 388–401.

Davis, R.H.C. and Moore, R.I. (2006w) ‘“The Franks: The Transference of Power From the Merovingians to the Carolingians (639-751)” and “Charlemagne (768-814)”’, in A History of Medieval Europe From Constantine to Saint Louis. 3rd Edition. Harlow, England: Longman, pp. 129–160.

DeAragon, R.C. (2002) ‘Wife, Widow, and Mother: Some Comparisons Between Eleanor of Aquitaine and Noblewoman of the Anglo-Norman and Angevin World’, in Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord and Lady. Basingstoke: Palgrave, pp. 97–114.

Decrees of the Fourth Laterian Council, 1215: Canon 3 on Heretics and Canons 67-70 on Jews (no date). Available at: https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/basis/lateran4.asp.

Dickinson, J.C. (1961) Monastic Life in Medieval England. Black.

Douglas, D.C. (1964) William the Conqueror: The Norman Impact Upon England. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode.

Douglas, D.C. (1969) ‘Norman Conquests 1050-1100’, in The Norman Achievement, 1050-1100. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, pp. 44–53.

Duby, G. (1997) Women of the Twelfth Century. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.

Dunn, M. (2000) The Emergence of Monasticism: From the Desert Fathers to the Early Middle Ages. Oxford: Blackwell.

Dutton, P.E. (1993) ‘The Annals of Lorsch’, in Carolingian Civilization: A Reader. Peterborough, Ont: Broadview, pp. 11–12.

Edwards, J. (1994a) The Jews in Western Europe, 1400-1600. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

Edwards, J. (1994b) The Jews in Western Europe, 1400-1600. Manchester: Manchester University Press. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.medievalsources.co.uk/jewsinwest.htm.

Esmonde Cleary, A.S. (2000) The Ending of Roman Britain. London: Routledge. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780203470046.

Evans, A.C. (1994) The Sutton Hoo Ship Burial. Rev. ed. London: Published for the Trustees of the British Museum by British Museum Press.

Evans, J. (1931) Monastic Life at Cluny, 910-1157. London: Oxford University Press.

Evans, M. (2009) ‘A Remarkable Woman? Popular Historians and the Image of Eleanor of Aquitaine’, in Defining Medievalism(s) II. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer, pp. 244–264. Available at: https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=661909.

Farrell, R.T. (1982) The Vikings. London: Phillimore.

Fitzstephen, W. (1968) ‘Description of London in 1173’, in The Medieval World, 300-1300. 2nd ed. New York: Macmillan, pp. 252–257.

Folz, R. (1974) The Coronation of Charlemagne, 25 December 800. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.

Foot, S. (1996) ‘The Making of Angelcynn: English Identity Before the Norman Conquest’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 6, pp. 25–49. Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/3679228?sid=primo&origin=crossref.

Foote, P. and Wilson, D.M. (1990) ‘Extract’, in The Viking Achievement: The Society and Culture of Early Medieval Scandinavia. 1st Joint Edition Reprint. London: Sidgwick and Jackson, pp. 195–203.

Fouracre, P. (1995a) ‘Frankish Gaul to 814’, in The New Cambridge Medieval History: Vol. 2: c.700-c.900. [Place of publication not identified]: Cambridge University Press.

Fouracre, P. (1995b) ‘Frankish Gaul to 814’, in The New Cambridge Medieval History: Vol. 2: c.700-c.900. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 85–109. Available at: http://eu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=13409268610002671&institutionId=2671&customerId=2670.

Fouracre, P. (2000) ‘Francia Under the Hammer: Military Organisation’, in The Age of Charles Martel. Harlow: Longman, pp. 145–150.

Frankl, P. (1962a) Gothic Architecture. Harmondsworth: Penguin.

Frankl, P. (1962b) ‘The Early Gothic Period’, in Gothic Architecture. Harmondsworth: Penguin, pp. 34–78.

Frankl, P. (1962c) ‘The Transition’, in Gothic Architecture. Harmondsworth: Penguin, pp. 15–33.

Frere, S. (1991) Britannia: A History of Roman Britain. 3rd rev. ed. London: Pimlico.

Froissart, J. and Brereton, G. (1968) Chronicles. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.

Fubini, R. (2015) ‘Lorenzo the Magnificent’s Regime: Aims, Image and Constitutional Framework’, in R. Black and J.E. Law (eds) The Medici: Citizens and Masters. 1st Edition. Florence: Villa I Tatti, the Harvard University Center for Italian Renaissance Studies, pp. 61–84.

Ganshof, F.L. (1949) The Imperial Coronation of Charlemagne: Theories and Facts. Glasgow: Jackson.

Garmonsway, G.N. (1953) ‘Account of the Viking Raid on Lindisfarne in 793’, in The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. London: Dent, pp. 56–57.

Gearon, E. (2011) ‘The Arab Invasions’, History Today. Available at: https://www.historytoday.com/eamonn-gearon/arab-invasions-first-islamic-empire.

Geary, P.J. (1998) Readings in Medieval History: Vol. 2: The Later Middle Ages. 2nd ed. Peterborough, Ont: Broadview Press.

Genet, J.-P. (1984) ‘English Nationalism: Thomas Polton and the Council of Constance’, Nottingham Mediaeval Studies, 28, pp. 60–78.

Gerson, P.L. (1986) Abbot Suger and Saint-Denis: A Symposium. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art.

Gibbs-Smith, C.H. (1973) The Bayeux Tapestry. London: Phaidon.

Gillingham, J. (1984) ‘Extract’, in The Angevin Empire. London: Arnold, pp. 65–85.

Gillingham, J. (1994) ‘Magna Carta and Royal Government’, in Richard Coeur De Lion: Kingship, Chivalry and War in the Twelfth Century. London: Hambledon, pp. 201–209.

Gillingham, J. (1995) ‘Events and Opinions: Norman and English Views of Aquitaine, c.1152-c.1204’, in The World of Eleanor of Aquitaine: Literature and Society in Southern France Between the Eleventh and Thirteenth Centuries. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, pp. 57–81.

Giovanni Villani, Florentine Chronicle (no date). Available at: https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/source/villani.asp.

Goffart, W.A. (1980) Barbarians and Romans: A.D. 418-584: The Techniques of Accommodation. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, pp. 3–5.

Golding, B. (1994) Conquest and Colonisation: The Normans in Britain, 1066-1100. New York: St. Martin’s.

Goldthwaite, R.A. (1987) ‘The Medici Bank and the World of Florentine Capitalism’, Past and Present, 114(1), pp. 3–31. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/past/114.1.3.

Goldthwaite, R.A. (1995) ‘The Medici Bank and the World of Florentine Capitalism’, in Banks, Palaces and Entrepreneurs in Renaissance Florence. Aldershot: Variorum, pp. 3–31.

Gottfried, R.S. (1983) The Black Death: Natural and Human Disaster in Medieval Europe. New York: Free Press.

Graham-Campbell, J. and Kidd, D. (1980) The Vikings. London: Published for the Trustees of the British Museum by British Museum Publications Limited.

Green, L. (1999a) ‘Florence’, in The New Cambridge Medieval History: Vol. 5: c.1198-1300. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 479–497.

Green, L. (1999b) ‘Florence’, in The New Cambridge Medieval History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 479–497. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521362894.

Gregory, T.E. (2005) ‘Extract’, in A History of Byzantium, 306-1453. Malden, Mass: Blackwell Pub, pp. 304–308. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=228571.

Gregory, T.E. (2010) A History of Byzantium. 2nd ed. Chichester, U.K.: Wiley-Blackwell.

Gummer, B. (2010) The Scourging Angel: The Black Death in the British Isles. London: Vintage.

Gutkind, C.S. (1938) ‘Extract’, in Cosimo De’ Medici: Pater Patriae, 1389-1464. Oxford: Clarendon, pp. 106–123.

Harris, A. (2003) ‘Trading Exchange’, in Byzantium, Britain & the West: The Archaeology of Cultural Identity, AD 400-650. Stroud: Tempus, pp. 41–72.

Harris, J. (2014) ‘The Friend of the Latins’, in Byzantium and the Crusades. 2nd Edition. London: Bloomsbury Academic, pp. 99–120.

Harris, J. (2016a) ‘The Enemy Within’, in The Lost World of Byzantium. New Haven: Yale University Press, pp. 177–197.

Harris, J. (2016b) ‘The Enemy Within’, in The Lost World of Byzantium. New Haven: Yale University Press, pp. 177–197. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=3446690.

Harris, J. (2017) Constantinople: Capital of Byzantium. 2nd Edition. London: Bloomsbury Academic.

Harriss, G. (2005a) ‘Agrarian Society’, in Shaping the Nation: England, 1360-1461. Oxford: Clarendon, pp. 214–242.

Harriss, G. (2005b) ‘England, France, and Christendom, 1306-1413’, in Shaping the Nation: England, 1360-1461. Oxford: Clarendon, pp. 405–432.

Harriss, G. (2005c) ‘Trade, Industry, and Towns: Urban Society’, in Shaping the Nation: England, 1360-1461. Oxford: Clarendon, pp. 281–309.

Harvey, J. (1950) ‘Extract’, in The Gothic World, 1100-1600: A Survey of Architecture and Art. London: Batsford, pp. 59–71.

Harvey, R. (1995) ‘Eleanor of Aquitaine and the Troubadours’, in The World of Eleanor of Aquitaine: Literature and Society in Southern France Between the Eleventh and Thirteenth Centuries. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, pp. 101–114.

Hatcher, J. (1977) Plague, Population and the English Economy, 1348-1530. London: Macmillan.

Hatcher, J. (1994) ‘England in the Aftermath of the Black Death.’, Past & Present, (144), pp. 3–35. Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/651142.

Hay, D. and Law, J.E. (1989) ‘Extract’, in Italy in the Age of the Renaissance, 1380-1530. London: Longman, pp. 248–260.

Heather, P. (1998) ‘Ostrogothic Italy: Kingdom and Empire’, in The Goths. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers, pp. 216–258.

Heather, P. (2006) The Fall of the Roman Empire. London: Pan.

Heather, P. (2011) The Fall of Rome. Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/fallofrome_article_01.shtml.

Heather, P.J. (2010) Empires and Barbarians: The Fall of Rome and the Birth of Europe. New York: Oxford University Press.

Henderson, E.F. (1896) Select Historical Documents of the Middle Ages. London: Bell.

Herlihy, D. and Cohn, S.K. (1997) The Black Death and the Transformation of the West. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.

Herrin, J. (2001a) ‘The Achievement of Gregory the Great’, in The Formation of Christendom. London: Phoenix, pp. 145–182.

Herrin, J. (2001b) ‘“The Carolingian Innovation” and “The Two Emperors of Christendom”’, in The Formation of Christendom. London: Phoenix, pp. 390–476.

Hibbert, C. (1974a) The Rise and Fall of the House of Medici. London: Allen Lane.

Hibbert, C. (1974b) The Rise and Fall of the House of Medici. London: Allen Lane.

Hicks, L.V. (2009) ‘Magnificent Entrances and Undignified Exits: Chronicling the Symbolism of Castle Space in Normandy’, Journal of Medieval History, 35(1), pp. 52–69. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmedhist.2009.01.001.

Hillenbrand, C. (2005a) ‘Muhammad and the Rise of Islam’, in The New Cambridge Medieval History: Vol. 1: c.500-c.700. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 317–345. Available at: http://eu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=13408682580002671&institutionId=2671&customerId=2670.

Hillenbrand, C. (2005b) ‘Muhammad and the Rise of Islam’, in New Cambridge Medieval History Vol. 1 c.500-c.700, pp. 317–345. Available at: http://eu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=13409268650002671&institutionId=2671&customerId=2670.

Hitchcock, R. (2014) ‘The Invasion of the Iberian Peninsula - the Eighth Century’, in Muslim Spain Reconsidered: From 711 to 1502. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pp. 14–39.

Hollister, C.W. (1969) ‘Extract’, in The Twelfth-Century Renaissance. New York: Wiley, pp. 121–135.

Holmes, G. (1988a) The Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Holmes, G. (1988b) The Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Holmes, G. (1988c) The Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Holmes, G. (1988d) The Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Holmes, G. (1988e) ‘The Society of Northern Europe in the High Middle Ages, 900-1200’, in The Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Holmes, G. (1988f) ‘The Society of Northern Europe in the High Middle Ages, 900-1200’, in The Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Holmes, G. (2000) ‘Extract’, in Europe: Hierarchy and Revolt, 1320-1450. 2nd Edition. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 67–83.

Holt, J.C. (1992) ‘Crisis and Civil War’, in Magna Carta. 2nd Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Hook, J. (1978) ‘The Rule of the Nine in Siena. (1285-1355)’, History Today, 28(1), pp. 23–30. Available at: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1299021356?OpenUrlRefId=info:xri/sid:primo&accountid=11455.

Horrox, R. (1994) The Black Death. Manchester: Manchester University Press. Available at: http://eu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=13397736130002671&institutionId=2671&customerId=2670.

Horrox, R. (2000) The Black Death. Manchester University Press. Available at: http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/mmso/16t53e.

Housley, N. (2006) ‘The Development of Crusading in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries’, in Contesting the Crusades. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub, pp. 48–74.

Housley, N. (2008) Fighting for the Cross: Crusading to the Holy Land. London: Yale University Press.

Houts, E.N.C.V. (2000) ‘III: The Normans and Britain: The Norman Conquest’, in The Normans in Europe. Manchester University Press, pp. 102–181. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.medievalsources.co.uk/normans.htm.

Hudson, J. (2011) Overview: The Normans, 1066 - 1154. Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/normans/overview_normans_01.shtml.

Humphries, M. (2000) ‘Italy AD 425-605’, in Late Antiquity: Empire and Successors, Ad 425-600. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 525–551. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521325912.

Huscroft, R. (2004a) ‘6. Ruling the Kingdom, 1066-1154’, in Ruling England, 1042-1217. Harlow: Pearson/Longman, pp. 111–143. Available at: https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=1596517.

Huscroft, R. (2004b) ‘Ruling the Kingdom, 1066-1154’, in Ruling England, 1042-1217. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis, pp. 111–143. Available at: https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=1596517.

Huscroft, R. (2004c) ‘The Reigns, 1154-1217’, in Ruling England, 1042-1217. Harlow: Pearson/Longman, pp. 172–184.

Huscroft, R. (2004d) ‘The Reigns, 1154-1217’, in Ruling England, 1042-1217. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis, pp. 172–184. Available at: https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=1596517.

Hyde, J.K. (1972a) ‘Contemporary Views on Faction and Civil Strife in 13th and 14th Century Italy’, in L. Martines (ed.) Violence and Civil Disorder in Italian Cities, 1200-1500. Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 273–307.

Hyde, J.K. (1972b) ‘Contemporary Views on Faction and Civil Strife in 13th and 14th Century Italy’, in Violence and Civil Disorder in Italian Cities, 1200-1500. Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 273–307. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.01282.

Hyde, J.K. (1973a) ‘Politics in the Age of Dante’, in Society and Politics in Medieval Italy: The Evolution of the Civil Life, 1000-1350. London: Macmillan, pp. 124–152.

Hyde, J.K. (1973b) ‘The Flowering of the “Vita Civile”’, in Society and Politics in Medieval Italy: The Evolution of the Civil Life, 1000-1350. London: Macmillan, pp. 153–177.

Ibeji, M. (no date) King John and Magna Carta. Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/middle_ages/magna_01.shtml.

Inwood, S. (1998) ‘Medieval London, 1066-1520’, in A History of London. London: Macmillan, pp. 53–148.

Jackson, R.A. (1969) ‘The “Traite du Sacre” of Jean Golein’, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 113(4), pp. 305–324. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/986155.

James, E. (2009a) ‘Assimilation, Acculturation and Accommodation’, in Europe’s Barbarians, AD 200-600. 1st ed. Harlow: Pearson/Longman, pp. 193–214. Available at: http://eu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=13397717160002671&institutionId=2671&customerId=2670.

James, E. (2009b) ‘Assimilation, Acculturation and Accommodation’, in Europe’s Barbarians, AD 200-600. Harlow: Longman, pp. 193–214. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781315835563.

Jamroziak, E. (2013) The Cistercian Order in Medieval Europe, 1090-1500. New York: Routledge.

Jansen, K.L. (2009) ‘Giovanni Villani on the Origins of the Guelfs and Ghibellines in Florence (ca. 1300)’, in Medieval Italy: Texts in Translation. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, pp. 127–130. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=3441910.

Joan of Arc Writes to the English King (no date). Available at: https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/source/joanofarc.asp.

Johnson, M. (2002a) Behind the Castle Gate: From Medieval to Renaissance. London: Routledge. Available at: https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=1433539.

Johnson, M. (2002b) Behind the Castle Gate: From the Middle Ages to the Renaissance. London: Routledge.

Jones, J.A.P. (1971) King John and Magna Carta. London: Longman.

Jones, M. (2000a) ‘The Last Capetians and the Early Valois Kings, 1314-64’, in The New Cambridge Medieval History: Vol. 6: c.1300-c.1415. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 388–421.

Jones, M. (2000b) ‘The Last Capetians and the Early Valois Kings, 1314-64’, in The New Cambridge Medieval History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 388–421. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521362900.

Jones, P. (1997) ‘Sovereignty and State-Building. The Branches of Government. Self-Government, Forms and Pretensions. Church, State, Civic Religion’, in The Italian City-State: From Commune to Signoria. Oxford: Clarendon, pp. 359–440.

Jones, R.J.C. (1999) ‘Fortifications and Sieges in Western Europe, c.800-1450’, in M. Keen (ed.) Medieval Warfare: A History. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 163–185.

Jordan, W.C. (1989) The French Monarchy and the Jews: From Philip Augustus to the Last Capetians. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.

Jotischky, A. (1995) The Perfection of Solitude: Hermits and Monks in the Crusader States. University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University Press.

Jotischky, A. (2004) ‘The Western Knighthood on the Eve of the First Crusade’, in Crusading and the Crusader States. Harlow: Pearson/Longman, pp. 30–38.

Kaborycha, L. (2011) ‘The Medici - Where Did They Come From?’, in A Short History of Renaissance Italy. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall, pp. 108–116.

Kapelle, W.E. (1979) ‘The Rule of  Tostig and the Destruction of the Nobles of York’, in The Norman Conquest of the North: The Region and Its Transformation, 1000-1135. London: Croom Helm, pp. 109–119.

Kazhdan, A. and Talbot, A.-M.M. (1991) The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. New York: Oxford University Press.

Kazhdan, A.P. (1991) The Oxford dictionary of Byzantium. New York: Oxford University Press. Available at: http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195046526.001.0001/acref-9780195046526.

Keen, M. (1991) ‘9. The Crusades’, in The Penguin History of Medieval Europe. London: Penguin, pp. 117–134.

Keene, D. (2000) ‘London From the Post-Roman Period to 1300’, in The Cambridge Urban History of Britain - Volume 1: c.600-c.1540. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 187–216.

Kelly, A.R. (1991) Eleanor of Aquitaine and the Four Kings. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.

Kennedy, H. (1995a) ‘The Muslims in Europe’, in The New Cambridge Medieval History - Volume 2: c.700-c.900. Cambridge University Press, pp. 249–271.

Kennedy, H. (1995b) ‘The Muslims in Europe’, in The New Cambridge Medieval History - Volume 2: c.700-c.900. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 249–271. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521362924.

Kennedy, H. (1996) ‘The Conquest and the Age of the Amirs, 711-56’, in Muslim Spain and Portugal: A Political History of Al-Andalus. London: Longman, pp. 1–22.

Kennedy, H. (2008) ‘Furthest East and Furthest West’, in The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live In. London: Phoenix.

Kent, D. (1995) ‘The Rise of the Medici’, in Major Problems in the History of the Italian Renaissance. Lexington, Mass: Heath, pp. 156–165.

Kent, D. (2004a) ‘The Power of the Elites: Family, Patronage and the State’, in Italy in the Age of the Renaissance: 1300-1550. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 164–183.

Kent, D. (2004b) ‘The Power of the Elites: Family, Patronage and the State’, in Italy in the Age of the Renaissance: 1300-1550. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 164–183. Available at: https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=4963949.

Kent, D.V. (2000) Cosimo de’Medici and the Florentine Renaissance. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Kenyon, J.R. (1990) Medieval Fortifications. Leicester: Leicester University Press.

Kibler, W.W. (1976) Eleanor of Aquitaine: Patron and Politician. Austin: University of Texas Press.

Kirby, J. (1976) ‘Henry V and the City of London’, History Today, 26(4), pp. 223–231. Available at: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1299029737?pq-origsite=primo&imgSeq=1.

Klapisch-Zuber, C. (2000a) ‘Plague and Family Life’, in The New Cambridge Medieval History: Vol. 6: c.1300-c.1415. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 124–154.

Klapisch-Zuber, C. (2000b) ‘Plague and Family Life’, in The New Cambridge Medieval History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 124–154. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521362900.

Knowles, D. (1963a) The Monastic Order in England: A History of Its Development From the Times of St. Dunstan to the Fourth Lateran Council, 940-1216. 2d ed. Cambridge [Eng.]: Cambridge University Press. Available at: http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.01217.

Knowles, D. (1963b) The Monastic Order in England: A History of Its Development From the Times of St.Dunstan to the Fourth Lateran Council, 940-1216. 2nd ed. Cambridge U.P.

Lambert, M. (2002) Medieval Heresy: Popular Movements From the Gregorian Reform to the Reformation. 3rd Edition. Oxford: Blackwell.

Lane, F.C. (1973a) Venice: A Maritime Republic. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press. Available at: http://eu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=13397717240002671&institutionId=2671&customerId=2670.

Lane, F.C. (1973b) Venice: A Maritime Republic. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.00964.

Lansing, C. (1991a) ‘The Popolo and the Ordinances of Justice’, in The Florentine Magnates: Lineage and Faction in a Medieval Commune. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, pp. 192–211.

Lansing, C. (1991b) ‘Violence and Faction’, in The Florentine Magnates: Lineage and Faction in a Medieval Commune. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, pp. 164–191.

Larner, J. (1971) ‘Extract’, in Culture and Society in Italy, 1290-1420. London: Batsford, pp. 14–34.

Larner, J. (1980) ‘Extract’, in Italy in the Age of Dante and Petrarch, 1216-1380. London: Longman, pp. 106–152.

Lawrence, C.H. (2001) Medieval Monasticism: Forms of Religious Life in Western Europe in the Middle Ages. 3rd Edition. Harlow: Longman.

Lawson, M.K. (2007) The Battle of Hastings, 1066. Stroud.

Le Goff, J. (2005) ‘An Aborted Europe: The Carolingian World (Eighth to Tenth Centuries)’, in The Birth of Europe, 400-1500. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 29–39. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=234932.

Le Goff, J. (2007) ‘An Aborted Europe: The Carolingian World (Eighth to Tenth Centuries)’, in The Birth of Europe, 400-1500. Malden, Mass: Blackwell, pp. 29–39.

Lee, A. (2011) ‘Attractions of Autocracy’, History Today, 61(7), pp. 18–25.

Lepage, J.-D. (2012a) British Fortifications Through the Reign of Richard III: An Illustrated History. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co.

Lepage, J.-D. (2012b) British Fortifications Through the Reign of Richard III: An Illustrated History. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=823692.

Letter of Peter of Blois to Eleanor of Aquitaine, 1173: (no date). Available at: http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/source/eleanor.asp.

Lewis, P.S. (1965) ‘War Propaganda and Historiography in Fifteenth-Century France and England’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 15(December), pp. 1–21. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2307/3678814.

Lewis, P.S. (1985) ‘War, Propaganda and Historiography in Fifteenth-Century France and England’, in Essays in Later Medieval French History. London: Hambledon, pp. 193–213.

Liddiard, R. (2005a) ‘Castles, Conquest and Authority’, in Castles in Context: Power, Symbolism and Landscape, 1066 to 1500. Macclesfield: Windgather Press, pp. 12–38.

Liddiard, R. (2005b) Castles in Context: Power, Symbolism and Landscape, 1066 to 1500. Macclesfield: Windgather Press.

Liddiard, R. (2010) ‘Medieval Castles’. Coventry: History at the Higher Education Academy. Available at: https://web.archive.org/web/20210517063346/https://www.advance-he.ac.uk/knowledge-hub/historical-insights-teaching-medieval-castles.

Lilie, R.-J. (1993a) ‘The “Policy of Détente”: Manuel I Comnenus (1143–1180)’, in Byzantium and the Crusader States, 1096-1204. Revised 1988. Oxford: Clarendon, pp. 142–221.

Lilie, R.-J. (1993b) ‘The “Policy of Détente”: Manuel I Comnenus (1143–1180)’, in Byzantium and the Crusader States, 1096-1204. Oxford: Clarendon, pp. 142–221. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198204077.001.0001.

Limor, O. (2009) ‘Christians and Jews’, in The Cambridge History of Christianity - Volume 4: Christianity in Western Europe, c.1100–c.1500. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 133–148. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521811064.

Limor, O. (2014) ‘Christians and Jews’, in The Cambridge History of Christianity: Volume 4. Cambridge University Press; Reprint edition. Available at: http://eu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=13409290550002671&institutionId=2671&customerId=2670.

Lindow, J. (2007) ‘“Going Beyond the Palace Facade” and ’ The Splendid Interior’’, in The Renaissance Palace in Florence: Magnificence and Splendour in Fifteenth-Century Italy. Aldershot: Ashgate.

Llewellyn, P. (1971a) ‘Rome and the Ostrogoths’, in Rome in the Dark Ages. London: Faber, pp. 21–51.

Llewellyn, P. (1971b) ‘The Roman Church and Clergy’, in Rome in the Dark Ages. London: Faber, pp. 78–108.

Logan, F.D. (1983) The Vikings in History. London: Hutchinson.

Logan, F.D. (2003) The Vikings in History. London: Taylor & Francis Ltd. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=166694.

Logoluso, J.W. (2006) ‘Chapter 1: “Buon Governo:” Ideals of Government in the Medieval City-State’, in Transition to the Renaissance:  Republican Values and Ideals in Florence and Siena, 1300-1500. Nashville, TN.: Vanderbilt University. Available at: http://libvm3.library.vanderbilt.edu/handle/1803/131.

Lomax, D.W. (1978) ‘The Muslim Conquest’, in The Reconquest of Spain. London: Longman, pp. 10–16.

Loyn, H.R. (1977) The Vikings in Britain. London: Book Club.

Loyn, H.R. (1991a) ‘8. The Norman Conquest’, in Anglo-Saxon England and the Norman Conquest. Harlow: Longman, pp. 326–341. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781315845371.

Loyn, H.R. (1991b) ‘The Norman Conquest’, in Anglo-Saxon England and the Norman Conquest. 2nd Edition. London: Longman, pp. 326–341.

Lynch, J.H. (2013a) The Medieval Church: A Brief History. Longman. Available at: https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=1581591.

Lynch, J.H. (2013b) The Medieval Church: A Brief History. Longman. Available at: https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=1581591.

Lynch, J.H. and Adamo, P.C. (2014a) The Medieval Church: A Brief History. 2nd Edition. London: Routledge.

Lynch, J.H. and Adamo, P.C. (2014b) The Medieval Church: A Brief History. 2nd Edition. London: Routledge.

Machiavelli, N. (2007) ‘Chapter VII’, in History of Florence and of the affairs of Italy: from the earliest times to the death of Lorenzo the Magnificent. [Great Britain?]: Dodo Press, pp. 369–375.

Magdalino, P. (1988) ‘The Phenomenon of Manuel I Komnenos’, in Tradition and Transformation in Medieval Byzantium. Aldershot: Variorum.

Magdalino, P. (1993) ‘The Comnenian Empire Between East and West’, in The Empire of Manuel I Komnenos, 1143-1180. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 27–108.

Magdalino, P. (2004a) ‘The Byzantine Empire, 1118-1204’, in The New Cambridge Medieval History - Volume 4: c.1024-c.1198. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 611–643.

Magdalino, P. (2004b) ‘The Byzantine Empire, 1118-1204’, in The New Cambridge Medieval History - Volume 4: c.1024-c.1198. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 611–643. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521414111.

Magdalino, P. (2008) ‘The Empire of the Komnenoi (1118-1204)’, in The Cambridge History of the Byzantine Empire C. 500-1492. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521832311.

Magna Carta (no date). Available at: https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/source/mcarta.asp.

Markus, R.A. (1997) ‘Terra Mea: Italy Between Two Worlds’, in Gregory the Great and His World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 97–111.

Martindale, A. (1967) ‘The Age of Transition 1146-1240’, in Gothic Art. Thames & Hudson.

Martindale, J. (1999) ‘Eleanor of Aquitaine. The Last Years’, in King John: New Interpretations. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press, pp. 137–164.

Martines, L. (1988a) Power and Imagination: City-States in Renaissance Italy. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Martines, L. (1988b) Power and Imagination: City-States in Renaissance Italy. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Available at: https://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.01224.

Matthew 16:13-19 in The New Testament (no date). Available at: https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+16%3A13-19&version=NIV.

Matthew, D. (1966a) ‘Changes Under the Conqueror’, in The Norman Conquest. London: Batsford, pp. 129–141.

Matthew, D. (1966b) ‘The Norman Settlement’, in The Norman Conquest. London: Batsford, pp. 89–128.

Mayer, H.E. (1988) ‘The Origins of the Crusades’, in The Crusades. 2nd Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 3–37.

McGlynn, S. (2009a) ‘5. Campaigns: Ravaging: Willaim the Conqueror’s Harrying of the North, 1069-70’, in By Sword and Fire: Cruelty and Atrocity in Medieval Warfare. London: Phoenix, pp. 200–207.

McGlynn, S. (2009b) ‘Sieges’, in By Sword and Fire: Cruelty and Atrocity in Medieval Warfare. London: Phoenix, pp. 141–194.

McHardy, A.K. (1982) ‘Liturgy and Propaganda in the Diocese of Lincoln During the Hundred Years’ War’, in Religion and National Identity: Papers Read at the Nineteenth Summer Meeting and the Twentieth Winter Meeting of the Ecclesiastical History Society. Oxford: Blackwell for the Ecclesiastical History Society, pp. 215–227.

McKisack, M. (1948) ‘London and the Succession to the Crown During the Middle Ages’, in R.W. Hunt, W.A. Pantin, and R.W. Southern (eds) Studies in Medieval History Presented to Frederick Maurice Powicke. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 76–89.

McKitterick, R. (1983) The Frankish Kingdoms Under the Carolingians, 751-987. London: Longman.

McKitterick, R. (2008a) Charlemagne: The Formation of a European Identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

McKitterick, R. (2008b) Charlemagne: The Formation of a European Identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Holloway&isbn=9780511396533&uid=^u.

Meade, M. (1991) Eleanor of Aquitaine: A Biography. New York: Penguin.

Meyer, A. (2010) ‘Papal Monarchy’, in A Companion to the Medieval World. Hoboken: Wiley, pp. 431–457. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=4305798.

Meyer, A. (2013) ‘Papal Monarchy’, in C. Lansing and E.D. English (eds) A Companion to the Medieval World. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 372–392.

Milis, L. (1992) Angelic Monks and Earthly Men: Monasticism and Its Meaning to Medieval Society. Woodbridge: Boydell.

Mitchell, S. (2006) ‘6. The Barbarian Kingdoms’, in A History of the Later Roman Empire, AD 284-641: The Transformation of the Ancient World. Malden, MA: Blackwell, pp. 191–224. Available at: http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip065/2005037149.html.

Mohammed al-Maqqari, A. and Horne, C.F. (2015) ‘Tarik’s Address to His Soldiers’ in ’Breath of Perfumes’, in Charles F. Horne (ed.) The Sacred Books and Early Literature of the East: With Historical Surveys of the Chief Writings of Each Nation. London: Forgotten Books, pp. 241–242.

Molho, A. (2002) ‘Cosimo de’Medici: Pater Patriae or Padrino’, in P. Findlen (ed.) The Italian Renaissance: The Essential Readings. Malden, Mass: Blackwell, pp. 64–90.

Moore, R.I. (1975) The Birth of Popular Heresy. London: Edward Arnold.

Moore, R. I (2007) The Formation of a Persecuting Society: Authority and Deviance in Western Europe 950-1250. 2nd Edition. Oxford: Blackwell.

Moore, R. I. (2007) The formation of a persecuting society: authority and deviance in Western Europe, 950-1250. 2nd ed. Malden, Mass: Blackwell Publishing.

Moorhead, J. (1992) ‘Goths and Romans’, in Theoderic in Italy. Oxford: Clarendon, pp. 66–113.

Moorhead, J. (2001a) ‘2. The Western Mediterranean Till the Mid-Sixth Century’, in The Roman Empire Divided: The Post-Roman World, 400-700. Harlow: Longman, pp. 35–65.

Moorhead, J. (2001b) ‘3. From Gaul to France’, in The Roman Empire Divided: The Post-Roman World, 400-700. Harlow: Longman, pp. 66–94.

Moorhead, J. (2005a) ‘1. Introduction’, in Gregory the Great. London: Routledge, pp. 1–48. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780203012635.

Moorhead, J. (2005b) ‘Introduction’, in Gregory the Great. London: Routledge, pp. 1–48.

Moorhead, J. (2005c) ‘Ostrogothic Italy and the Lombard Invasions’, in The New Cambridge Medieval History: Vol. 1: c.500-c.700. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 140–161.

Moorhead, J. (2005d) ‘Ostrogothic Italy and the Lombard Invasions’, in New Cambridge Medieval History Vol. 1 c.500-c.700, pp. 140–161. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521362917.

Moorhead, J. (2013a) ‘2. The Western Mediterranean Till the Mid-Sixth Century’, in The Roman Empire divided, 400-700. Harlow: Longman, pp. 39–71. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781408249642.

Moorhead, J. (2013b) ‘3. From Gaul to France’, in The Roman Empire divided, 400-700. Harlow: Longman, pp. 72–105. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781408249642.

Moran, G. and Mallory, M. (1995) ‘Celebrations Held in Siena During the Government of the Nine’, Renaissance and Reformation / Renaissance et Réforme, 19(1), pp. 39–44. Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/43445033.

Morden, L.A. (2007) How Much Material Damage Did the Northmen Actually Do to Ninth Century Europe. Simon Fraser University. Available at: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/56366875.pdf.

Morillo, S. (1996) The Battle of Hastings: Sources and Interpretations. Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK: Boydell Press.

Morris, C. (2005a) ‘5. Towards the First Crusade’, in The Sepulchre of Christ and the Medieval West: From the Beginning to 1600. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Morris, C. (2005b) ‘5. Towards the First Crusade’, in The Sepulchre of Christ and the Medieval West: From the Beginning to 1600. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=422673.

Mortimer, R. (1994) ‘Extract’, in Angevin England, 1154-1258. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 7–104.

Mundy, J.H. (1973) ‘Extract’, in Europe in the High Middle Ages, 1150-1309. Harlow: Longman, pp. 442–459.

Murray, S. (2013a) ‘Romanesque and Gothic Church Architecture’, in A Companion to the Medieval World. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 477–499. Available at: http://eu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=13407003480002671&institutionId=2671&customerId=2670.

Murray, S. (2013b) ‘Romanesque and Gothic Church Architecture’, in A Companion to the Medieval World. Hoboken: Wiley, pp. 477–499. Available at: https://www-dawsonera-com.ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/abstract/9781444324204.

Mynors, R.A.B. et al. (1998) Gesta Regum Anglorum: The History of the English Kings. Oxford: Clarendon.

Najemy, J.M. (2006) ‘Florentine Politics and Urban Spaces’, in Renaissance Florence: A Social History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 19–54.

Nejemy, J.M. (1995) ‘Guild Republicanism in Trecento Florence’, in B.G. Kohl and A.A. Smith (eds) Major Problems in the History of the Italian Renaissance. Lexington, Mass: Heath, pp. 120–130.

Nelson, J.L. (1992) ‘Eleanor of Aquitaine’, in Richard Coeur De Lion in History and Myth. London: Centre for Late Antique and Medieval Studies, King’s College London, pp. 17–50.

Nelson, J.L. (2001) ‘Medieval Monasticism’, in The Medieval World. London: Routledge.

Neuman, A.A. (1980) The Jews in Spain: Their Social, Political and Cultural Life During the Middle Ages. New York: Octagon.

Nicol, D.M. (1988) ‘The Parting of the Ways’, in Byzantium and Venice: A Study in Diplomatic and Cultural Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 84–103.

Nightingale, P. (1995) ‘Extract’, in A Medieval Mercantile Community: The Grocers’ Company & the Politics & Trade of London, 1000-1485. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press, pp. 6–22.

Nirenberg, D. (1996) Communities of Violence: Persecution of Minorities in the Middle Ages. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. Available at: https://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.00423.

Nirenberg, D. (1998) Communities of Violence: Persecution of Minorities in the Middle Ages. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

Ostrogorski, G. (1968) ‘The Rule of the Military Aristocracy (1081--1204)’, in History of the Byzantine State. 2nd Edition. Oxford: Blackwell.

Owen, D.D.R. (1993) Eleanor of Acquitaine: Queen and Legend. Oxford: Blackwell.

Oxenstierna, E. (1965) ‘The Vikings Heroes or Raiders’, in C. Hutter (ed.) The Norsemen. London: Studio Vista, pp. 13–48.

Paul the Deacon (1974) History of the Lombards. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

Pernoud, R. (1967) Eleanor of Aquitaine. London: Collins.

Peters, E. (1980) Heresy and Authority in Medieval Europe: Documents in Translation. London: Scolar Press.

Petzold, A. (1995) Romanesque Art. London: Everyman.

Phillips, J. (2002a) ‘Introduction’, in The Crusades, 1095-1197. Harlow: Longman, pp. 1–13.

Phillips, J. (2002b) ‘Introduction’, in The Crusades, 1095-1197. Harlow: Longman. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781315839936.

Phillips, J. (2002c) The Crusades, 1095-1197. Harlow: Longman.

Phillips, J. (2002d) The Crusades, 1095-1197. Harlow: Longman. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781315839936.

Phillips, J. (2009) ‘“Deus Vult!”: The First Crusade and the Capture of Jerusalem 1095-1099’, in Holy Warriors: A Modern History of the Crusades. London: Bodley Head, pp. 3–14.

Pick, L.K. (2004) Conflict and Coexistence: Archbishop Rodrigo and the Muslims and Jews in Medieval Spain. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan.

Platt, C. (1982) The Castle in Medieval England and Wales. London: Secker & Warburg.

Platt, C. (2003) King Death: The Black Death and Its Aftermath in Late-Medieval England. London: Routledge.

Pohl, W. (1997) ‘The Barbarian Successor States’, in The Transformation of the Roman World, AD 400-900. London: British Museum, pp. 33–47.

Poole, A.L. (1955) ‘The Battle of Damme’, in From Domesday Book to Magna Carta, 1087-1216. 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 459–486.

Pounds, N.J.G. (1994a) ‘Castles of the Conquest’, in The Medieval Castle in England and Wales: A Social and Political History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 3–25.

Pounds, N.J.G. (1994b) ‘Castles of the Conquest’, in The Medieval Castle in England and Wales: A Social and Political History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 3–25.

Prestwich, M. (1980) The Three Edwards: War and State in England 1272-1377. London: Methuen.

Prestwich, M. (1988) ‘Wales: Settlement and Rebellion’, in Edward I. London: Methuen.

Prestwich, M. (2003) The Three Edwards: War and State in England, 1272-1377. London: Routledge. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780203607138.

Prestwich, M. (2005a) Plantagenet England 1225-1360. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Prestwich, M. (2005b) Plantagenet England, 1225-1360. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=422706.

Prestwich, M. (2005c) ‘Population and the Black Death: The Black Death; The Course of the Epidemic; The Consequences for Economy and Government; Church and Culture’, in Plantagenet England 1225-1360. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 538–553.

Prestwich, M. (2005d) ‘Population and the Black Death: The Black Death; The Course of the Epidemic; The Consequences for Economy and Government; Church and Culture’, in Plantagenet England, 1225-1360. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 538–553. Available at: https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=422706.

Rex, P. (2011a) 1066: A New History of the Norman Conquest. Stroud: Amberley.

Rex, P. (2011b) William the Conqueror: The Bastard of Normandy. Stroud: Amberley.

Richard, J. (1999) ‘The Beginning of the Crusades’, in The Crusades, c. 1071-c. 1291. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Richards, J. (1979) ‘The Lombardic Crisis’, in The Popes and the Papacy in the Early Middle Ages, 476-752. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, pp. 162–180.

Richards, J. (1980) ‘Gregory and the East’, in Consul of God: The Life and Times of Gregory the Great. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, pp. 217–227.

Richards, J. (1991a) Sex, Dissidence and Damnation: Minority Groups in the Middle Ages. London: Routledge.

Richards, J. (1991b) Sex, Dissidence and Damnation: Minority Groups in the Middle Ages. London: Routledge. Available at: https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=1395477.

Richards, J.D. (1991) English Heritage Book of Viking Age England. London: Batsford.

Richardson, H.G. (1959) ‘The Letters and Charters of Eleanor of Aquitaine’, The English Historical Review, 74(291), pp. 193–213. Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/558439.

Riley-Smith, J. (1980) ‘Crusading as an Act of Love’, History, 65(214), pp. 177–192. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-229X.1980.tb01939.x.

Riley-Smith, J. (1986a) ‘Pope Urban’s Message’, in The First Crusade and the Idea of Crusading. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, pp. 13–30.

Riley-Smith, J. (1986b) ‘Pope Urban’s Message’, in The First Crusade and the Idea of Crusading. London: Continuum, pp. 13–30. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=436855.

Riley-Smith, J. (1986c) ‘The Response of Lay People’, in The First Crusade and the Idea of Crusading. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, pp. 31–57.

Riley-Smith, J. (1986d) ‘The Response of Lay People’, in The First Crusade and the Idea of Crusading. London: Continuum, pp. 31–57. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=436855.

Riley-Smith, J. (1987) ‘The Birth of the Crusading Movement: The Preaching of the First Crusade’, in The Crusades: A Short History. London: Athlone.

Riley-Smith, J. (1993) ‘Chapters 1 and 2’, in The First Crusade and the Idea of Crusading. London: Athlone.

Riley-Smith, J. (1997) The First Crusaders, 1095-1131. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Riley-Smith, J. (2004a) ‘The Crusades, 1095-1198’, in The New Cambridge Medieval History: Vol. 4: c. 1024-c. 1198, Part I. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 534–563.

Riley-Smith, J. (2004b) ‘The Crusades, 1095-1198’, in The New Cambridge Medieval History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 534–563. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521414111.

Riley-Smith, J. (2009) What Were the Crusades? 4th Edition. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Roach, A.P. (2005) The Devil’s World: Heresy and Society, 1100-1300. Harlow: Pearson Longman.

Rollason, D.W. (2012a) ‘2. From Roman Empire to Barbarian Kingdoms: Cataclysm or Transition’, in Early Medieval Europe 300-1050: The Birth of Western Society. Harlow, England: Pearson, pp. 18–36.

Rollason, D.W. (2012b) ‘2. From Roman Empire to Barbarian Kingdoms: Cataclysm or Transition’, in Early Medieval Europe 300-1050: The Birth of Western Society. Harlow: Pearson, pp. 18–36. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781408251232.

Rollason, D.W. (2012c) ‘7. The Christian Shaping of Kingship’, in Early Medieval Europe 300-1050: The Birth of Western Society. Harlow, England: Pearson, pp. 278–299.

Rollason, D.W. (2012d) ‘7. The Christian Shaping of Kingship’, in Early medieval Europe 300-1050: the birth of Western society. Harlow: Pearson, pp. 278–299. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781408251232.

Rosenwein, B. (1989) ‘The Problem of Donations’, in To Be the Neighbor of Saint Peter: The Social Meaning of Cluny’s Property, 909-1049. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, pp. 35–48.

Rosser, G. (1989) ‘Extract’, in Medieval Westminster, 1200-1540. Oxford: Clarendon, pp. 9–41.

Roth, C. (1949) ‘Extract’, in A History of the Jews in England. 2nd Edition. Oxford: Clarendon, pp. 68–90.

Rowe, J.G. (1969) ‘Hadrian IV the Byzantine Empire and the Latin Orient’, in Essays in Medieval History: Presented to Bertie Wilkinson. Toronto: University of Toronto, pp. 3–16.

Rubenstein, J. (2011) Armies of Heaven: The First Crusade and the Quest for Apocalypse. 1st ed. New York: Basic Books.

Rubinstein, N. (1958) ‘Political Ideas in Sienese Art: The Frescoes by Ambrogio Lorenzetti and Taddeo Di Bartolo in the Palazzo Pubblico’, Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, 21(3/4). Available at: https://doi.org/10.2307/750823.

Rubinstein, N. (1978) Lorenzo de’ Medici: The formation of his statecraft. London: British Academy.

Rubinstein, N. (1992) ‘Cosimo Optimus Civis’, in The Oxford Dictionary of the Renaissance. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 5–20. Available at: http://eu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=13410273180002671&institutionId=2671&customerId=2670.

Rubinstein, N. (1997a) The Government of Florence Under the Medici (1434 to 1494). 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon.

Rubinstein, N. (1997b) The Government of Florence Under the Medici (1434 to 1494). Oxford: Clarendon Press. Available at: https://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.01283.

Runciman, S. (1971) A History of the Crusades: Vol.1: The First Crusade and the Foundation of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Harmondsworth: Penguin.

Sawyer, P. (1997) The Oxford Illustrated History of the Vikings. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Sawyer, P.H. (1971) The Age of the Vikings. 2nd Edition. London: Arnold.

Sawyer, P.H. (1989) Kings and Vikings: Scandinavia and Europe, AD 700-1100. London: Routledge.

Sawyer, P.H. (2003) Kings and Vikings: Scandinavia and Europe AD 700-1100. London: Taylor and Francis. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=178508.

Scheibelreiter, G. (2005a) ‘Church Structure and Organisation’, in The New Cambridge Medieval History: Vol. 1: c.500-c.700. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 675–709.

Scheibelreiter, G. (2005b) ‘Church Structure and Organisation’, in The New Cambridge Medieval History : c.500-c.700. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 675–709. Available at: https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/new-cambridge-medieval-history/EBDBC366EDD4D89D60BDBA7EBDB9EFDE.

Schevill, F. (1936) History of Florence: From the Founding of the City Through the Renaissance. New York: Harcourt, Brace.

Schevill, F. (1963) Medieval and Renaissance Florence: Vol.1: Medieval Florence. New York: Harper & Row.

Schevill, F. (1964) ‘X. The Civic Spirit and the Building of the City’, in Siena: The History of a Mediaeval Commune. New York: Harper & Row, pp. 275–308.

Scholz, B.W. (1972) ‘The Annals of Lorsch’, in Carolingian Chronicles: Royal Frankish Annals and Nithard’s Histories. Ann Arbor, Mich: University of Michigan Press.

‘Sermon of Pope Urban II at Clermont, November 1095’ (no date). Available at: https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/source/urban2-5vers.asp.

Setton, K.M. and Baldwin, M.W. (1969) A History of the Crusades: Vol. 1: The First Hundred Years. 2nd ed. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.

Seward, D. (2003) A Brief History of the Hundred Years War: The English in France, 1337-1453. London: Robinson.

Shaw, R.D. (1906) ‘The Fall of the Visigothic Power in Spain’, The English Historical Review, XXI(LXXXII), pp. 209–228. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/XXI.LXXXII.209.

Sheils, W.J. (1984) ‘The First Crusade and the persecution of the Jews’, in Persecution and Toleration: Papers Read at the Twenty-Second Summer Meeting and the Twenty-Third Winter Meeting of the Ecclesiastical History Society. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, pp. 51–72.

Sheppard, F. (2006) ‘The Emrgence of the Medieval Capital c.1216-1530’, in London: A History. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 92–122.

Smyth, A.P. (1998) ‘The Emergence of English Identity, 700-1000’, in Medieval Europeans: Studies in Ethnic Identity and National Perspectives in Medieval Europe. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan Press, pp. 24–52.

Southern, R.W. (1990) Western Society and the Church in the Middle Ages. Harmondsworth: Penguin.

Stalley, R. (1999) ‘The Christian Basilica’, in Early Medieval Architecture. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 17–36.

Stenton, F.M. (1925) William the Conqueror and the Rule of the Normans. New edition. London: Putnam.

Stenton, F.M. (1971) ‘XVI The Norman Conquest & XVII The Norman Settlement’, in Anglo-Saxon England. 3rd ed. Oxford: Clarendon, pp. 581–657.

Stow, K.R. (2009) ‘Jews in the Middle Ages’, in A Companion to the Medieval World. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Available at: https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=4305798.

Stow, K.R. (2013) ‘Jews in the Middle Ages’, in C. Lansing and E.D. English (eds) A Companion to the Medieval World. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 293–312.

Suger, A. (no date) On What Was Done in His Administration. Available at: https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/source/sugar.asp.

Suger and Panofsky, E. (1946) ‘On What Was Done in His Adminstration’, in Abbot Suger on the Abbey Church of St.-Denis and Its Art Treasures. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, pp. 63–64.

Sumption, J. (1990) The Hundred Years War - Volume 1: Trial by Battle. London: Faber and Faber.

Sumption, J. (1999) The Hundred Years War - Volume 2: Trial by Fire. London: Faber.

Swanson, R.N. (1999) The Twelfth-Century Renaissance. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

The Rule of St Benedict - excerpts (no date). Available at: https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/source/rul-benedict-excerp.asp.

The Siege of Kenilworth Castle, 1266 | English Heritage (2016). Available at: http://blog.english-heritage.org.uk/longest-siege-english-history/.

Thompson, A.H. (2013) Military Architecture in England During the Middle Ages: Illustrated by 200 Photographs, Drawings and Plans. Charleston, South Carolina: Nabu.

Thompson, M.W. (2008a) ‘5. Stone Towers’, in The Rise of the Castle. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 63–85.

Thompson, M.W. (2008b) The Rise of the Castle. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Thomson, A.H. (1929) ‘Military Architecture’, in The Cambridge Medieval History - Volume 6: Victory of the Papacy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 773–798.

Treadgold, W. (1997a) A History of the Byzantine State and Society. Stanford (California): Stanford University Press.

Treadgold, W. (1997b) A History of the Byzantine State and Society. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press. Available at: http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.02871.

Treadgold, W. (2001) ‘Wealth and Weakness (1025-1204)’, in A Concise History of Byzantium. Basingstoke: Palgrave.

Turner, D.J. (1986) ‘Bodiam, Sussex: True Castle or Old Soldier’s Dream House?’, in England in the Fourteenth Century: Proceedings of the 1985 Harlaxton Symposium. Woodbridge: Boydell, pp. 267–277.

Turner, R.V. (2003) ‘The Meaning of Magna Carta Since 1215.’, History Today. Available at: https://www.historytoday.com/ralph-v-turner/meaning-magna-carta-1215.

Turner, R.V. (2009) King John: England’s Evil King? Stroud: History.

Turner, R.V. (2010) ‘England in 1215: An Authoritarian Angevin Dynasty Facing Multiple Threats’, in Magna Carta and the England of King John. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, pp. 10–26. Available at: https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=740096.

Turner, R.V. (2015) ‘England in 1215: An Authoritarian Angevin Dynasty Facing Multiple Threats’, in J.S. Loengard (ed.) Magna Carta and the England of King John. Paperback Edition. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, pp. 10–26.

Tyerman, C. (2005a) ‘5. Holy War’, in The Crusades: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 64–85. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.myilibrary.com?id=76292.

Tyerman, C. (2005b) ‘Holy War’, in The Crusades: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, pp. 64–85.

Tyerman, C. (2007) God’s War: A New History of the Crusades. London: Penguin.

Ullmann, W. (1972) A Short History of the Papacy in the Middle Ages. London: Methuen.

Van Dam, R. (2005a) ‘Merovingian Gaul and the Frankish Conquests’, in The New Cambridge Medieval History: Vol. 1: c.500-c.700. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 193–231. Available at: http://eu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=13409268670002671&institutionId=2671&customerId=2670.

Van Dam, R. (2005b) ‘Merovingian Gaul and the Frankish Conquests’, in New Cambridge Medieval History Vol. 1 c.500-c.700, pp. 193–231. Available at: http://eu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=13408623060002671&institutionId=2671&customerId=2670.

Van Houts, E.N.C. (2000) ‘The Normans and Britain: The Norman Conquest’, in The Normans in Europe. Manchester: Manchester University Press, pp. 102–181.

Vasiliev, A.A. (1952) History of the Byzantine Empire, 324-1453. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Press.

Villani, G. (2009) ‘Giovanni Villani on the Origins of the Guelfs and Ghibellines in Florence (Ca. 1300)’, in Medieval Italy: Texts in Translation. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, pp. 127–130.

Villani, G. and Wicksteed, P.H. (1906) Villani’s Chronicle: Being the Selections From the First Nine Books of the Croniche Fiorentine of Giovanni Villani. 2nd ed. London: Constable.

Vincent, N. (2012) Magna Carta: A Very Short Introduction. 1st Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Wakefield, W.L. and Evans, A.P. (1991a) Heresies of the High Middle Ages. New York: Columbia University Press. Available at: https://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.06055.

Wakefield, W.L. and Evans, A.P. (1991b) Heresies of the High Middle Ages: Selected Sources. New York: Columbia University Press.

Waley, D.P. (1991) ‘Setting’, in Siena and the Sienese in the Thirteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1–15. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.01255.

Waley, D.P. (2006) ‘1. Setting’, in Siena and the Sienese in the Thirteenth Century. Digitally printed 1st pbk. version. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1–15.

Waley, D.P. and Dean, T. (2010a) The Italian City-Republics. 4th ed. London: Longman.

Waley, D.P. and Dean, T. (2010b) The Italian City-Republics. Harlow: Longman. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781315834306.

Waley, D.P. and Dean, T. (2010c) The Italian City-Republics. 4th Edition. London: Longman.

Waley, D.P. and Dean, T. (2010d) The Italian City-Republics. Harlow: Longman. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=1397502.

Waley, D.P. and Denley, P. (2001a) ‘1. Government in the Latter Thirteenth Century: Communes: the Medieval City-State’, in Later Medieval Europe, 1250-1520. 3rd ed. revised by Peter Denley. Harlow: Longman, pp. 15–21. Available at: http://eu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=13397735240002671&institutionId=2671&customerId=2670.

Waley, D.P. and Denley, P. (2001b) ‘7. French Defeats and Chivalrous Ideals: The Hundred Years War’, in Later Medieval Europe, 1250-1520. Harlow: Longman, pp. 132–149. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781315842875.

Waley, D.P. and Denley, P. (2001c) ‘10. The Territorial Lordships of Italy: Florence and the Medici’, in Later Medieval Europe, 1250-1520. Harlow: Longman, pp. 192–196. Available at: http://eu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=13397650050002671&institutionId=2671&customerId=2670.

Waley, D.P. and Denley, P. (2001d) ‘10. The Territorial Lordships of Italy: Florence and the Medici’, in Later Medieval Europe, 1250-1520. Harlow: Longman, pp. 192–196. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781315842875.

Waley, D.P. and Denley, P. (2001e) ‘11. The French Recovery’, in Later Medieval Europe, 1250-1520. Harlow: Longman, pp. 206–217. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781315842875.

Waley, D.P. and Denley, P. (2001f) ‘French Defeats and Chivalrous Ideals: The Hundred Years War’, in Later Medieval Europe, 1250-1520. 3rd ed. revised by Peter Denley. Harlow: Longman, pp. 132–149.

Waley, D.P. and Denley, P. (2001g) ‘Government in the Latter Thirteenth Century: Communes: the Medieval City-State’, in Later Medieval Europe, 1250-1520. Harlow: Longman, pp. 15–21. Available at: https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=1569947.

Waley, D.P. and Denley, P. (2001h) Later Medieval Europe, 1250-1520. 3rd ed. revised by Peter Denley. Harlow: Longman.

Waley, D.P. and Denley, P. (2001i) Later Medieval Europe, 1250-1520. Harlow: Longman. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781315842875.

Waley, D.P. and Denley, P. (2001j) Later Medieval Europe, 1250-1520. 3rd ed. revised by Peter Denley. Harlow: Longman.

Waley, D.P. and Denley, P. (2001k) Later Medieval Europe, 1250-1520. Harlow: Longman. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781315842875.

Waley, D.P. and Denley, P. (2001l) ‘The French Recovery’, in Later Medieval Europe, 1250-1520. 3rd ed. revised by Peter Denley. Harlow: Longman, pp. 206–217.

Wallace-Hadrill, J.M. (1952a) ‘2. Mare Nostrum’, in The Barbarian West, 400-1000. London: Hutchinson, pp. 21–42.

Wallace-Hadrill, J.M. (1952b) ‘3. Italy and the Lombards’, in The Barbarian West, 400-1000. London: Hutchinson, pp. 43–63.

Wallace-Hadrill, J.M. (1952c) ‘Spain and the Visigoths’, in The Barbarian West, 400-1000. London: Hutchinson, pp. 115–139.

Wallace-Hadrill, J.M. (1975) The Vikings in Francia. Reading: University of Reading.

Ward-Perkins, B. (2005a) ‘I. Did Rome Ever Fall?’, in The Fall of Rome and the End of Civilization. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 1–10.

Ward-Perkins, B. (2005b) ‘I. Did Rome Ever Fall?’, in The Fall of Rome: And the End of Civilization. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 1–10. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.myilibrary.com?id=76230.

Ward-Perkins, B. (2005c) ‘IV. Living Under the New Masters’, in The Fall of Rome and the End of Civilization. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 63–86.

Ward-Perkins, B. (2005d) ‘IV. Living Under the New Masters’, in The Fall of Rome: And the End of Civilization. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 63–86. Available at: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.myilibrary.com?id=76230.

Warner, M. (1981) Joan of Arc: The Image of Female Heroism. Harmondsworth: Penguin.

Warner, P. (1971a) ‘3. The Motte and Bailey Castle’, in The Medieval Castle: Life in a Fortress in Peace and War. London: Barker, pp. 29–46.

Warner, P. (1971b) The Medieval Castle: Life in a Fortress in Peace and War. London: Barker.

Warner, P. (1971c) The Medieval Castle: Life in a Fortress in Peace and War. London: Barker.

Warren, W.L. (1997a) King John. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Warren, W.L. (1997b) King John. New Edition. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Watson, William.E. (1993) ‘The Battle of Tours-Poitiers Revisited’, Providence: Studies in Western Civilization. Available at: https://deremilitari.org/2013/09/the-battle-of-tours-poitiers-revisited/.

Webb, D. (1993) ‘Saints and Cities in Medieval Italy.’, History Today, 43, pp. 15–21. Available at: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1299031033?OpenUrlRefId=info:xri/sid:primo&accountid=11455.

Webb, D. (1996) Patrons and Defenders: The Saints in the Italian City-States. London: Tauris.

Weir, A. (2008) Eleanor of Aquitaine: A Life. New York: Ballantine Books.

Whalen, B.E. (2014a) ‘Empire and Christendom’, in The Medieval Papacy. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 36–62.

Whalen, B.E. (2014b) ‘The Reordering of the West’, in The Medieval Papacy. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 63–85.

Wheatley, A. (2004a) ‘Introduction’, in The Idea of the Castle in Medieval England. Woodbridge, Suffolk: York Medieval Press in association with Boydell Press, pp. 1–18. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=3003500.

Wheatley, A. (2004b) The Idea of the Castle in Medieval England. Woodbridge: York Medieval Press.

Wheeler, B. and Parsons, J.C. (2002) Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord and Lady. Basingstoke: Palgrave.

Whitelock, D. and Battle and District Historical Society (1966) The Norman Conquest: Its Setting and Impact. London: Eyre and Spottiswoode.

Wickham, C. (2010a) ‘4. Crisis and Continuity, 400-500’, in The Inheritance of Rome: A History of Europe From 400 to 1000. London: Allen Lane, pp. 76–108.

Wickham, C. (2010b) ‘The Carolingian Century, 751-887’, in The Inheritance of Rome: A History of Europe From 400 to 1000. London: Allen Lane, pp. 375–404.

Wickham, C. (2010c) ‘The West Mediterranean Kingdoms: Spain and Italy, 550-750’, in The Inheritance of Rome: A History of Europe From 400 to 1000. London: Allen Lane, pp. 130–149.

Wieruszowski, H. (1944) ‘Art and the Commune in the Time of Dante’, Speculum: A Journal of Medieval Studies, 19(1), pp. 14–33. Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2856851.

Williams, A. (1995) The English and the Norman Conquest. Woodbridge: Boydell.

Williams, G.A. (1970) Medieval London: From Commune to Capital. London: Athlone Press.

Williams, H. (2011) ‘Extract’, in Emperor of the West: Charlemagne and Carolingian Empire. London: Quercus, pp. 139–189.

Wilson, C. (1990) ‘Early Gothic’, in The Gothic Cathedral: The Architecture of the Great Church, 1130-1530. London: Thames and Hudson, pp. 13–90.

Wilson, D.M. (2004) The Bayeux Tapestry: The Complete Tapestry in Colour. [New] ed. London: Thames and Hudson.

Wood, I. (2001) ‘Culture: Spain After 711’, in The Early Middle Ages: Europe 400-1000. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 182–185.

Woolf, A. (2018) ‘The Scandinavian Intervention’, in The Cambridge History of Ireland: Volume I 600-1550. Cambridge University Press, pp. 107–130. Available at: https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-ireland/8FBCF69904197F39BD244EBBEDAA53B4.

Wright, N. (2000) Knights and Peasants: The Hundred Years War in the French Countryside. Woodbridge: Boydell.

Ziegler, P. (1969) The Black Death. London: Collins.