Bibliography for HS1116: Rome to Renaissance: An Introduction to the Middle Ages

@inbook{Abulafia_2004a, address={Oxford}, title={Cities and Communes}, volume={The Short Oxford History of Italy}, booktitle={Italy in the Central Middle Ages: 1000-1300}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Abulafia, David}, year={2004}, pages={27–57} }

@inbook{Abulafia_2004b, address={Oxford}, title={Cities and Communes}, url={https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=1173590}, booktitle={Italy in the Central Middle Ages: 1000-1300}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Abulafia, David}, year={2004}, pages={27–57} }

@article{Allen Brown_1955, title={Royal Castle-Building in England, 1154-1216}, volume={70}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/559071}, number={276}, journal={The English Historical Review}, publisher={Oxford University PressOxford University Press}, author={Allen Brown, R.}, year={1955}, pages={353–398} }

@inbook{Allmand_1973, address={New York}, title={War and the Civilian Population}, volume={Evidence and commentary}, booktitle={Society at War: The Experience of England and France During the Hundred Years War}, publisher={Barnes & Noble}, author={Allmand, C. T.}, year={1973}, pages={131–162} }

@inbook{Allmand_1988, address={Cambridge}, title={War, People, and Nation}, volume={Cambridge Medieval Textbooks}, booktitle={The Hundred Years War: England and France at War, c.1300-c.1450}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Allmand, Christopher}, year={1988}, pages={136–150} }

@inbook{Angold_1997, address={New York}, edition={2nd Edition}, title={Manuel Comnenus and the Latins}, booktitle={The Byzantine Empire, 1025-1204: A Political History}, publisher={Longman}, author={Angold, Michael}, year={1997}, pages={226–240} }

@book{Arbman_1961, address={London}, title={The Vikings}, volume={Ancient Peoples and Places}, publisher={Thames and Hudson}, author={Arbman, Holger}, year={1961} }

@book{Asbridge_2004, address={London}, title={The First Crusade: A New History}, publisher={Free Press}, author={Asbridge, Thomas}, year={2004} }

@book{Asbridge_2005, address={New York}, title={The First Crusade: A New History}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=5738265}, publisher={Free}, author={Asbridge, Thomas}, year={2005} }

@book{Asbridge_2012, address={London}, edition={[New] ed}, title={The Crusades: The War for the Holy Land}, publisher={Simon & Schuster}, author={Asbridge, Thomas S.}, year={2012} }

@book{Audisio_1999, address={Cambridge, U.K}, title={The Waldensian Dissent: Persecution and Survival, c. 1170-c. 1570}, volume={Cambridge medieval textbooks}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Audisio, Gabriel}, year={1999} }

@inbook{Aurell_2007, address={Harlow}, title={For And Against the King: The Aristocracy: Between Rebellion and Submission}, booktitle={The Plantagenet Empire, 1154-1224}, publisher={Longman/Pearson Education}, author={Aurell, M.}, year={2007}, pages={165–218} }

@inbook{Azzara_2002, address={Oxford}, title={The Papacy}, volume={The Short Oxford History of Italy}, booktitle={Italy in the Early Middle Ages: 476-1000}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Azzara, C.}, year={2002}, pages={102–109} }

@inbook{Bachrach_1972, address={Minneapolis}, title={Chapter V. The Rois Faineants and the Mayors of the Palace: 638-751}, booktitle={Merovingian Military Organization, 481-751}, publisher={University of Minnesota Press}, author={Bachrach, Bernard S.}, year={1972}, pages={92–112} }

@inbook{Baker_1970, address={London}, title={Extract}, booktitle={Medieval London}, publisher={Cassell}, author={Baker, Timothy}, year={1970}, pages={27–162} }

@inbook{Barber_1992a, address={London}, edition={2nd ed}, title={18. Art and Society}, url={http://eu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=13409268530002671&institutionId=2671&customerId=2670}, booktitle={The Two Cities: Medieval Europe, 1050-1320}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Barber, Malcolm}, year={1992}, pages={431–459} }

@book{Barber_1992b, address={London}, title={The Two Cities: Medieval Europe, 1050-1320}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Barber, Malcolm}, year={1992} }

@inbook{Barber_2004a, address={London}, edition={2nd Edition}, title={Art and Society}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=199952}, booktitle={The Two Cities: Medieval Europe 1050-1320}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Barber, Malcolm}, year={2004}, pages={431–459} }

@inbook{Barber_2004b, address={London}, edition={2nd Edition}, title={The Italian City-States}, booktitle={The Two Cities: Medieval Europe, 1050-1320}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Barber, Malcolm}, year={2004}, pages={238–255} }

@inbook{Barber_2004c, address={London}, title={The Italian City-States}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=199952}, booktitle={The Two Cities: Medieval Europe, 1050-1320}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Barber, Malcolm}, year={2004}, pages={238–255} }

@inbook{Barber_2004d, address={London}, edition={2nd Edition}, title={Popular Religion and Heresy}, booktitle={The Two Cities: Medieval Europe, 1050-1320}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Barber, Malcolm}, year={2004}, pages={162–185} }

@inbook{Barber_2004e, address={London}, title={Popular Religion and Heresy}, url={https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=199952}, booktitle={The Two Cities: Medieval Europe, 1050-1320}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Barber, Malcolm}, year={2004}, pages={162–185} }

@inbook{Barbero_Loring_2005a, address={Cambridge}, title={The Catholic Visigothic Kingdom}, booktitle={The New Cambridge Medieval History: Vol. 1: c.500-c.700}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Barbero, A. and Loring, M. I.}, year={2005}, pages={346–370} }

@inbook{Barbero_Loring_2005b, title={The Catholic Visigothic Kingdom}, url={http://eu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=13408682560002671&institutionId=2671&customerId=2670}, booktitle={New Cambridge Medieval History Vol. 1 c.500-c.700}, author={Barbero, A. and Loring, M. I.}, year={2005}, pages={346–370} }

@inbook{Barbero_2004, address={Berkeley}, title={The Rebirth of Empire}, booktitle={Charlemagne: Father of a Continent}, publisher={University of California Press}, author={Barbero, Alessandro}, year={2004}, pages={75–101} }

@book{Barlow_1965, address={London}, title={William I and the Norman Conquest}, volume={Teach yourself history}, publisher={English Universities Press}, author={Barlow, Frank}, year={1965} }

@inbook{Barlow_1966, address={London}, title={The Effects of the Norman Conquest}, booktitle={The Norman Conquest: Its Setting and Impact}, publisher={Eyre and Spottiswoode}, author={Barlow, Frank}, year={1966}, pages={123–161} }

@inbook{Barlow_1999, address={London}, edition={5th Edition}, title={The Angevin Despotism, 1189-1216}, volume={A History of England}, booktitle={The Feudal Kingdom of England, 1042-1216}, publisher={Longman}, author={Barlow, Frank}, year={1999}, pages={310–357} }

@inbook{Barnwell_1992a, address={Chapel Hill}, title={The Franks and Gaul in the Sixth Century}, booktitle={Emperor, Prefects and Kings: the Roman West, 395-565}, publisher={University of North Carolina Press}, author={Barnwell, P. S.}, year={1992}, pages={90–113} }

@inbook{Barnwell_1992b, address={Chapel Hill}, title={The Vandals and Africa}, booktitle={Emperor, Prefects and Kings: the Roman West, 395-565}, publisher={University of North Carolina Press}, author={Barnwell, P. S.}, year={1992}, pages={114–124} }

@inbook{Barnwell_1992c, address={Chapel Hill}, title={Barbarian Kings in Italy}, booktitle={Emperor, Prefects and Kings: the Roman West, 395-565}, publisher={University of North Carolina Press}, author={Barnwell, P. S.}, year={1992}, pages={134–139} }

@inbook{Barraclough_1979a, address={London}, title={Beginnings}, volume={Library of European Civilization}, booktitle={The Medieval Papacy}, publisher={Norton}, author={Barraclough, Geoffrey}, year={1979} }

@book{Barraclough_1979b, address={London}, title={The Medieval Papacy}, volume={Library of European civilization}, publisher={Norton}, author={Barraclough, Geoffrey}, year={1979} }

@inbook{Barron_1969, address={London}, title={Richard Whittington: The Man Behind the Myth}, booktitle={Studies in London History Presented to Philip Edmund Jones}, publisher={Hodder & Stoughton}, author={Barron, Caroline M.}, editor={Kellaway, William and Hollaender, A. E. J.}, year={1969}, pages={197–248} }

@inbook{Barron_1971, address={London}, title={The Quarrel of Richard II With London}, booktitle={The Reign of Richard II: Essays in Honour of May McKisack}, publisher={University of London, Athlone Press}, author={Barron, Caroline M.}, editor={Du Boulay, F. R. H. and Barron, Caroline M.}, year={1971}, pages={173–201} }

@inbook{Barron_1999, address={Oxford}, title={Richard II and London}, booktitle={Richard II: The Art of Kingship}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Barron, Caroline M.}, year={1999}, pages={197–248} }

@inbook{Barron_2000a, address={Cambridge}, title={London 1300-1540}, booktitle={The Cambridge Urban History of Britain: Vol. 1: c.600-c.1540}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Barron, Caroline M.}, year={2000}, pages={395–440} }

@inbook{Barron_2000b, address={Cambridge}, title={London 1300-1540}, volume={The Cambridge Urban History of Britain}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521444613}, booktitle={The Cambridge Urban History of Britain - Volume 1: c.600-c.1540}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Barron, Caroline M.}, year={2000}, pages={395–440} }

@book{Barron_2004a, address={Oxford}, title={London in the Late Middle Ages: Government and People, 1200-1500}, url={http://eu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=13397651290002671&institutionId=2671&customerId=2670}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Barron, Caroline M.}, year={2004} }

@book{Barron_2004b, address={Oxford}, title={London in the Later Middle Ages: Government and People, 1200-1500}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199257775.001.0001}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Barron, Caroline M.}, year={2004} }

@inbook{Barron_2004c, address={Oxford}, title={From Guilds to Companies}, booktitle={London in the Late Middle Ages: Government and People, 1200-1500}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Barron, Caroline M.}, year={2004}, pages={199–235} }

@book{Bartlett_2000a, address={Oxford}, title={England under the Norman and Angevin kings, 1075-1225}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=5552075}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Bartlett, Robert}, year={2000} }

@inbook{Bartlett_2000b, address={Oxford}, title={4. Predatory and Punitive Rule}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780191543647}, booktitle={England under the Norman and Angevin kings, 1075-1225}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Bartlett, Robert}, year={2000}, pages={48–50} }

@book{Bartlett_2000c, address={Oxford, England}, title={Rebellion}, journal={England Under the Norman and Angevin Kings, 1075-1225}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Bartlett, Robert}, year={2000}, pages={51–67} }

@inbook{Bartlett_2000d, address={Oxford}, title={5. Rebellion}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780191543647}, booktitle={England under the Norman and Angevin kings, 1075-1225}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Bartlett, Robert}, year={2000}, pages={51–67} }

@book{Bates_1989, address={London}, title={William the Conqueror}, publisher={Philip}, author={Bates, David}, year={1989} }

@inbook{Bates_2013, address={London}, title={Extract}, url={https://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Holloway&isbn=9780750956499&uid=^u}, booktitle={William the Conqueror}, publisher={The History Press}, author={Bates, David}, year={2013}, pages={57–89} }

@book{Becher_Bachrach_2003a, address={New Haven}, title={Charlemagne}, publisher={Yale University}, author={Becher, Matthias and Bachrach, David S.}, year={2003} }

@inbook{Becher_Bachrach_2003b, address={New Haven}, title={Charlemagne, the Papacy, and the Byzantine Emperor}, booktitle={Charlemagne}, publisher={Yale University}, author={Becher, Matthias and Bachrach, David S.}, year={2003}, pages={81–98} }

@article{Becker_1965, title={A Study in Political Failure: The Florentine Magnates: 1280-1343}, volume={27}, journal={Mediaeval Studies}, author={Becker, M. B.}, year={1965}, pages={246–308} }

@article{Becker_1960, title={The Republican City State in Florence: An Inquiry Into Its Origin and Survival (1280-1434)}, volume={35}, DOI={10.2307/2850174}, number={1}, journal={Speculum}, author={Becker, Marvin B.}, year={1960}, pages={39–50} }

@inbook{Beckwith_1964, address={London}, title={Extract}, booktitle={Early Medieval Art: Carolingian, Ottonian, Romanesque}, publisher={Thames & Hudson}, author={Beckwith, John}, year={1964}, pages={153–174} }

@book{Bell_2004, address={Woodbridge}, title={War and the Soldier in the Fourteenth Century}, volume={Warfare in history}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={Bell, Adrian R.}, year={2004} }

@inbook{Bell_2009, address={Cambridge}, title={Crusade and Conquest}, volume={Cambridge History of Christianity}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521811064}, booktitle={The Cambridge History of Christianity, Vol. 4}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Bell, M. G.}, year={2009} }

@book{Benedictow_2006, address={Woodbridge}, title={The Black Death, 1346-1353: The Complete History}, publisher={Boydell}, author={Benedictow, Ole Jrgen}, year={2006} }

@book{Berman_2000, address={Philadelphia}, title={The Cistercian Evolution: The Invention of a Religious Order in Twelfth-Century Europe}, volume={The Middle Ages series}, publisher={University of Pennsylvania Press}, author={Berman, Constance Hoffman}, year={2000} }

@inbook{Biller_2009, address={Cambridge}, title={Christians and Heretics}, volume={Cambridge History of Christianity}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521811064}, booktitle={The Cambridge History of Christianity, Vol. 4}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Biller, P.}, year={2009}, pages={170–186} }

@inbook{Biller_2014, title={Christians and Heretics}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521811064}, booktitle={The Cambridge History of Christianity: Volume 4}, publisher={Cambridge University Press; Reprint edition}, author={Biller, P.}, year={2014}, pages={170–186} }

@book{Biller_Hudson_1994, address={Cambridge}, title={Heresy and Literacy, 1000-1530}, volume={Cambridge studies in medieval literature}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Biller, Peter and Hudson, Anne}, year={1994} }

@book{Billings_2006, address={Stroud}, title={The Crusades: The War Against Islam 1096-1798}, publisher={Tempus}, author={Billings, Malcolm}, year={2006} }

@inbook{Bird_1949, address={London}, title={Extract}, booktitle={The Turbulent London of Richard II}, publisher={Longmans}, author={Bird, Ruth}, year={1949}, pages={114–119} }

@book{Black_2009, address={Lancaster}, title={London: A History}, publisher={Carnegie}, author={Black, Jeremy}, year={2009} }

@inbook{Bloch_1962, address={London}, title={Chapter 2}, booktitle={Feudal Society}, publisher={Routledge & Kegan Paul}, author={Bloch, Marc}, year={1962} }

@inbook{Bloch_1989, address={London}, title={Chapter 2}, url={http://eu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=13408622960002671&institutionId=2671&customerId=2670}, booktitle={Feudal Society}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Bloch, Marc}, year={1989} }

@inbook{Boccaccio_1993, address={Oxford}, title={Introduction}, volume={The World’s Classics}, url={https://librarysearch.royalholloway.ac.uk/permalink/f/1qsgd4/TN_gutenberg_s52617}, booktitle={The Decameron}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Boccaccio, Giovanni}, year={1993}, pages={6–13} }

@inbook{Bolton_1996, address={Donington, Lincolnshire}, title={The World Upside Down: The Plague as an Agent of Economic and Social Change}, booktitle={The Black Death in England}, publisher={Shaun Tyas}, author={Bolton, Jim}, year={1996}, pages={17–78} }

@book{Bony_1983, address={London}, title={French Gothic Architecture of the 12th and 13th Centuries}, volume={20}, publisher={University of California Press}, author={Bony, Jean}, year={1983} }

@book{Bouchard_1991, address={Ithaca, N.Y}, title={Holy Entrepreneurs: Cistercians, Knights, and Economic Exchange in Twelfth-Century Burgundy}, publisher={Cornell University Press}, author={Bouchard, Constance Brittain}, year={1991} }

@book{Bowersock_Clive_Graubard_1977, address={Cambridge, Mass}, title={Edward Gibbon and the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire}, publisher={Harvard University Press}, author={Bowersock, G. W. and Clive, John and Graubard, Stephen R.}, year={1977} }

@article{Bowsky_1962, title={The Buon Governo of Siena (1287-1355): A Mediaeval Italian Oligarchy}, volume={37}, url={https://www.jstor.org/stable/i332945}, DOI={10.2307/2852358}, number={3}, journal={Speculum}, author={Bowsky, William M.}, year={1962}, pages={368–381} }

@book{Bowsky_1971, address={Huntington, N.Y.}, title={The Black Death: A Turning Point in History?}, publisher={R. E. Krieger Pub. Co}, author={Bowsky, William M.}, year={1971} }

@inbook{Bowsky_1981, address={Berkeley}, title={The Gvic Ideal}, booktitle={A Medieval Italian Commune: Siena Under the Nine, 1287-1355}, publisher={University of California Press}, author={Bowsky, William M.}, year={1981}, pages={260–298} }

@book{Bradbury_1998, address={Stroud}, title={The Battle of Hastings}, publisher={Sutton}, author={Bradbury, Jim}, year={1998} }

@inbook{Bradbury_2002, address={Woodbridge}, title={‘The Beginnings of Castle Warfare, 950-1050’ and ‘Kings, Counts and Castellans, 1050-1200’}, booktitle={The Medieval Siege}, publisher={The Boydell Press}, author={Bradbury, Jim}, year={2002}, pages={48–92} }

@inbook{Breay_2002a, address={London}, title={The Feudal King}, booktitle={Magna Carta: Manuscripts and Myths}, publisher={British Library}, author={Breay, Claire}, year={2002}, pages={12–17} }

@inbook{Breay_2002b, address={London}, title={What Was in Magna Carta?}, booktitle={Magna Carta: Manuscripts and Myths}, publisher={British Library}, author={Breay, Claire}, year={2002}, pages={28–33} }

@book{Brøndsted_1965, title={The Vikings}, volume={Pelican books}, publisher={Penguin}, author={Brøndsted, Johannes}, year={1965} }

@inbook{Brooke_1969, address={London}, title={Extract}, volume={Library of European Civilization}, booktitle={The Twelfth Century Renaissance}, publisher={Thames & Hudson}, author={Brooke, Christopher}, year={1969}, pages={90–143} }

@inbook{Brooke_2000, address={Harlow, England}, edition={3rd ed}, title={13 The Kingdom of the French}, volume={A General History of Europe}, booktitle={Europe in the Central Middle Ages, 962-1154}, publisher={Longman}, author={Brooke, Christopher}, year={2000}, pages={255–268} }

@book{Brooke_Swaan_1974, address={London}, title={The Monastic World, 1000-1300}, publisher={Elek}, author={Brooke, Christopher and Swaan, Wim}, year={1974} }

@book{Brown_1992, address={Firenze}, title={The Medici in Florence: The Exercise and Language of Power}, volume={Italian Medieval and Renaissance Studies / University of Western Australia}, publisher={Olschki}, author={Brown, Alison}, year={1992} }

@book{Brown_1999a, address={London}, edition={2nd ed}, title={The Renaissance}, volume={Seminar Studies in History}, publisher={Longman}, author={Brown, Alison}, year={1999} }

@inbook{Brown_1999b, address={London}, title={Extract}, volume={Seminar studies in history}, url={https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=1441814}, booktitle={The Renaissance}, publisher={Longman}, author={Brown, Alison}, year={1999}, pages={10–13} }

@inbook{Brown_1999c, address={London}, edition={2nd Edition}, title={Extract}, volume={Seminar Studies in History}, booktitle={The Renaissance}, publisher={Longman}, author={Brown, Alison}, year={1999}, pages={20–26} }

@inbook{Brown_1999d, address={London}, title={Extract}, volume={Seminar Studies in History}, url={https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=1441814}, booktitle={The Renaissance}, publisher={Longman}, author={Brown, Alison}, year={1999}, pages={20–26} }

@inbook{Brown_1969a, address={London}, title={The Norman Conquest and the Genesis of English Castles}, booktitle={Chateau Gaillard European Castle Studies, III: conference at Battle, Sussex, 19-24 September 1966}, publisher={Phillimore}, author={Brown, R. A.}, year={1969}, pages={1–14} }

@inbook{Brown_1969b, address={London}, title={The Norman Conquest and the Genesis of English Castles}, booktitle={Chateau Gaillard European Castle Studies, III: Conference at Battle, Sussex, 19-24 September 1966}, publisher={Phillimore}, author={Brown, R. A}, editor={Taylor, Arnold Joseph}, year={1969}, pages={1–14} }

@article{Brown_1980, address={Woodbridge}, title={The Battle of Hastings}, journal={Proceedings of the Battle Conference on Anglo-Norman Studies, III, 1980}, publisher={Boydell}, author={Brown, R. A.}, year={1980}, pages={1–21} }

@book{Brown_1969c, address={London}, title={The Normans and the Norman Conquest}, publisher={Constable}, author={Brown, R. Allen}, year={1969} }

@book{Brown_1976, address={London}, edition={3rd Revised Edition}, title={English Castles}, publisher={Batsford}, author={Brown, R. Allen}, year={1976} }

@book{Brown_1984, address={London}, title={The Norman Conquest}, volume={Documents of medieval history}, publisher={Arnold}, author={Brown, R. Allen}, year={1984} }

@book{Brucker_1969, address={New York}, title={Renaissance Florence}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Brucker, Gene}, year={1969} }

@book{Brucker_1983a, address={London}, title={Renaissance Florence}, url={http://eu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=13397651280002671&institutionId=2671&customerId=2670}, publisher={University of California Press}, author={Brucker, Gene A.}, year={1983} }

@book{Brucker_1983b, address={Berkeley}, title={Renaissance Florence}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.02002}, publisher={University of California Press}, author={Brucker, Gene A.}, year={1983} }

@book{Brucker_1983c, address={Berkeley}, title={Renaissance Florence}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.02002}, publisher={University of California Press}, author={Brucker, Gene A.}, year={1983} }

@inbook{Bryer_1981, address={Oxford}, title={The First Encounter With the West AD 1050-1204}, booktitle={Byzantium: An Introduction}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Bryer, A. A. M.}, year={1981}, pages={85–110} }

@article{Bull_1993, title={The Roots of Lay Enthusiasm for the First Crusade}, volume={78}, DOI={10.1111/j.1468-229X.1993.tb02249.x}, number={254}, journal={History}, author={Bull, Marcus}, year={1993}, pages={353–372} }

@inbook{Bull_1995, address={Oxford}, title={Origins}, volume={Oxford illustrated histories}, booktitle={The Oxford Illustrated History of the Crusades}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Bull, Marcus}, year={1995}, pages={13–33} }

@inbook{Bull_1999, address={Oxford}, title={Origins}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780191540233}, booktitle={The Oxford History of the Crusades}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Bull, Marcus}, year={1999}, pages={13–33} }

@inbook{Bull_2014, title={Crusade and Conquest}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521811064}, booktitle={The Cambridge History of Christianity - Volume 4: Christianity in Western Europe, c.1100–c.1500}, publisher={Cambridge University Press; Reprint Edition}, author={Bull, Marcus}, year={2014}, pages={340–352} }

@book{Bull_Leglu_2005, address={Woodbridge}, title={The World of Eleanor of Aquitaine: Literature and Society in Southern France Between the Eleventh and Thirteenth Centuries}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={Bull, Marcus and Leglu, Catherine}, year={2005} }

@inbook{Burton_1994, address={Cambridge}, title={‘Religious Houses and the Wider Community: Founders, Patrons and Benefactors’, ‘The Monastic Economy’ and ‘On the Brink of Change’}, booktitle={Monastic and Religious Orders in Britain 1000-1300}, publisher={University}, author={Burton, Janet}, year={1994} }

@book{Busch_Lohse_1959, address={London}, title={Gothic Europe}, volume={Buildings of Europe}, publisher={Batsford}, author={Busch, Harald and Lohse, Bernd}, year={1959} }

@inbook{Cameron_1993a, address={London}, title={The Empire, The Barbarians, and The Late Roman Army}, booktitle={The Mediterranean World in Late Antiquity, AD 395-600}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Cameron, Averil}, year={1993}, pages={36–49} }

@inbook{Cameron_1993b, address={London}, title={The Empire, The Barbarians, and The Late Roman Army}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780203134207}, booktitle={The Mediterranean World in Late Antiquity, AD 395-600}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Cameron, Averil}, year={1993}, pages={36–49} }

@book{Cameron_2000, address={Oxford}, title={Waldenses: Rejections of Holy Church in Medieval Europe}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Cameron, Euan}, year={2000} }

@book{Cantor_1968, address={New York}, edition={2nd ed}, title={The Medieval World, 300-1300}, volume={Ideas and institutions in Western civilization}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Cantor, Norman F.}, year={1968} }

@inbook{Carpenter_1999a, address={Cambridge}, title={The Plantagenet Kings}, booktitle={The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume 5: c.1198–c.1300}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Carpenter, D. A.}, year={1999}, pages={314–357} }

@inbook{Carpenter_1999b, address={Cambridge}, title={The Plantagenet Kings}, volume={The New Cambridge Medieval History}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521362894}, booktitle={The New Cambridge Medieval History - Volume 5: c.1198–c.1300}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Carpenter, D. A.}, year={1999}, pages={314–357} }

@book{Castor_2011, address={London}, title={She-Wolves: The Women Who Ruled England Before Elizabeth}, publisher={Faber and Faber}, author={Castor, Helen}, year={2011} }

@book{Caudrey_2019a, address={Woodbridge}, title={Military society and the court of chivalry in the age of the Hundred Years War}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={Caudrey, Philip J.}, year={2019} }

@book{Caudrey_2019b, address={Woodbridge, Suffolk}, title={Military society and the court of chivalry in the age of the Hundred Years War}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=5646548}, publisher={The Boydell Press}, author={Caudrey, Philip J.}, year={2019} }

@inbook{Chadwick_1967, address={Harmondsworth}, title={‘The Papacy’ and ‘The Church and the Barbarians’}, volume={History of the Church}, booktitle={The Early Church}, publisher={Penguin}, author={Chadwick, Henry}, year={1967} }

@book{Chazan_2006a, address={Cambridge}, title={The Jews of Medieval Western Christendom, 1000-1500}, volume={Cambridge Medieval Textbooks}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Chazan, Robert}, year={2006} }

@book{Chazan_2006b, address={Cambridge}, title={The Jews of Medieval Western Christendom, 1000-1500}, url={https://royalholloway.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Holloway&isbn=9780511567780&uid=^u}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Chazan, Robert}, year={2006} }

@inbook{Chejne_1974, address={Minneapolis}, title={Conquest of Spain and the Emirate}, booktitle={Muslim Spain, Its History and Culture}, publisher={University of Minnesota Press}, author={Chejne, Anwar G.}, year={1974}, pages={3–31} }

@inbook{Chibnall_2004a, address={Cambridge}, title={England and Normandy, 1042-1137}, booktitle={The New Cambridge Medieval History: Vol. 4: c.1024-c.1198}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Chibnall, M.}, year={2004} }

@inbook{Chibnall_1986, address={Oxford}, title={The First Phases of Conquest}, booktitle={Anglo-Norman England, 1066-1166}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Chibnall, Marjorie}, year={1986}, pages={9–43} }

@inbook{Chibnall_1999, title={6. The Later Twentieth Century: From Feudalism to Lordship}, volume={Issues in Historiography}, booktitle={The Debate on the Norman Conquest}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Chibnall, Marjorie}, year={1999}, pages={79–96} }

@inbook{Chibnall_2004b, address={Cambridge}, title={England and Normandy, 1042-1137}, volume={The New Cambridge Medieval History}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521414111}, booktitle={The New Cambridge Medieval History}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Chibnall, Marjorie}, year={2004}, pages={191–216} }

@inbook{Clanchy_1983, address={S.l.}, title={Extract}, booktitle={England and Its Rulers, 1066-1272: Foreign Lordship and National Identity}, publisher={Fontana}, author={Clanchy, M. T.}, year={1983}, pages={37–65} }

@inbook{Clanchy_1998, address={Oxford}, edition={2nd Edition with an Eipologue on Edward I, 1272–1307}, title={The Commune of England (1258-72)}, booktitle={England and Its Rulers, 1066-1272}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Clanchy, M. T.}, year={1998} }

@book{Clark_2011, address={Woodbridge}, title={The Benedictines in the Middle Ages}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781846159473}, publisher={Boydell}, author={Clark, James G.}, year={2011} }

@inbook{Clarke_Ambrosiani_1990, address={Leicester}, title={Extract}, booktitle={Towns in the Viking Age}, publisher={Leicester University Press}, author={Clarke, Helen and Ambrosiani, Björn}, year={1990}, pages={90–106} }

@book{Clarke_1991, address={Oxford}, title={The Soderini and the Medici: Power and Patronage in Fifteenth-Century Florence}, publisher={Clarendon}, author={Clarke, Paula C.}, year={1991} }

@inbook{Clarke_Duggan_2012a, title={Alexander III and Byzantium}, booktitle={Pope Alexander III (1159-81): The Art of Survival}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Clarke, Peter and Duggan, Anne}, year={2012}, pages={301–313} }

@inbook{Clarke_Duggan_2012b, address={Farnham}, title={Alexander III and Byzantium}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781409442295}, booktitle={Pope Alexander III (1159-81): The Art of Survival}, publisher={Ashgate}, author={Clarke, Peter and Duggan, Anne}, year={2012}, pages={301–313} }

@book{Cleary_1990, address={Savage, Md}, title={The Ending of Roman Britain}, publisher={Barnes & Noble}, author={Cleary, A. S. Esmonde}, year={1990} }

@book{Cohen_1982a, address={Ithaca}, title={The Friars and the Jews: The Evolution of Medieval Anti-Judaism}, url={http://eu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=13398651180002671&institutionId=2671&customerId=2670}, publisher={Cornell University Press}, author={Cohen, Jeremy}, year={1982} }

@book{Cohen_1982b, address={Ithaca}, title={The Friars and the Jews: The Evolution of Medieval Anti-Judaism}, url={http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.01179}, publisher={Cornell University Press}, author={Cohen, Jeremy}, year={1982} }

@book{Cohn_1992a, address={Baltimore}, title={The Cult of Remembrance and the Black Death: Six Renaissance Cities in Central Italy}, publisher={Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={Cohn, Samuel Kline}, year={1992} }

@book{Cohn_1992b, address={Baltimore}, title={The Cult of Remembrance and the Black Death: Six Renaissance Cities in Central Italy}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.01262}, publisher={Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={Cohn, Samuel Kline}, year={1992} }

@book{Cohn_2002, address={London}, title={The Black Death Transformed: Disease and Culture in Early Renaissance Europe}, publisher={Arnold}, author={Cohn, Samuel Kline}, year={2002} }

@inbook{Collins_1989, address={Oxford}, title={‘A Developing Kingdom’ and ‘Adjusting to Conquest’}, booktitle={The Arab Conquest of Spain, 710-797}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Collins, Roger}, year={1989} }

@inbook{Collins_1991a, address={Basingstoke}, title={Towards a New Western Empire, 714–800}, booktitle={Early Medieval Europe, 300-1000}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Collins, Roger}, year={1991}, pages={262–290} }

@inbook{Collins_1991b, address={Basingstoke}, title={The New Constantine}, booktitle={Early Medieval Europe, 300-1000}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Collins, Roger}, year={1991}, pages={291–308} }

@inbook{Collins_1995, address={Basingstoke}, edition={2nd Edition}, title={The Arab Conquest}, volume={New studies in medieval history}, booktitle={Early Medieval Spain: Unity in Diversity, 400-1000}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Collins, Roger}, year={1995}, pages={144–179} }

@inbook{Collins_1998, address={London}, title={The Imperial Coronation of 800 and its Aftermath}, booktitle={Charlemagne}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Collins, Roger}, year={1998}, pages={141–159} }

@book{Collins_1999, address={New York}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Early Medieval Europe, 300-1000}, volume={History of Europe}, publisher={St. Martin’s Press}, author={Collins, Roger}, year={1999} }

@book{Collins_2010a, address={London}, title={Keepers of the Keys of Heaven: A History of the Papacy}, publisher={Phoenix}, author={Collins, Roger}, year={2010} }

@inbook{Collins_2010b, address={New York, NY}, edition={3rd Edition}, title={Constantinople, Persia and the Arabs}, volume={History of Europe}, booktitle={Early Medieval Europe, 300-1000}, publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}, author={Collins, Roger}, year={2010} }

@inbook{Constable_1996, address={Cambridge}, title={The Realities of Reform: (2) Monastic Activities and Relations With Secular Society}, booktitle={The Reformation of the Twelfth Century}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Constable, Giles}, year={1996} }

@inbook{Contamine_Jones_1986, address={Malden, MA}, title={Medieval Society in its Prime From the Mid-Twelfth to the Early Fourteenth Century: Fortifications}, booktitle={War in the Middle Ages}, publisher={Blackwell Publishing}, author={Contamine, Philippe and Jones, Michael}, year={1986}, pages={101–115} }

@inbook{Coulson_1992, address={Woodbridge}, title={Some Analysis of the Castle of Bodiam, East Sussex}, booktitle={The Ideals and Practice of Medieval Knighthood IV: Papers From the Fifth Strawberry Hill Conference, 1990 / Edited by Christopher Harper-Bill and Ruth Harvey}, publisher={Boydell}, author={Coulson, Charles}, editor={Harvey, Ruth and Harper-Bill, Christopher}, year={1992}, pages={51–107} }

@inbook{Coupland_1995a, address={Cambridge}, title={The Vikings in Francia and Anglo-Saxon England to 911}, booktitle={The New Cambridge Medieval History: Vol. 2: C. 700-C. 900}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Coupland, S.}, year={1995}, pages={190–201} }

@inbook{Coupland_1995b, address={Cambridge}, title={The Vikings in Francia and Anglo-Saxon England to 911}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/new-cambridge-medieval-history/810701D6D8EE32B45163DF10B2A8B029}, booktitle={The New Cambridge Medieval History - Volume 2: C. 700-C. 900}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Coupland, S.}, year={1995}, pages={190–201} }

@article{Coupland_1999, title={The Frankish Tribute Payments to the Vikings and their Consequences}, volume={26}, number={1}, journal={Francia: Forschungen zur westeuropäischen}, author={Coupland, S.}, year={1999}, pages={57–75} }

@inbook{Cowdrey_1984, address={London}, title={The Genesis of the Crusades: The Springs of the Holy War}, volume={History series}, booktitle={Popes, Monks and Crusaders}, publisher={Hambledon}, author={Cowdrey, H. E. J.}, year={1984} }

@book{Curry_1993, address={Basingstoke}, title={The Hundred Years War}, volume={British History in Perspective}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Curry, Anne}, year={1993} }

@article{Daly_1994, title={Clovis: How Barbaric, How Pagan?}, volume={69}, DOI={10.2307/3040846}, number={3}, journal={Speculum}, author={Daly, William M.}, year={1994}, pages={619–664} }

@inbook{Danziger_Gillingham_2004, address={London}, title={‘The Great Charter’ and ‘The Myth’}, booktitle={1215: The Year of Magna Carta}, publisher={Coronet}, author={Danziger, Danny and Gillingham, John}, year={2004}, pages={255–284} }

@inbook{Dark_2000, address={Stroud}, title={Eastern Britain in the later fifth and sixth centuries}, booktitle={Britain and the End of the Roman Empire}, publisher={Tempus}, author={Dark, Ken}, year={2000}, pages={58–104} }

@inbook{Davis_1976, address={London}, title={Extract}, booktitle={The Normans and Their Myth}, publisher={Thames & Hudson}, author={Davis, R. H. C.}, year={1976}, pages={103–132} }

@inbook{Davis_Moore_2005, address={Harlow, England}, edition={3rd ed}, title={Part Two: 3.Monasticism in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries}, booktitle={A History of Medieval Europe From Constantine to Saint Louis}, publisher={Longman}, author={Davis, R. H. C. and Moore, R. I.}, year={2005}, pages={284–302} }

@book{Davis_Moore_2006a, address={Harlow, England}, edition={3rd ed}, title={A History of Medieval Europe From Constantine to Saint Louis}, publisher={Longman}, author={Davis, R. H. C. and Moore, R. I.}, year={2006} }

@book{Davis_Moore_2006b, address={Harlow}, title={A History of Medieval Europe From Constantine to Saint Louis}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781315835440}, publisher={Pearson Longman}, author={Davis, R. H. C. and Moore, R. I.}, year={2006} }

@book{Davis_Moore_2006c, address={Harlow, England}, edition={3rd ed}, title={A History of Medieval Europe From Constantine to Saint Louis}, url={http://eu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=13397736140002671&institutionId=2671&customerId=2670}, publisher={Longman}, author={Davis, R. H. C. and Moore, R. I.}, year={2006} }

@book{Davis_Moore_2006d, address={Harlow}, title={A History of Medieval Europe From Constantine to Saint Louis}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781315835440}, publisher={Pearson Longman}, author={Davis, R. H. C. and Moore, R. I.}, year={2006} }

@inbook{Davis_Moore_2006e, address={Harlow, England}, edition={3rd ed}, title={2. The Barbarian Invasions}, booktitle={A History of Medieval Europe From Constantine to Saint Louis}, publisher={Longman}, author={Davis, R. H. C. and Moore, R. I.}, year={2006}, pages={25–41} }

@inbook{Davis_Moore_2006f, address={Harlow}, title={2. The Barbarian Invasions}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781315835440}, booktitle={A History of Medieval Europe}, publisher={Pearson Longman}, author={Davis, R. H. C. and Moore, R. I.}, year={2006}, pages={25–41} }

@inbook{Davis_Moore_2006g, address={Harlow, England}, edition={3rd ed}, title={3.2 Three Reactions to the Barbarian Invasions: Theodoric the Ostrogoth}, booktitle={A History of Medieval Europe From Constantine to Saint Louis}, publisher={Longman}, author={Davis, R. H. C. and Moore, R. I.}, year={2006}, pages={48–58} }

@inbook{Davis_Moore_2006h, address={Harlow}, title={3.2 Three Reactions to the Barbarian Invasions: Theodoric the Ostrogoth}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781315835440}, booktitle={A History of Medieval Europe}, publisher={Pearson Longman}, author={Davis, R. H. C. and Moore, R. I.}, year={2006}, pages={48–58} }

@inbook{Davis_Moore_2006i, address={Harlow, England}, edition={3rd ed}, title={The Church and the Papacy}, booktitle={A History of Medieval Europe From Constantine to Saint Louis}, publisher={Longman}, author={Davis, R. H. C. and Moore, R. I.}, year={2006}, pages={71–94} }

@inbook{Davis_Moore_2006j, address={Harlow}, title={4. The Church and the Papacy}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781315835440}, booktitle={A History of Medieval Europe}, publisher={Pearson Longman}, author={Davis, R. H. C. and Moore, R. I.}, year={2006}, pages={71–94} }

@inbook{Davis_Moore_2006k, address={Harlow, England}, edition={3rd ed}, title={5. Islam}, booktitle={A History of Medieval Europe From Constantine to Saint Louis}, publisher={Longman}, author={Davis, R. H. C. and Moore, R. I.}, year={2006}, pages={95–115} }

@inbook{Davis_Moore_2006l, address={Harlow}, title={5. Islam}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781315835440}, booktitle={A History of Medieval Europe}, publisher={Pearson Longman}, author={Davis, R. H. C. and Moore, R. I.}, year={2006}, pages={95–115} }

@inbook{Davis_Moore_2006m, address={Harlow, England}, edition={3rd Edition}, title={‘The Franks: The Transference of Power From the Merovingians to the Carolingians (639-751)’ and ‘Charlemagne (768-814)’}, booktitle={A History of Medieval Europe From Constantine to Saint Louis}, publisher={Longman}, author={Davis, R. H. C. and Moore, R. I.}, year={2006}, pages={129–160} }

@inbook{Davis_Moore_2006n, address={Harlow}, title={6. The Franks: The Transference of Power From the Merovingians to the Carolingians (639-751); Charlemagne (768-814)}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781315835440}, booktitle={A History of Medieval Europe}, publisher={Pearson Longman}, author={Davis, R. H. C. and Moore, R. I.}, year={2006}, pages={129–160} }

@inbook{Davis_Moore_2006o, address={Harlow, England}, edition={3rd ed}, title={The Break-up of the Carolingian Empire: Postscript: The Vikings}, booktitle={A History of Medieval Europe From Constantine to Saint Louis}, publisher={Longman}, author={Davis, R. H. C. and Moore, R. I.}, year={2006}, pages={186–189} }

@inbook{Davis_Moore_2006p, address={Harlow}, title={7. The Break-up of the Carolingian Empire: Postscript: The Vikings}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781315835440}, booktitle={A History of Medieval Europe}, publisher={Pearson Longman}, author={Davis, R. H. C. and Moore, R. I.}, year={2006}, pages={186–189} }

@inbook{Davis_Moore_2006q, address={Harlow, England}, edition={3rd Edition}, title={Jerusalem Regained and Lost: The First Three Crusades}, booktitle={A History of Medieval Europe From Constantine to Saint Louis}, publisher={Longman}, author={Davis, R. H. C. and Moore, R. I.}, year={2006}, pages={303–322} }

@inbook{Davis_Moore_2006r, address={Harlow}, title={Part Two, 4. Jerusalem Regained and Lost: The First Three Crusades}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781315835440}, booktitle={A History of Medieval Europe}, publisher={Pearson Longman}, author={Davis, R. H. C. and Moore, R. I.}, year={2006}, pages={303–322} }

@inbook{Davis_Moore_2006s, address={Harlow, England}, edition={3rd Edition}, title={Part Two: Introduction}, booktitle={A History of Medieval Europe From Constantine to Saint Louis}, publisher={Longman}, author={Davis, R. H. C. and Moore, R. I.}, year={2006}, pages={225–232} }

@inbook{Davis_Moore_2006t, address={Harlow}, title={Part Two: Introduction}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781315835440}, booktitle={A History of Medieval Europe}, publisher={Pearson Longman}, author={Davis, R. H. C. and Moore, R. I.}, year={2006}, pages={225–232} }

@inbook{Davis_Moore_2006u, address={Harlow}, title={Part Two: 3.Monasticism in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781315835440}, booktitle={A History of Medieval Europe from Constantine to Saint Louis}, publisher={Pearson Longman}, author={Davis, R. H. C. and Moore, R. I.}, year={2006}, pages={284–302} }

@inbook{Davis_Moore_2006v, address={Harlow, England}, edition={3rd Edition}, title={The Crisis of the Church: St Francis (1182-1226) - Inspiration and Authority}, booktitle={A History of Medieval Europe From Constantine to Saint Louis}, publisher={Longman}, author={Davis, R. H. C. and Moore, R. I.}, year={2006}, pages={388–401} }

@inbook{Davis_Moore_2006w, address={Harlow}, title={Part Two: 7. The Crisis of the Church: 2: St Francis (1182-1226): Inspiration and Authority}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781315835440}, booktitle={A History of Medieval Europe from Constantine to Saint Louis}, publisher={Pearson Longman}, author={Davis, R. H. C. and Moore, R. I.}, year={2006}, pages={388–401} }

@inbook{DeAragon_2002, address={Basingstoke}, title={Wife, Widow, and Mother: Some Comparisons Between Eleanor of Aquitaine and Noblewoman of the Anglo-Norman and Angevin World}, booktitle={Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord and Lady}, publisher={Palgrave}, author={DeAragon, R. C.}, year={2002}, pages={97–114} }

@book{Dickinson_1961, title={Monastic Life in Medieval England}, publisher={Black}, author={Dickinson, J. C.}, year={1961} }

@book{Douglas_1964, address={London}, title={William the Conqueror: The Norman Impact Upon England}, publisher={Eyre & Spottiswoode}, author={Douglas, David C.}, year={1964} }

@inbook{Douglas_1969, address={London}, title={Norman Conquests 1050-1100}, booktitle={The Norman Achievement, 1050-1100}, publisher={Eyre & Spottiswoode}, author={Douglas, David C.}, year={1969}, pages={44–53} }

@book{Duby_1997, address={Cambridge, UK}, title={Women of the Twelfth Century}, publisher={Polity Press}, author={Duby, Georges}, year={1997} }

@book{Dunn_2000, address={Oxford}, title={The Emergence of Monasticism: From the Desert Fathers to the Early Middle Ages}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Dunn, Marilyn}, year={2000} }

@inbook{Dutton_1993, address={Peterborough, Ont}, title={The Annals of Lorsch}, booktitle={Carolingian Civilization: A Reader}, publisher={Broadview}, author={Dutton, Paul Edward}, year={1993}, pages={11–12} }

@book{Edwards_1994a, address={Manchester}, title={The Jews in Western Europe, 1400-1600}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Edwards, John}, year={1994} }

@book{Edwards_1994b, address={Manchester}, title={The Jews in Western Europe, 1400-1600}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.medievalsources.co.uk/jewsinwest.htm}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Edwards, John}, year={1994} }

@book{Esmonde Cleary_2000, address={London}, title={The Ending of Roman Britain}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780203470046}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Esmonde Cleary, A. S.}, year={2000} }

@book{Evans_1994, address={London}, edition={Rev. ed}, title={The Sutton Hoo Ship Burial}, publisher={Published for the Trustees of the British Museum by British Museum Press}, author={Evans, Angela Care}, year={1994} }

@book{Evans_1931, address={London}, title={Monastic Life at Cluny, 910-1157}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Evans, Joan}, year={1931} }

@inbook{Evans_2009, address={Cambridge}, title={A Remarkable Woman? Popular Historians and the Image of Eleanor of Aquitaine}, volume={18}, url={https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=661909}, booktitle={Defining Medievalism(s) II}, publisher={D.S. Brewer}, author={Evans, M.}, year={2009}, pages={244–264} }

@book{Farrell_1982, address={London}, title={The Vikings}, publisher={Phillimore}, author={Farrell, R. T.}, year={1982} }

@inbook{Fitzstephen_1968, address={New York}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Description of London in 1173}, volume={Ideas and Institutions in Western Civilization}, booktitle={The Medieval World, 300-1300}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Fitzstephen, William}, year={1968}, pages={252–257} }

@book{Folz_1974, address={London}, title={The Coronation of Charlemagne, 25 December 800}, publisher={Routledge and Kegan Paul}, author={Folz, Robert}, year={1974} }

@article{Foot_1996, title={The Making of Angelcynn: English Identity Before the Norman Conquest}, volume={6}, url={https://www.jstor.org/stable/3679228?sid=primo&origin=crossref}, journal={Transactions of the Royal Historical Society}, author={Foot, S.}, year={1996}, pages={25–49} }

@inbook{Foote_Wilson_1990, address={London}, edition={1st Joint Edition Reprint}, title={Extract}, volume={Sidgwick&Jackson great civilizations series}, booktitle={The Viking Achievement: The Society and Culture of Early Medieval Scandinavia}, publisher={Sidgwick and Jackson}, author={Foote, Peter and Wilson, David M.}, year={1990}, pages={195–203} }

@inbook{Fouracre_1995a, address={[Place of publication not identified]}, title={Frankish Gaul to 814}, booktitle={The New Cambridge Medieval History: Vol. 2: c.700-c.900}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Fouracre, P.}, year={1995} }

@inbook{Fouracre_1995b, address={Cambridge}, title={Frankish Gaul to 814}, volume={The New Cambridge Medieval History}, url={http://eu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=13409268610002671&institutionId=2671&customerId=2670}, booktitle={The New Cambridge Medieval History: Vol. 2: c.700-c.900}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Fouracre, P.}, year={1995}, pages={85–109} }

@inbook{Fouracre_2000, address={Harlow}, title={Francia Under the Hammer: Military Organisation}, volume={The Medieval World}, booktitle={The Age of Charles Martel}, publisher={Longman}, author={Fouracre, Paul}, year={2000}, pages={145–150} }

@book{Frankl_1962a, address={Harmondsworth}, title={Gothic Architecture}, volume={The Pelican History of Art}, publisher={Penguin}, author={Frankl, Paul}, year={1962} }

@inbook{Frankl_1962b, address={Harmondsworth}, title={The Transition}, volume={9}, booktitle={Gothic Architecture}, publisher={Penguin}, author={Frankl, Paul}, year={1962}, pages={15–33} }

@inbook{Frankl_1962c, address={Harmondsworth}, title={The Early Gothic Period}, volume={9}, booktitle={Gothic Architecture}, publisher={Penguin}, author={Frankl, Paul}, year={1962}, pages={34–78} }

@book{Frere_1991, address={London}, edition={3rd rev. ed}, title={Britannia: A History of Roman Britain}, publisher={Pimlico}, author={Frere, Sheppard}, year={1991} }

@book{Froissart_Brereton_1968, address={Harmondsworth}, title={Chronicles}, publisher={Penguin Books}, author={Froissart, Jean and Brereton, Geoffrey}, year={1968} }

@inbook{Fubini_2015, address={Florence}, edition={1st Edition}, title={Lorenzo the Magnificent’s Regime: Aims, Image and Constitutional Framework}, volume={Villa I Tatti}, booktitle={The Medici: Citizens and Masters}, publisher={Villa I Tatti, the Harvard University Center for Italian Renaissance Studies}, author={Fubini, R.}, editor={Black, Robert and Law, John E.}, year={2015}, pages={61–84} }

@book{Ganshof_1949, address={Glasgow}, title={The Imperial Coronation of Charlemagne: Theories and Facts}, volume={Glasgow University publications}, publisher={Jackson}, author={Ganshof, F. L.}, year={1949} }

@inbook{Garmonsway_1953, address={London}, title={Account of the Viking Raid on Lindisfarne in 793}, volume={Everyman’s Library Series}, booktitle={The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle}, publisher={Dent}, author={Garmonsway, G. N.}, year={1953}, pages={56–57} }

@misc{Gearon_2011, title={The Arab Invasions}, volume={61}, url={https://www.historytoday.com/eamonn-gearon/arab-invasions-first-islamic-empire}, journal={History Today}, author={Gearon, Eamonn}, year={2011}, pages={47–52} }

@book{Geary_1998, address={Peterborough, Ont}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Readings in Medieval History: Vol. 2: The Later Middle Ages}, publisher={Broadview Press}, author={Geary, Patrick J.}, year={1998} }

@article{Genet_1984, address={Nottingham}, title={English Nationalism: Thomas Polton and the Council of Constance}, volume={28}, journal={Nottingham Mediaeval Studies}, author={Genet, J.-P.}, year={1984}, pages={60–78} }

@book{Gerson_1986, address={New York}, title={Abbot Suger and Saint-Denis: A Symposium}, publisher={Metropolitan Museum of Art}, author={Gerson, Paula Lieber}, year={1986} }

@book{Gibbs-Smith_1973, address={London}, title={The Bayeux Tapestry}, publisher={Phaidon}, author={Gibbs-Smith, C. H.}, year={1973} }

@inbook{Gillingham_1995, address={Woodbridge}, title={Events and Opinions: Norman and English Views of Aquitaine, c.1152-c.1204}, booktitle={The World of Eleanor of Aquitaine: Literature and Society in Southern France Between the Eleventh and Thirteenth Centuries}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={Gillingham, J.}, year={1995}, pages={57–81} }

@inbook{Gillingham_1984, address={London}, title={Extract}, volume={Foundations of Medieval History}, booktitle={The Angevin Empire}, publisher={Arnold}, author={Gillingham, John}, year={1984}, pages={65–85} }

@inbook{Gillingham_1994, address={London}, title={Magna Carta and Royal Government}, booktitle={Richard Coeur De Lion: Kingship, Chivalry and War in the Twelfth Century}, publisher={Hambledon}, author={Gillingham, John}, year={1994}, pages={201–209} }

@book{Goffart_1980, address={Princeton, NJ}, title={Barbarians and Romans: A.D. 418-584: The Techniques of Accommodation}, publisher={Princeton University Press}, author={Goffart, Walter A.}, year={1980}, pages={3–5} }

@book{Golding_1994, address={New York}, title={Conquest and Colonisation: The Normans in Britain, 1066-1100}, volume={British History in Perspective}, publisher={St. Martin’s}, author={Golding, Brian}, year={1994} }

@article{Goldthwaite_1987, title={The Medici Bank and the World of Florentine Capitalism}, volume={114}, DOI={10.1093/past/114.1.3}, number={1}, journal={Past and Present}, author={Goldthwaite, Richard A.}, year={1987}, pages={3–31} }

@inbook{Goldthwaite_1995, address={Aldershot}, title={The Medici Bank and the World of Florentine Capitalism}, volume={Collected Studies}, booktitle={Banks, Palaces and Entrepreneurs in Renaissance Florence}, publisher={Variorum}, author={Goldthwaite, Richard A.}, year={1995}, pages={3–31} }

@book{Gottfried_1983, address={New York}, title={The Black Death: Natural and Human Disaster in Medieval Europe}, publisher={Free Press}, author={Gottfried, Robert S.}, year={1983} }

@book{Graham-Campbell_Kidd_1980, address={London}, title={The Vikings}, publisher={Published for the Trustees of the British Museum by British Museum Publications Limited}, author={Graham-Campbell, James and Kidd, Dafydd}, year={1980} }

@inbook{Green_1999a, address={Cambridge}, title={Florence}, booktitle={The New Cambridge Medieval History: Vol. 5: c.1198-1300}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Green, L.}, year={1999}, pages={479–497} }

@inbook{Green_1999b, address={Cambridge}, title={Florence}, volume={The New Cambridge Medieval History}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521362894}, booktitle={The New Cambridge Medieval History}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Green, L.}, year={1999}, pages={479–497} }

@inbook{Gregory_2005, address={Malden, Mass}, title={Extract}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=228571}, booktitle={A History of Byzantium, 306-1453}, publisher={Blackwell Pub}, author={Gregory, Timothy E.}, year={2005}, pages={304–308} }

@book{Gregory_2010, address={Chichester, U.K.}, edition={2nd ed}, title={A History of Byzantium}, volume={Blackwell history of the ancient world}, publisher={Wiley-Blackwell}, author={Gregory, Timothy E.}, year={2010} }

@book{Gummer_2010, address={London}, title={The Scourging Angel: The Black Death in the British Isles}, publisher={Vintage}, author={Gummer, Benedict}, year={2010} }

@inbook{Gutkind_1938, address={Oxford}, title={Extract}, volume={Oxford Studies in Modern Languages and Literature}, booktitle={Cosimo De’ Medici: Pater Patriae, 1389-1464}, publisher={Clarendon}, author={Gutkind, Curt S.}, year={1938}, pages={106–123} }

@inbook{Harris_2003, address={Stroud}, title={Trading Exchange}, booktitle={Byzantium, Britain & the West: The Archaeology of Cultural Identity, AD 400-650}, publisher={Tempus}, author={Harris, Anthea}, year={2003}, pages={41–72} }

@inbook{Harris_2014, address={London}, edition={2nd Edition}, title={The Friend of the Latins}, booktitle={Byzantium and the Crusades}, publisher={Bloomsbury Academic}, author={Harris, Jonathan}, year={2014}, pages={99–120} }

@inbook{Harris_2016a, address={New Haven}, title={The Enemy Within}, booktitle={The Lost World of Byzantium}, publisher={Yale University Press}, author={Harris, Jonathan}, year={2016}, pages={177–197} }

@inbook{Harris_2016b, address={New Haven}, title={The Enemy Within}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=3446690}, booktitle={The Lost World of Byzantium}, publisher={Yale University Press}, author={Harris, Jonathan}, year={2016}, pages={177–197} }

@book{Harris_2017, address={London}, edition={2nd Edition}, title={Constantinople: Capital of Byzantium}, publisher={Bloomsbury Academic}, author={Harris, Jonathan}, year={2017} }

@inbook{Harriss_2005a, address={Oxford}, title={Trade, Industry, and Towns: Urban Society}, volume={The New Oxford History of England}, booktitle={Shaping the Nation: England, 1360-1461}, publisher={Clarendon}, author={Harriss, Gerald}, year={2005}, pages={281–309} }

@inbook{Harriss_2005b, address={Oxford}, title={England, France, and Christendom, 1306-1413}, volume={The New Oxford History of England}, booktitle={Shaping the Nation: England, 1360-1461}, publisher={Clarendon}, author={Harriss, Gerald}, year={2005}, pages={405–432} }

@inbook{Harriss_2005c, address={Oxford}, title={Agrarian Society}, volume={The new Oxford history of England}, booktitle={Shaping the Nation: England, 1360-1461}, publisher={Clarendon}, author={Harriss, Gerald}, year={2005}, pages={214–242} }

@inbook{Harvey_1950, address={London}, title={Extract}, volume={The British Art and Building Series}, booktitle={The Gothic World, 1100-1600: A Survey of Architecture and Art}, publisher={Batsford}, author={Harvey, John}, year={1950}, pages={59–71} }

@inbook{Harvey_1995, address={Woodbridge}, title={Eleanor of Aquitaine and the Troubadours}, booktitle={The World of Eleanor of Aquitaine: Literature and Society in Southern France Between the Eleventh and Thirteenth Centuries}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={Harvey, R.}, year={1995}, pages={101–114} }

@book{Hatcher_1977, address={London}, title={Plague, Population and the English Economy, 1348-1530}, volume={Studies in Economic and Social History}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Hatcher, John}, year={1977} }

@article{Hatcher_1994, title={England in the Aftermath of the Black Death.}, url={https://www.jstor.org/stable/651142}, number={144}, journal={Past & Present}, author={Hatcher, John}, year={1994}, pages={3–35} }

@inbook{Hay_Law_1989, address={London}, title={Extract}, volume={Longman History of Italy}, booktitle={Italy in the Age of the Renaissance, 1380-1530}, publisher={Longman}, author={Hay, Denys and Law, John E.}, year={1989}, pages={248–260} }

@inbook{Heather_1998, address={Oxford, UK}, title={Ostrogothic Italy: Kingdom and Empire}, booktitle={The Goths}, publisher={Blackwell Publishers}, author={Heather, P.}, year={1998}, pages={216–258} }

@book{Heather_2010, address={New York}, title={Empires and Barbarians: The Fall of Rome and the Birth of Europe}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Heather, P. J.}, year={2010} }

@book{Heather_2006, address={London}, title={The Fall of the Roman Empire}, publisher={Pan}, author={Heather, Peter}, year={2006} }

@misc{Heather_2011, title={The Fall of Rome}, url={http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/fallofrome_article_01.shtml}, author={Heather, Peter}, year={2011} }

@book{Henderson_1896, address={London}, title={Select Historical Documents of the Middle Ages}, volume={Bohn’s Antiquarian Library}, publisher={Bell}, author={Henderson, Ernest F.}, year={1896} }

@book{Herlihy_Cohn_1997, address={Cambridge, Mass}, title={The Black Death and the Transformation of the West}, publisher={Harvard University Press}, author={Herlihy, David and Cohn, Samuel K.}, year={1997} }

@inbook{Herrin_2001a, address={London}, title={The Achievement of Gregory the Great}, booktitle={The Formation of Christendom}, publisher={Phoenix}, author={Herrin, Judith}, year={2001}, pages={145–182} }

@inbook{Herrin_2001b, address={London}, title={‘The Carolingian Innovation’ and ‘The Two Emperors of Christendom’}, booktitle={The Formation of Christendom}, publisher={Phoenix}, author={Herrin, Judith}, year={2001}, pages={390–476} }

@book{Hibbert_1974a, address={London}, title={The Rise and Fall of the House of Medici}, publisher={Allen Lane}, author={Hibbert, Christopher}, year={1974} }

@book{Hibbert_1974b, address={London}, title={The Rise and Fall of the House of Medici}, publisher={Allen Lane}, author={Hibbert, Christopher}, year={1974} }

@article{Hicks_2009, title={Magnificent Entrances and Undignified Exits: Chronicling the Symbolism of Castle Space in Normandy}, volume={35}, DOI={10.1016/j.jmedhist.2009.01.001}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Medieval History}, author={Hicks, Leonie V.}, year={2009}, pages={52–69} }

@inbook{Hillenbrand_2005a, address={Cambridge}, title={Muhammad and the Rise of Islam}, url={http://eu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=13408682580002671&institutionId=2671&customerId=2670}, booktitle={The New Cambridge Medieval History: Vol. 1: c.500-c.700}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Hillenbrand, C.}, year={2005}, pages={317–345} }

@inbook{Hillenbrand_2005b, title={Muhammad and the Rise of Islam}, url={http://eu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=13409268650002671&institutionId=2671&customerId=2670}, booktitle={New Cambridge Medieval History Vol. 1 c.500-c.700}, author={Hillenbrand, C.}, year={2005}, pages={317–345} }

@inbook{Hitchcock_2014, address={Edinburgh}, title={The Invasion of the Iberian Peninsula - the Eighth Century}, volume={The new Edinburgh Islamic surveys}, booktitle={Muslim Spain Reconsidered: From 711 to 1502}, publisher={Edinburgh University Press}, author={Hitchcock, Richard}, year={2014}, pages={14–39} }

@inbook{Hollister_1969, address={New York}, title={Extract}, volume={Major Issues in History}, booktitle={The Twelfth-Century Renaissance}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Hollister, C. Warren}, year={1969}, pages={121–135} }

@book{Holmes_1988a, address={Oxford}, title={The Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Holmes, George}, year={1988} }

@inbook{Holmes_1988b, address={Oxford}, title={The Society of Northern Europe in the High Middle Ages, 900-1200}, booktitle={The Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Holmes, George}, year={1988} }

@inbook{Holmes_1988c, address={Oxford}, title={The Society of Northern Europe in the High Middle Ages, 900-1200}, booktitle={The Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Holmes, George}, year={1988} }

@book{Holmes_1988d, address={Oxford}, title={The Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Holmes, George}, year={1988} }

@book{Holmes_1988e, address={Oxford}, title={The Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Holmes, George}, year={1988} }

@book{Holmes_1988f, address={Oxford}, title={The Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Holmes, George}, year={1988} }

@inbook{Holmes_2000, address={Oxford}, edition={2nd Edition}, title={Extract}, booktitle={Europe: Hierarchy and Revolt, 1320-1450}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Holmes, George}, year={2000}, pages={67–83} }

@inbook{Holt_1992, address={Cambridge}, edition={2nd Edition}, title={Crisis and Civil War}, booktitle={Magna Carta}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Holt, J. C.}, year={1992} }

@article{Hook_1978, title={The Rule of the Nine in Siena. (1285-1355)}, volume={28}, url={https://search.proquest.com/docview/1299021356?OpenUrlRefId=info:xri/sid:primo&accountid=11455}, number={1}, journal={History Today}, author={Hook, Judith}, year={1978}, pages={23–30} }

@book{Horrox_1994, address={Manchester}, title={The Black Death}, volume={Manchester Medieval Sources Series}, url={http://eu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=13397736130002671&institutionId=2671&customerId=2670}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Horrox, Rosemary}, year={1994} }

@book{Horrox_2000, title={The Black Death}, volume={Manchester medieval sources series}, url={http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/mmso/16t53e}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Horrox, Rosemary}, year={2000} }

@inbook{Housley_2006, address={Malden, MA}, title={The Development of Crusading in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries}, volume={Contesting the past}, booktitle={Contesting the Crusades}, publisher={Blackwell Pub}, author={Housley, Norman}, year={2006}, pages={48–74} }

@book{Housley_2008, address={London}, title={Fighting for the Cross: Crusading to the Holy Land}, publisher={Yale University Press}, author={Housley, Norman}, year={2008} }

@inbook{Houts_2000, title={III: The Normans and Britain: The Norman Conquest}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.medievalsources.co.uk/normans.htm}, booktitle={The Normans in Europe}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Houts, Elisabeth N. C. Van}, year={2000}, pages={102–181} }

@misc{Hudson_2011, title={Overview: The Normans, 1066 - 1154}, url={http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/normans/overview_normans_01.shtml}, author={Hudson, J.}, year={2011} }

@inbook{Humphries_2000, address={Cambridge}, title={Italy AD 425-605}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521325912}, booktitle={Late Antiquity: Empire and Successors, Ad 425-600}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Humphries, M.}, year={2000}, pages={525–551} }

@inbook{Huscroft_2004a, address={Harlow}, title={6. Ruling the Kingdom, 1066-1154}, url={https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=1596517}, booktitle={Ruling England, 1042-1217}, publisher={Pearson/Longman}, author={Huscroft, Richard}, year={2004}, pages={111–143} }

@inbook{Huscroft_2004b, address={Hoboken}, title={Ruling the Kingdom, 1066-1154}, url={https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=1596517}, booktitle={Ruling England, 1042-1217}, publisher={Taylor and Francis}, author={Huscroft, Richard}, year={2004}, pages={111–143} }

@inbook{Huscroft_2004c, address={Harlow}, title={The Reigns, 1154-1217}, booktitle={Ruling England, 1042-1217}, publisher={Pearson/Longman}, author={Huscroft, Richard}, year={2004}, pages={172–184} }

@inbook{Huscroft_2004d, address={Hoboken}, title={The Reigns, 1154-1217}, url={https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=1596517}, booktitle={Ruling England, 1042-1217}, publisher={Taylor and Francis}, author={Huscroft, Richard}, year={2004}, pages={172–184} }

@inbook{Hyde_1972a, address={Berkeley}, title={Contemporary Views on Faction and Civil Strife in 13th and 14th Century Italy}, volume={UCLA Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies contributions, 5}, booktitle={Violence and Civil Disorder in Italian Cities, 1200-1500}, publisher={University of California Press}, author={Hyde, J. K.}, editor={Martines, Lauro}, year={1972}, pages={273–307} }

@inbook{Hyde_1972b, address={Berkeley}, title={Contemporary Views on Faction and Civil Strife in 13th and 14th Century Italy}, volume={UCLA Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies contributions}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.01282}, booktitle={Violence and Civil Disorder in Italian Cities, 1200-1500}, publisher={University of California Press}, author={Hyde, J. K.}, year={1972}, pages={273–307} }

@inbook{Hyde_1973a, address={London}, title={Politics in the Age of Dante}, booktitle={Society and Politics in Medieval Italy: The Evolution of the Civil Life, 1000-1350}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Hyde, J. K.}, year={1973}, pages={124–152} }

@inbook{Hyde_1973b, address={London}, title={The Flowering of the ‘Vita Civile’}, booktitle={Society and Politics in Medieval Italy: The Evolution of the Civil Life, 1000-1350}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Hyde, J. K.}, year={1973}, pages={153–177} }

@misc{Ibeji, title={King John and Magna Carta}, url={http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/middle_ages/magna_01.shtml}, author={Ibeji, Mike} }

@inbook{Inwood_1998, address={London}, title={Medieval London, 1066-1520}, booktitle={A History of London}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Inwood, Stephen}, year={1998}, pages={53–148} }

@article{Jackson_1969, title={The ‘Traite du Sacre’ of Jean Golein}, volume={113}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/986155}, number={4}, journal={Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society}, publisher={American Philosophical SocietyAmerican Philosophical Society}, author={Jackson, Richard A.}, year={1969}, pages={305–324} }

@inbook{James_2009a, address={Harlow}, edition={1st ed}, title={Assimilation, Acculturation and Accommodation}, volume={The medieval world}, url={http://eu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=13397717160002671&institutionId=2671&customerId=2670}, booktitle={Europe’s Barbarians, AD 200-600}, publisher={Pearson/Longman}, author={James, Edward}, year={2009}, pages={193–214} }

@inbook{James_2009b, address={Harlow}, title={Assimilation, Acculturation and Accommodation}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781315835563}, booktitle={Europe’s Barbarians, AD 200-600}, publisher={Longman}, author={James, Edward}, year={2009}, pages={193–214} }

@book{Jamroziak_2013, address={New York}, title={The Cistercian Order in Medieval Europe, 1090-1500}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Jamroziak, Emilia}, year={2013} }

@inbook{Jansen_2009, address={Philadelphia}, title={Giovanni Villani on the Origins of the Guelfs and Ghibellines in Florence (ca. 1300)}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=3441910}, booktitle={Medieval Italy: Texts in Translation}, publisher={University of Pennsylvania Press}, author={Jansen, Katherine L.}, year={2009}, pages={127–130} }

@book{Johnson_2002a, address={London}, title={Behind the Castle Gate: From the Middle Ages to the Renaissance}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Johnson, Matthew}, year={2002} }

@book{Johnson_2002b, address={London}, title={Behind the Castle Gate: From Medieval to Renaissance}, url={https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=1433539}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Johnson, Matthew}, year={2002} }

@book{Jones_1971, address={London}, title={King John and Magna Carta}, volume={Seminar studies in history}, publisher={Longman}, author={Jones, J. A. P.}, year={1971} }

@inbook{Jones_2000a, address={Cambridge}, title={The Last Capetians and the Early Valois Kings, 1314-64}, booktitle={The New Cambridge Medieval History: Vol. 6: c.1300-c.1415}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Jones, M.}, year={2000}, pages={388–421} }

@inbook{Jones_2000b, address={Cambridge}, title={The Last Capetians and the Early Valois Kings, 1314-64}, volume={The New Cambridge Medieval History}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521362900}, booktitle={The New Cambridge Medieval History}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Jones, M.}, year={2000}, pages={388–421} }

@inbook{Jones_1997, address={Oxford}, title={Sovereignty and State-Building. The Branches of Government. Self-Government, Forms and Pretensions. Church, State, Civic Religion}, booktitle={The Italian City-State: From Commune to Signoria}, publisher={Clarendon}, author={Jones, P.}, year={1997}, pages={359–440} }

@inbook{Jones_1999, address={Oxford}, title={Fortifications and Sieges in Western Europe, c.800-1450}, booktitle={Medieval Warfare: A History}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Jones, R. J. C.}, editor={Keen, Maurice}, year={1999}, pages={163–185} }

@book{Jordan_1989, address={Philadelphia, PA}, title={The French Monarchy and the Jews: From Philip Augustus to the Last Capetians}, volume={The Middle Ages}, publisher={University of Pennsylvania Press}, author={Jordan, William C.}, year={1989} }

@book{Jotischky_1995, address={University Park, Pa}, title={The Perfection of Solitude: Hermits and Monks in the Crusader States}, publisher={Pennsylvania State University Press}, author={Jotischky, Andrew}, year={1995} }

@inbook{Jotischky_2004, address={Harlow}, title={The Western Knighthood on the Eve of the First Crusade}, volume={Recovering the Past}, booktitle={Crusading and the Crusader States}, publisher={Pearson/Longman}, author={Jotischky, Andrew}, year={2004}, pages={30–38} }

@inbook{Kaborycha_2011, address={Upper Saddle River, N.J.}, title={The Medici - Where Did They Come From?}, booktitle={A Short History of Renaissance Italy}, publisher={Prentice Hall}, author={Kaborycha, Lisa}, year={2011}, pages={108–116} }

@inbook{Kapelle_1979, address={London}, title={The Rule of Tostig and the Destruction of the Nobles of York}, booktitle={The Norman Conquest of the North: The Region and Its Transformation, 1000-1135}, publisher={Croom Helm}, author={Kapelle, William E.}, year={1979}, pages={109–119} }

@book{Kazhdan_1991, address={New York}, title={The Oxford dictionary of Byzantium}, url={http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195046526.001.0001/acref-9780195046526}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Kazhdan, A. P.}, year={1991} }

@book{Kazhdan_Talbot_1991, address={New York}, title={The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Kazhdan, Alexander and Talbot, Alice-Mary Maffry}, year={1991} }

@inbook{Keen_1991, address={London}, title={9. The Crusades}, booktitle={The Penguin History of Medieval Europe}, publisher={Penguin}, author={Keen, Maurice}, year={1991}, pages={117–134} }

@inbook{Keene_2000, address={Cambridge}, title={London From the Post-Roman Period to 1300}, booktitle={The Cambridge Urban History of Britain - Volume 1: c.600-c.1540}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Keene, D.}, year={2000}, pages={187–216} }

@book{Kelly_1991, address={Cambridge, Massachusetts}, title={Eleanor of Aquitaine and the Four Kings}, publisher={Harvard University Press}, author={Kelly, Amy R.}, year={1991} }

@inbook{Kennedy_1995a, title={The Muslims in Europe}, booktitle={The New Cambridge Medieval History - Volume 2: c.700-c.900}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Kennedy, Hugh}, year={1995}, pages={249–271} }

@inbook{Kennedy_1995b, address={Cambridge}, title={The Muslims in Europe}, volume={The New Cambridge Medieval History}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521362924}, booktitle={The New Cambridge Medieval History - Volume 2: c.700-c.900}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Kennedy, Hugh}, year={1995}, pages={249–271} }

@inbook{Kennedy_1996, address={London}, title={The Conquest and the Age of the Amirs, 711-56}, booktitle={Muslim Spain and Portugal: A Political History of Al-Andalus}, publisher={Longman}, author={Kennedy, Hugh}, year={1996}, pages={1–22} }

@inbook{Kennedy_2008, address={London}, title={Furthest East and Furthest West}, booktitle={The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live In}, publisher={Phoenix}, author={Kennedy, Hugh}, year={2008} }

@inbook{Kent_2004a, address={Oxford}, title={The Power of the Elites: Family, Patronage and the State}, volume={The short Oxford history of Italy}, booktitle={Italy in the Age of the Renaissance: 1300-1550}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Kent, D.}, year={2004}, pages={164–183} }

@inbook{Kent_2004b, address={Oxford}, title={The Power of the Elites: Family, Patronage and the State}, volume={The Short Oxford History of Italy}, url={https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=4963949}, booktitle={Italy in the Age of the Renaissance: 1300-1550}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Kent, D.}, year={2004}, pages={164–183} }

@book{Kent_2000, address={New Haven}, title={Cosimo de’Medici and the Florentine Renaissance}, publisher={Yale University Press}, author={Kent, D. V.}, year={2000} }

@inbook{Kent_1995, address={Lexington, Mass}, title={The Rise of the Medici}, volume={Major Problems in European History Series}, booktitle={Major Problems in the History of the Italian Renaissance}, publisher={Heath}, author={Kent, Dale}, year={1995}, pages={156–165} }

@book{Kenyon_1990, address={Leicester}, title={Medieval Fortifications}, volume={The Archaeology of Medieval Britain}, publisher={Leicester University Press}, author={Kenyon, John R.}, year={1990} }

@book{Kibler_1976, address={Austin}, title={Eleanor of Aquitaine: Patron and Politician}, volume={Symposia in the arts and the humanities}, publisher={University of Texas Press}, author={Kibler, William W.}, year={1976} }

@article{Kirby_1976, title={Henry V and the City of London}, volume={26}, url={https://search.proquest.com/docview/1299029737?pq-origsite=primo&imgSeq=1}, number={4}, journal={History Today}, author={Kirby, J}, year={1976}, pages={223–231} }

@inbook{Klapisch-Zuber_2000a, address={Cambridge}, title={Plague and Family Life}, booktitle={The New Cambridge Medieval History: Vol. 6: c.1300-c.1415}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Klapisch-Zuber, C.}, year={2000}, pages={124–154} }

@inbook{Klapisch-Zuber_2000b, address={Cambridge}, title={Plague and Family Life}, volume={The New Cambridge Medieval History}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521362900}, booktitle={The New Cambridge Medieval History}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Klapisch-Zuber, C.}, year={2000}, pages={124–154} }

@book{Knowles_1963a, edition={2nd ed}, title={The Monastic Order in England: A History of Its Development From the Times of St.Dunstan to the Fourth Lateran Council, 940-1216}, publisher={Cambridge U.P}, author={Knowles, David}, year={1963} }

@book{Knowles_1963b, address={Cambridge [Eng.]}, edition={2d ed}, title={The Monastic Order in England: A History of Its Development From the Times of St. Dunstan to the Fourth Lateran Council, 940-1216}, url={http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.01217}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Knowles, David}, year={1963} }

@book{Lambert_2002, address={Oxford}, edition={3rd Edition}, title={Medieval Heresy: Popular Movements From the Gregorian Reform to the Reformation}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Lambert, Malcolm}, year={2002} }

@book{Lane_1973a, address={Baltimore and London}, title={Venice: A Maritime Republic}, url={http://eu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=13397717240002671&institutionId=2671&customerId=2670}, publisher={Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={Lane, Frederic C.}, year={1973} }

@book{Lane_1973b, address={Baltimore}, title={Venice: A Maritime Republic}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.00964}, publisher={Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={Lane, Frederic C.}, year={1973} }

@inbook{Lansing_1991a, address={Princeton, N.J.}, title={Violence and Faction}, booktitle={The Florentine Magnates: Lineage and Faction in a Medieval Commune}, publisher={Princeton University Press}, author={Lansing, Carol}, year={1991}, pages={164–191} }

@inbook{Lansing_1991b, address={Princeton, N.J.}, title={The Popolo and the Ordinances of Justice}, booktitle={The Florentine Magnates: Lineage and Faction in a Medieval Commune}, publisher={Princeton University Press}, author={Lansing, Carol}, year={1991}, pages={192–211} }

@inbook{Larner_1971, address={London}, title={Extract}, volume={Studies in Cultural History}, booktitle={Culture and Society in Italy, 1290-1420}, publisher={Batsford}, author={Larner, John}, year={1971}, pages={14–34} }

@inbook{Larner_1980, address={London}, title={Extract}, booktitle={Italy in the Age of Dante and Petrarch, 1216-1380}, publisher={Longman}, author={Larner, John}, year={1980}, pages={106–152} }

@book{Lawrence_2001, address={Harlow}, edition={3rd Edition}, title={Medieval Monasticism: Forms of Religious Life in Western Europe in the Middle Ages}, publisher={Longman}, author={Lawrence, C. H.}, year={2001} }

@book{Lawson_2007, address={Stroud}, title={The Battle of Hastings, 1066}, volume={Battles&campaigns}, author={Lawson, M. K.}, year={2007} }

@inbook{Le Goff_2005, address={Oxford}, title={An Aborted Europe: The Carolingian World (Eighth to Tenth Centuries)}, volume={Making of Europe}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=234932}, booktitle={The Birth of Europe, 400-1500}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Le Goff, Jacques}, year={2005}, pages={29–39} }

@inbook{Le Goff_2007, address={Malden, Mass}, title={An Aborted Europe: The Carolingian World (Eighth to Tenth Centuries)}, booktitle={The Birth of Europe, 400-1500}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Le Goff, Jacques}, year={2007}, pages={29–39} }

@article{Lee_2011, address={London}, title={Attractions of Autocracy}, volume={61}, number={7}, journal={History Today}, author={Lee, Alexander}, year={2011}, pages={18–25} }

@book{Lepage_2012a, address={Jefferson, N.C.}, title={British Fortifications Through the Reign of Richard III: An Illustrated History}, publisher={McFarland & Co}, author={Lepage, Jean-Denis}, year={2012} }

@book{Lepage_2012b, address={Jefferson, N.C.}, title={British Fortifications Through the Reign of Richard III: An Illustrated History}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=823692}, publisher={McFarland & Co}, author={Lepage, Jean-Denis}, year={2012} }

@article{Lewis_1965, title={War Propaganda and Historiography in Fifteenth-Century France and England}, volume={15}, DOI={10.2307/3678814}, number={December}, journal={Transactions of the Royal Historical Society}, author={Lewis, P. S.}, year={1965}, pages={1–21} }

@inbook{Lewis_1985, address={London}, title={War, Propaganda and Historiography in Fifteenth-Century France and England}, booktitle={Essays in Later Medieval French History}, publisher={Hambledon}, author={Lewis, P. S.}, year={1985}, pages={193–213} }

@inbook{Liddiard_2005a, address={Macclesfield}, title={Castles, Conquest and Authority}, booktitle={Castles in Context: Power, Symbolism and Landscape, 1066 to 1500}, publisher={Windgather Press}, author={Liddiard, Robert}, year={2005}, pages={12–38} }

@book{Liddiard_2005b, address={Macclesfield}, title={Castles in Context: Power, Symbolism and Landscape, 1066 to 1500}, publisher={Windgather Press}, author={Liddiard, Robert}, year={2005} }

@misc{Liddiard_2010, address={Coventry}, title={Medieval Castles}, url={https://web.archive.org/web/20210517063346/https://www.advance-he.ac.uk/knowledge-hub/historical-insights-teaching-medieval-castles}, publisher={History at the Higher Education Academy}, author={Liddiard, Robert}, year={2010} }

@inbook{Lilie_1993a, address={Oxford}, edition={Revised 1988}, title={The ‘Policy of Détente’: Manuel I Comnenus (1143–1180)}, booktitle={Byzantium and the Crusader States, 1096-1204}, publisher={Clarendon}, author={Lilie, R.-J.}, year={1993}, pages={142–221} }

@inbook{Lilie_1993b, address={Oxford}, title={The ‘Policy of Détente’: Manuel I Comnenus (1143–1180)}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198204077.001.0001}, booktitle={Byzantium and the Crusader States, 1096-1204}, publisher={Clarendon}, author={Lilie, R.-J.}, year={1993}, pages={142–221} }

@inbook{Limor_2014, title={Christians and Jews}, url={http://eu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=13409290550002671&institutionId=2671&customerId=2670}, booktitle={The Cambridge History of Christianity: Volume 4}, publisher={Cambridge University Press; Reprint edition}, author={Limor, O.}, year={2014} }

@inbook{Limor_2009, address={Cambridge}, title={Christians and Jews}, volume={Cambridge History of Christianity}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521811064}, booktitle={The Cambridge History of Christianity - Volume 4: Christianity in Western Europe, c.1100–c.1500}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Limor, Ora}, year={2009}, pages={133–148} }

@inbook{Lindow_2007, address={Aldershot}, title={‘Going Beyond the Palace Facade’ and ’ The Splendid Interior’}, booktitle={The Renaissance Palace in Florence: Magnificence and Splendour in Fifteenth-Century Italy}, publisher={Ashgate}, author={Lindow, James}, year={2007} }

@inbook{Llewellyn_1971a, address={London}, title={Rome and the Ostrogoths}, booktitle={Rome in the Dark Ages}, publisher={Faber}, author={Llewellyn, Peter}, year={1971}, pages={21–51} }

@inbook{Llewellyn_1971b, address={London}, title={The Roman Church and Clergy}, booktitle={Rome in the Dark Ages}, publisher={Faber}, author={Llewellyn, Peter}, year={1971}, pages={78–108} }

@book{Logan_1983, address={London}, title={The Vikings in History}, volume={Hutchinson University Library}, publisher={Hutchinson}, author={Logan, F. Donald}, year={1983} }

@book{Logan_2003, address={London}, title={The Vikings in History}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=166694}, publisher={Taylor & Francis Ltd}, author={Logan, F. Donald}, year={2003} }

@inbook{Logoluso_2006, address={Nashville, TN.}, title={Chapter 1: ‘Buon Governo:’ Ideals of Government in the Medieval City-State}, url={http://libvm3.library.vanderbilt.edu/handle/1803/131}, booktitle={Transition to the Renaissance: Republican Values and Ideals in Florence and Siena, 1300-1500}, publisher={Vanderbilt University}, author={Logoluso, J. W.}, year={2006} }

@inbook{Lomax_1978, address={London}, title={The Muslim Conquest}, booktitle={The Reconquest of Spain}, publisher={Longman}, author={Lomax, Derek W.}, year={1978}, pages={10–16} }

@book{Loyn_1977, address={London}, title={The Vikings in Britain}, publisher={Book Club}, author={Loyn, H. R.}, year={1977} }

@inbook{Loyn_1991a, address={London}, edition={2nd Edition}, title={The Norman Conquest}, booktitle={Anglo-Saxon England and the Norman Conquest}, publisher={Longman}, author={Loyn, H. R.}, year={1991}, pages={326–341} }

@inbook{Loyn_1991b, address={Harlow}, title={8. The Norman Conquest}, volume={Social and Economic History of England}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781315845371}, booktitle={Anglo-Saxon England and the Norman Conquest}, publisher={Longman}, author={Loyn, H. R.}, year={1991}, pages={326–341} }

@book{Lynch_2013a, title={The Medieval Church: A Brief History}, url={https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=1581591}, publisher={Longman}, author={Lynch, Joseph H.}, year={2013} }

@book{Lynch_2013b, title={The Medieval Church: A Brief History}, url={https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=1581591}, publisher={Longman}, author={Lynch, Joseph H.}, year={2013} }

@book{Lynch_Adamo_2014a, address={London}, edition={2nd Edition}, title={The Medieval Church: A Brief History}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Lynch, Joseph H. and Adamo, Phillip C.}, year={2014} }

@book{Lynch_Adamo_2014b, address={London}, edition={2nd Edition}, title={The Medieval Church: A Brief History}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Lynch, Joseph H. and Adamo, Phillip C.}, year={2014} }

@inbook{Machiavelli_2007, address={[Great Britain?]}, title={Chapter VII}, booktitle={History of Florence and of the affairs of Italy: from the earliest times to the death of Lorenzo the Magnificent}, publisher={Dodo Press}, author={Machiavelli, Niccolò}, year={2007}, pages={369–375} }

@inbook{Magdalino_1988, address={Aldershot}, title={The Phenomenon of Manuel I Komnenos}, volume={Collected studies}, booktitle={Tradition and Transformation in Medieval Byzantium}, publisher={Variorum}, author={Magdalino, P.}, year={1988} }

@inbook{Magdalino_2004a, address={Cambridge}, title={The Byzantine Empire, 1118-1204}, booktitle={The New Cambridge Medieval History - Volume 4: c.1024-c.1198}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Magdalino, P.}, year={2004}, pages={611–643} }

@inbook{Magdalino_2004b, address={Cambridge}, title={The Byzantine Empire, 1118-1204}, volume={4}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521414111}, booktitle={The New Cambridge Medieval History - Volume 4: c.1024-c.1198}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Magdalino, P.}, year={2004}, pages={611–643} }

@inbook{Magdalino_2008, address={Cambridge}, title={The Empire of the Komnenoi (1118-1204)}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521832311}, booktitle={The Cambridge History of the Byzantine Empire C. 500-1492}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Magdalino, P.}, year={2008} }

@inbook{Magdalino_1993, address={Cambridge}, title={The Comnenian Empire Between East and West}, booktitle={The Empire of Manuel I Komnenos, 1143-1180}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Magdalino, Paul}, year={1993}, pages={27–108} }

@inbook{Markus_1997, address={Cambridge}, title={Terra Mea: Italy Between Two Worlds}, booktitle={Gregory the Great and His World}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Markus, R. A.}, year={1997}, pages={97–111} }

@inbook{Martindale_1967, title={The Age of Transition 1146-1240}, booktitle={Gothic Art}, publisher={Thames & Hudson}, author={Martindale, Andrew}, year={1967} }

@inbook{Martindale_1999, address={Woodbridge, Suffolk}, title={Eleanor of Aquitaine. The Last Years}, booktitle={King John: New Interpretations}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={Martindale, J.}, year={1999}, pages={137–164} }

@book{Martines_1988a, address={Baltimore}, title={Power and Imagination: City-States in Renaissance Italy}, publisher={Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={Martines, Lauro}, year={1988} }

@book{Martines_1988b, address={Baltimore}, title={Power and Imagination: City-States in Renaissance Italy}, url={https://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.01224}, publisher={Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={Martines, Lauro}, year={1988} }

@inbook{Matthew_1966a, address={London}, title={The Norman Settlement}, booktitle={The Norman Conquest}, publisher={Batsford}, author={Matthew, Donald}, year={1966}, pages={89–128} }

@inbook{Matthew_1966b, address={London}, title={Changes Under the Conqueror}, booktitle={The Norman Conquest}, publisher={Batsford}, author={Matthew, Donald}, year={1966}, pages={129–141} }

@inbook{Mayer_1988, address={Oxford}, edition={2nd Edition}, title={The Origins of the Crusades}, booktitle={The Crusades}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Mayer, Hans Eberhard}, year={1988}, pages={3–37} }

@inbook{McGlynn_2009a, address={London}, title={5. Campaigns: Ravaging: Willaim the Conqueror’s Harrying of the North, 1069-70}, booktitle={By Sword and Fire: Cruelty and Atrocity in Medieval Warfare}, publisher={Phoenix}, author={McGlynn, Sean}, year={2009}, pages={200–207} }

@inbook{McGlynn_2009b, address={London}, title={Sieges}, booktitle={By Sword and Fire: Cruelty and Atrocity in Medieval Warfare}, publisher={Phoenix}, author={McGlynn, Sean}, year={2009}, pages={141–194} }

@inbook{McHardy_1982, address={Oxford}, title={Liturgy and Propaganda in the Diocese of Lincoln During the Hundred Years’ War}, volume={Studies in church history}, booktitle={Religion and National Identity: Papers Read at the Nineteenth Summer Meeting and the Twentieth Winter Meeting of the Ecclesiastical History Society}, publisher={Blackwell for the Ecclesiastical History Society}, author={McHardy, A. K.}, year={1982}, pages={215–227} }

@inbook{McKisack_1948, address={Oxford}, title={London and the Succession to the Crown During the Middle Ages}, booktitle={Studies in Medieval History Presented to Frederick Maurice Powicke}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={McKisack, M.}, editor={Hunt, R. W. and Pantin, W. A. and Southern, R. W.}, year={1948}, pages={76–89} }

@book{McKitterick_1983, address={London}, title={The Frankish Kingdoms Under the Carolingians, 751-987}, publisher={Longman}, author={McKitterick, Rosamond}, year={1983} }

@book{McKitterick_2008a, address={Cambridge}, title={Charlemagne: The Formation of a European Identity}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={McKitterick, Rosamond}, year={2008} }

@book{McKitterick_2008b, address={Cambridge}, title={Charlemagne: The Formation of a European Identity}, url={https://royalholloway.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Holloway&isbn=9780511396533&uid=^u}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={McKitterick, Rosamond}, year={2008} }

@book{Meade_1991, address={New York}, title={Eleanor of Aquitaine: A Biography}, publisher={Penguin}, author={Meade, Marion}, year={1991} }

@inbook{Meyer_2010, address={Hoboken}, title={Papal Monarchy}, volume={Blackwell companions to European history}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=4305798}, booktitle={A Companion to the Medieval World}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Meyer, A.}, year={2010}, pages={431–457} }

@inbook{Meyer_2013, address={Chichester, West Sussex}, title={Papal Monarchy}, volume={Wiley-Blackwell Companions to European History}, booktitle={A Companion to the Medieval World}, publisher={Wiley-Blackwell}, author={Meyer, A.}, editor={Lansing, Carol and English, Edward D.}, year={2013}, pages={372–392} }

@book{Milis_1992, address={Woodbridge}, title={Angelic Monks and Earthly Men: Monasticism and Its Meaning to Medieval Society}, publisher={Boydell}, author={Milis, Ludovicus}, year={1992} }

@inbook{Mitchell_2006, address={Malden, MA}, title={6. The Barbarian Kingdoms}, url={http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip065/2005037149.html}, booktitle={A History of the Later Roman Empire, AD 284-641: The Transformation of the Ancient World}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Mitchell, Stephen}, year={2006}, pages={191–224} }

@inbook{Mohammed al-Maqqari_Horne_2015, address={London}, title={Tarik’s Address to His Soldiers’ in ’Breath of Perfumes}, booktitle={The Sacred Books and Early Literature of the East: With Historical Surveys of the Chief Writings of Each Nation}, publisher={Forgotten Books}, author={Mohammed al-Maqqari, Ahmed and Horne, C. F.}, editor={Horne, Charles F.}, year={2015}, pages={241–242} }

@inbook{Molho_2002, address={Malden, Mass}, title={Cosimo de’Medici: Pater Patriae or Padrino}, volume={Blackwell Essential Readings in History}, booktitle={The Italian Renaissance: The Essential Readings}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Molho, A.}, editor={Findlen, Paula}, year={2002}, pages={64–90} }

@book{Moore_1975, address={London}, title={The Birth of Popular Heresy}, volume={Documents of medieval history}, publisher={Edward Arnold}, author={Moore, R. I.}, year={1975} }

@book{Moore_2007a, address={Oxford}, edition={2nd Edition}, title={The Formation of a Persecuting Society: Authority and Deviance in Western Europe 950-1250}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Moore, R. I}, year={2007} }

@book{Moore_2007b, address={Malden, Mass}, edition={2nd ed}, title={The formation of a persecuting society: authority and deviance in Western Europe, 950-1250}, publisher={Blackwell Publishing}, author={Moore, R. I.}, year={2007} }

@inbook{Moorhead_1992, address={Oxford}, title={Goths and Romans}, booktitle={Theoderic in Italy}, publisher={Clarendon}, author={Moorhead, John}, year={1992}, pages={66–113} }

@inbook{Moorhead_2001a, address={Harlow}, title={2. The Western Mediterranean Till the Mid-Sixth Century}, booktitle={The Roman Empire Divided: The Post-Roman World, 400-700}, publisher={Longman}, author={Moorhead, John}, year={2001}, pages={35–65} }

@inbook{Moorhead_2001b, address={Harlow}, title={3. From Gaul to France}, booktitle={The Roman Empire Divided: The Post-Roman World, 400-700}, publisher={Longman}, author={Moorhead, John}, year={2001}, pages={66–94} }

@inbook{Moorhead_2005a, address={Cambridge}, title={Ostrogothic Italy and the Lombard Invasions}, booktitle={The New Cambridge Medieval History: Vol. 1: c.500-c.700}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Moorhead, John}, year={2005}, pages={140–161} }

@inbook{Moorhead_2005b, title={Ostrogothic Italy and the Lombard Invasions}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521362917}, booktitle={New Cambridge Medieval History Vol. 1 c.500-c.700}, author={Moorhead, John}, year={2005}, pages={140–161} }

@inbook{Moorhead_2005c, address={London}, title={Introduction}, volume={The Early Church Fathers}, booktitle={Gregory the Great}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Moorhead, John}, year={2005}, pages={1–48} }

@inbook{Moorhead_2005d, address={London}, title={1. Introduction}, volume={Early Church Fathers}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780203012635}, booktitle={Gregory the Great}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Moorhead, John}, year={2005}, pages={1–48} }

@inbook{Moorhead_2013a, address={Harlow}, title={2. The Western Mediterranean Till the Mid-Sixth Century}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781408249642}, booktitle={The Roman Empire divided, 400-700}, publisher={Longman}, author={Moorhead, John}, year={2013}, pages={39–71} }

@inbook{Moorhead_2013b, address={Harlow}, title={3. From Gaul to France}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781408249642}, booktitle={The Roman Empire divided, 400-700}, publisher={Longman}, author={Moorhead, John}, year={2013}, pages={72–105} }

@article{Moran_Mallory_1995, title={Celebrations Held in Siena During the Government of the Nine}, volume={19}, url={https://www.jstor.org/stable/43445033}, number={1}, journal={Renaissance and Reformation / Renaissance et Réforme}, publisher={Renaissance and Reformation / Renaissance et RéformeRenaissance and Reformation / Renaissance et Réforme}, author={Moran, Gordon and Mallory, Michael}, year={1995}, pages={39–44} }

@phdthesis{Morden_2007, address={California}, title={How Much Material Damage Did the Northmen Actually Do to Ninth Century Europe}, url={https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/56366875.pdf}, school={Simon Fraser University}, author={Morden, L. A.}, year={2007} }

@book{Morillo_1996, address={Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK}, title={The Battle of Hastings: Sources and Interpretations}, volume={Warfare in history}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={Morillo, Stephen}, year={1996} }

@inbook{Morris_2005a, address={Oxford}, title={5. Towards the First Crusade}, booktitle={The Sepulchre of Christ and the Medieval West: From the Beginning to 1600}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Morris, Colin}, year={2005} }

@inbook{Morris_2005b, address={Oxford}, title={5. Towards the First Crusade}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=422673}, booktitle={The Sepulchre of Christ and the Medieval West: From the Beginning to 1600}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Morris, Colin}, year={2005} }

@inbook{Mortimer_1994, address={Oxford}, title={Extract}, volume={A History of Medieval Britain}, booktitle={Angevin England, 1154-1258}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Mortimer, Richard}, year={1994}, pages={7–104} }

@inbook{Mundy_1973, address={Harlow}, title={Extract}, volume={A General History of Europe}, booktitle={Europe in the High Middle Ages, 1150-1309}, publisher={Longman}, author={Mundy, John Hine}, year={1973}, pages={442–459} }

@inbook{Murray_2013a, address={Chichester, West Sussex}, title={Romanesque and Gothic Church Architecture}, volume={Wiley-Blackwell Companions to European History}, url={http://eu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=13407003480002671&institutionId=2671&customerId=2670}, booktitle={A Companion to the Medieval World}, publisher={Wiley-Blackwell}, author={Murray, S.}, year={2013}, pages={477–499} }

@inbook{Murray_2013b, address={Hoboken}, title={Romanesque and Gothic Church Architecture}, volume={Blackwell Companions to European History}, url={https://www-dawsonera-com.ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/abstract/9781444324204}, booktitle={A Companion to the Medieval World}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Murray, S.}, year={2013}, pages={477–499} }

@book{Mynors_Thomson_Winterbottom_William of Malmesbury_1998, address={Oxford}, title={Gesta Regum Anglorum: The History of the English Kings}, volume={Oxford medieval texts}, publisher={Clarendon}, author={Mynors, R. A. B. and Thomson, R. M. and Winterbottom, M. and William of Malmesbury}, year={1998} }

@inbook{Najemy_2006, address={Cambridge}, title={Florentine Politics and Urban Spaces}, booktitle={Renaissance Florence: A Social History}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Najemy, J. M.}, year={2006}, pages={19–54} }

@inbook{Nejemy_1995, address={Lexington, Mass}, title={Guild Republicanism in Trecento Florence}, volume={Major Problems in European History Series}, booktitle={Major Problems in the History of the Italian Renaissance}, publisher={Heath}, author={Nejemy, J. M.}, editor={Kohl, Benjamin G. and Smith, Alison Andrews}, year={1995}, pages={120–130} }

@inbook{Nelson_1992, address={London}, title={Eleanor of Aquitaine}, volume={7}, booktitle={Richard Coeur De Lion in History and Myth}, publisher={Centre for Late Antique and Medieval Studies, King’s College London}, author={Nelson, Janet L.}, year={1992}, pages={17–50} }

@inbook{Nelson_2001, address={London}, title={Medieval Monasticism}, booktitle={The Medieval World}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Nelson, Janet L.}, year={2001} }

@book{Neuman_1980, address={New York}, title={The Jews in Spain: Their Social, Political and Cultural Life During the Middle Ages}, volume={The Morris Loeb Series}, publisher={Octagon}, author={Neuman, Abraham A.}, year={1980} }

@inbook{Nicol_1988, address={Cambridge}, title={The Parting of the Ways}, booktitle={Byzantium and Venice: A Study in Diplomatic and Cultural Relations}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Nicol, Donald M.}, year={1988}, pages={84–103} }

@inbook{Nightingale_1995, address={New Haven, Conn}, title={Extract}, booktitle={A Medieval Mercantile Community: The Grocers’ Company & the Politics & Trade of London, 1000-1485}, publisher={Yale University Press}, author={Nightingale, Pamela}, year={1995}, pages={6–22} }

@book{Nirenberg_1996, address={Princeton, N.J.}, title={Communities of Violence: Persecution of Minorities in the Middle Ages}, url={https://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.00423}, publisher={Princeton University Press}, author={Nirenberg, David}, year={1996} }

@book{Nirenberg_1998, address={Princeton, N.J.}, title={Communities of Violence: Persecution of Minorities in the Middle Ages}, publisher={Princeton University Press}, author={Nirenberg, David}, year={1998} }

@inbook{Ostrogorski_1968, address={Oxford}, edition={2nd Edition}, title={The Rule of the Military Aristocracy (1081--1204)}, booktitle={History of the Byzantine State}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Ostrogorski, Georgije}, year={1968} }

@book{Owen_1993, address={Oxford}, title={Eleanor of Acquitaine: Queen and Legend}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Owen, D. D. R.}, year={1993} }

@inbook{Oxenstierna_1965, address={London}, title={The Vikings Heroes or Raiders}, booktitle={The Norsemen}, publisher={Studio Vista}, author={Oxenstierna, Eric}, editor={Hutter, Catherine}, year={1965}, pages={13–48} }

@book{Paul the Deacon_1974, address={Philadelphia}, title={History of the Lombards}, volume={Sources of Medieval History}, publisher={University of Pennsylvania Press}, author={Paul the Deacon}, year={1974} }

@book{Pernoud_1967, address={London}, title={Eleanor of Aquitaine}, publisher={Collins}, author={Pernoud, Regine}, year={1967} }

@book{Peters_1980, address={London}, title={Heresy and Authority in Medieval Europe: Documents in Translation}, publisher={Scolar Press}, author={Peters, Edward}, year={1980} }

@book{Petzold_1995, address={London}, title={Romanesque Art}, publisher={Everyman}, author={Petzold, Andreas}, year={1995} }

@book{Phillips_2002a, address={Harlow}, title={The Crusades, 1095-1197}, publisher={Longman}, author={Phillips, Jonathan}, year={2002} }

@book{Phillips_2002b, address={Harlow}, title={The Crusades, 1095-1197}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781315839936}, publisher={Longman}, author={Phillips, Jonathan}, year={2002} }

@inbook{Phillips_2002c, address={Harlow}, title={Introduction}, booktitle={The Crusades, 1095-1197}, publisher={Longman}, author={Phillips, Jonathan}, year={2002}, pages={1–13} }

@inbook{Phillips_2002d, address={Harlow}, title={Introduction}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781315839936}, booktitle={The Crusades, 1095-1197}, publisher={Longman}, author={Phillips, Jonathan}, year={2002} }

@inbook{Phillips_2009, address={London}, title={‘Deus Vult!’: The First Crusade and the Capture of Jerusalem 1095-1099}, booktitle={Holy Warriors: A Modern History of the Crusades}, publisher={Bodley Head}, author={Phillips, Jonathan}, year={2009}, pages={3–14} }

@book{Pick_2004, address={Ann Arbor}, title={Conflict and Coexistence: Archbishop Rodrigo and the Muslims and Jews in Medieval Spain}, volume={History, Languages, and Cultures of the Spanish and Portuguese Worlds}, publisher={University of Michigan}, author={Pick, Lucy K}, year={2004} }

@book{Platt_1982, address={London}, title={The Castle in Medieval England and Wales}, publisher={Secker & Warburg}, author={Platt, Colin}, year={1982} }

@book{Platt_2003, address={London}, title={King Death: The Black Death and Its Aftermath in Late-Medieval England}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Platt, Colin}, year={2003} }

@inbook{Pohl_1997, address={London}, title={The Barbarian Successor States}, booktitle={The Transformation of the Roman World, AD 400-900}, publisher={British Museum}, author={Pohl, W.}, year={1997}, pages={33–47} }

@inbook{Poole_1955, address={Oxford}, edition={2nd ed}, title={The Battle of Damme}, volume={Oxford history of England}, booktitle={From Domesday Book to Magna Carta, 1087-1216}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Poole, A.L.}, year={1955}, pages={459–486} }

@inbook{Pounds_1994a, address={Cambridge}, title={Castles of the Conquest}, booktitle={The Medieval Castle in England and Wales: A Social and Political History}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Pounds, Norman John Greville}, year={1994}, pages={3–25} }

@inbook{Pounds_1994b, address={Cambridge}, title={Castles of the Conquest}, booktitle={The Medieval Castle in England and Wales: A Social and Political History}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Pounds, Norman John Greville}, year={1994}, pages={3–25} }

@book{Prestwich_1980, address={London}, title={The Three Edwards: War and State in England 1272-1377}, publisher={Methuen}, author={Prestwich, Michael}, year={1980} }

@inbook{Prestwich_1988, address={London}, title={Wales: Settlement and Rebellion}, volume={English Monarchs}, booktitle={Edward I}, publisher={Methuen}, author={Prestwich, Michael}, year={1988} }

@book{Prestwich_2003, address={London}, title={The Three Edwards: War and State in England, 1272-1377}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780203607138}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Prestwich, Michael}, year={2003} }

@book{Prestwich_2005a, address={Oxford}, title={Plantagenet England 1225-1360}, volume={The New Oxford History of England}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Prestwich, Michael}, year={2005} }

@book{Prestwich_2005b, address={Oxford}, title={Plantagenet England, 1225-1360}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=422706}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Prestwich, Michael}, year={2005} }

@inbook{Prestwich_2005c, address={Oxford}, title={Population and the Black Death: The Black Death; The Course of the Epidemic; The Consequences for Economy and Government; Church and Culture}, volume={The New Oxford History of England}, booktitle={Plantagenet England 1225-1360}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Prestwich, Michael}, year={2005}, pages={538–553} }

@inbook{Prestwich_2005d, address={Oxford}, title={Population and the Black Death: The Black Death; The Course of the Epidemic; The Consequences for Economy and Government; Church and Culture}, url={https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=422706}, booktitle={Plantagenet England, 1225-1360}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Prestwich, Michael}, year={2005}, pages={538–553} }

@book{Rex_2011a, address={Stroud}, title={1066: A New History of the Norman Conquest}, publisher={Amberley}, author={Rex, Peter}, year={2011} }

@book{Rex_2011b, address={Stroud}, title={William the Conqueror: The Bastard of Normandy}, publisher={Amberley}, author={Rex, Peter}, year={2011} }

@inbook{Richard_1999, address={Cambridge}, title={The Beginning of the Crusades}, volume={Cambridge medieval textbooks}, booktitle={The Crusades, c. 1071-c. 1291}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Richard, Jean}, year={1999} }

@book{Richards_1991a, address={London}, title={English Heritage Book of Viking Age England}, publisher={Batsford}, author={Richards, J. D.}, year={1991} }

@inbook{Richards_1979, address={London}, title={The Lombardic Crisis}, booktitle={The Popes and the Papacy in the Early Middle Ages, 476-752}, publisher={Routledge and Kegan Paul}, author={Richards, Jeffrey}, year={1979}, pages={162–180} }

@inbook{Richards_1980, address={London}, title={Gregory and the East}, booktitle={Consul of God: The Life and Times of Gregory the Great}, publisher={Routledge and Kegan Paul}, author={Richards, Jeffrey}, year={1980}, pages={217–227} }

@book{Richards_1991b, address={London}, title={Sex, Dissidence and Damnation: Minority Groups in the Middle Ages}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Richards, Jeffrey}, year={1991} }

@book{Richards_1991c, address={London}, title={Sex, Dissidence and Damnation: Minority Groups in the Middle Ages}, url={https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=1395477}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Richards, Jeffrey}, year={1991} }

@article{Richardson_1959, title={The Letters and Charters of Eleanor of Aquitaine}, volume={74}, url={https://www.jstor.org/stable/558439}, number={291}, journal={The English Historical Review}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Richardson, H. G.}, year={1959}, pages={193–213} }

@inbook{Riley-Smith_2004a, address={Cambridge}, title={The Crusades, 1095-1198}, booktitle={The New Cambridge Medieval History: Vol. 4: c. 1024-c. 1198, Part I}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Riley-Smith, J.}, year={2004}, pages={534–563} }

@inbook{Riley-Smith_2004b, address={Cambridge}, title={The Crusades, 1095-1198}, volume={The New Cambridge Medieval History}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521414111}, booktitle={The New Cambridge Medieval History}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Riley-Smith, J.}, year={2004}, pages={534–563} }

@article{Riley-Smith_1980, title={Crusading as an Act of Love}, volume={65}, DOI={10.1111/j.1468-229X.1980.tb01939.x}, number={214}, journal={History}, author={Riley-Smith, Jonathan}, year={1980}, pages={177–192} }

@inbook{Riley-Smith_1986a, address={Philadelphia}, title={Pope Urban’s Message}, booktitle={The First Crusade and the Idea of Crusading}, publisher={University of Pennsylvania Press}, author={Riley-Smith, Jonathan}, year={1986}, pages={13–30} }

@inbook{Riley-Smith_1986b, address={London}, title={Pope Urban’s Message}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=436855}, booktitle={The First Crusade and the Idea of Crusading}, publisher={Continuum}, author={Riley-Smith, Jonathan}, year={1986}, pages={13–30} }

@inbook{Riley-Smith_1986c, address={Philadelphia}, title={The Response of Lay People}, booktitle={The First Crusade and the Idea of Crusading}, publisher={University of Pennsylvania Press}, author={Riley-Smith, Jonathan}, year={1986}, pages={31–57} }

@inbook{Riley-Smith_1986d, address={London}, title={The Response of Lay People}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=436855}, booktitle={The First Crusade and the Idea of Crusading}, publisher={Continuum}, author={Riley-Smith, Jonathan}, year={1986}, pages={31–57} }

@inbook{Riley-Smith_1987, address={London}, title={The Birth of the Crusading Movement: The Preaching of the First Crusade}, booktitle={The Crusades: A Short History}, publisher={Athlone}, author={Riley-Smith, Jonathan}, year={1987} }

@inbook{Riley-Smith_1993, address={London}, title={Chapters 1 and 2}, booktitle={The First Crusade and the Idea of Crusading}, publisher={Athlone}, author={Riley-Smith, Jonathan}, year={1993} }

@book{Riley-Smith_1997, address={Cambridge}, title={The First Crusaders, 1095-1131}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Riley-Smith, Jonathan}, year={1997} }

@book{Riley-Smith_2009, address={Basingstoke}, edition={4th Edition}, title={What Were the Crusades?}, publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}, author={Riley-Smith, Jonathan}, year={2009} }

@book{Roach_2005, address={Harlow}, title={The Devil’s World: Heresy and Society, 1100-1300}, volume={The Medieval World}, publisher={Pearson Longman}, author={Roach, Andrew P.}, year={2005} }

@inbook{Rollason_2012a, address={Harlow, England}, title={2. From Roman Empire to Barbarian Kingdoms: Cataclysm or Transition}, booktitle={Early Medieval Europe 300-1050: The Birth of Western Society}, publisher={Pearson}, author={Rollason, D. W.}, year={2012}, pages={18–36} }

@inbook{Rollason_2012b, address={Harlow}, title={2. From Roman Empire to Barbarian Kingdoms: Cataclysm or Transition}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781408251232}, booktitle={Early Medieval Europe 300-1050: The Birth of Western Society}, publisher={Pearson}, author={Rollason, D. W.}, year={2012}, pages={18–36} }

@inbook{Rollason_2012c, address={Harlow, England}, title={7. The Christian Shaping of Kingship}, booktitle={Early Medieval Europe 300-1050: The Birth of Western Society}, publisher={Pearson}, author={Rollason, D. W.}, year={2012}, pages={278–299} }

@inbook{Rollason_2012d, address={Harlow}, title={7. The Christian Shaping of Kingship}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781408251232}, booktitle={Early medieval Europe 300-1050: the birth of Western society}, publisher={Pearson}, author={Rollason, D. W.}, year={2012}, pages={278–299} }

@inbook{Rosenwein_1989, address={Ithaca, N.Y.}, title={The Problem of Donations}, booktitle={To Be the Neighbor of Saint Peter: The Social Meaning of Cluny’s Property, 909-1049}, publisher={Cornell University Press}, author={Rosenwein, Barbara}, year={1989}, pages={35–48} }

@inbook{Rosser_1989, address={Oxford}, title={Extract}, booktitle={Medieval Westminster, 1200-1540}, publisher={Clarendon}, author={Rosser, Gervase}, year={1989}, pages={9–41} }

@inbook{Roth_1949, address={Oxford}, edition={2nd Edition}, title={Extract}, booktitle={A History of the Jews in England}, publisher={Clarendon}, author={Roth, Cecil}, year={1949}, pages={68–90} }

@inbook{Rowe_1969, address={Toronto}, title={Hadrian IV the Byzantine Empire and the Latin Orient}, booktitle={Essays in Medieval History: Presented to Bertie Wilkinson}, publisher={University of Toronto}, author={Rowe, J. G.}, year={1969}, pages={3–16} }

@book{Rubenstein_2011, address={New York}, edition={1st ed}, title={Armies of Heaven: The First Crusade and the Quest for Apocalypse}, publisher={Basic Books}, author={Rubenstein, Jay}, year={2011} }

@inbook{Rubinstein_1992, address={Oxford}, title={Cosimo Optimus Civis}, url={http://eu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=13410273180002671&institutionId=2671&customerId=2670}, booktitle={The Oxford Dictionary of the Renaissance}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Rubinstein, N.}, year={1992}, pages={5–20} }

@article{Rubinstein_1958, title={Political Ideas in Sienese Art: The Frescoes by Ambrogio Lorenzetti and Taddeo Di Bartolo in the Palazzo Pubblico}, volume={21}, DOI={10.2307/750823}, number={3/4}, journal={Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes}, author={Rubinstein, Nicolai}, year={1958} }

@book{Rubinstein_1978, address={London}, title={Lorenzo de’ Medici: The formation of his statecraft}, volume={1977}, publisher={British Academy}, author={Rubinstein, Nicolai}, year={1978} }

@book{Rubinstein_1997a, address={Oxford}, edition={2nd ed}, title={The Government of Florence Under the Medici (1434 to 1494)}, volume={Oxford-Warburg Studies}, publisher={Clarendon}, author={Rubinstein, Nicolai}, year={1997} }

@book{Rubinstein_1997b, address={Oxford}, title={The Government of Florence Under the Medici (1434 to 1494)}, volume={Oxford-Warburg studies}, url={https://www.fulcrum.org/concern/monographs/08612n65d}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Rubinstein, Nicolai}, year={1997} }

@book{Runciman_1971, address={Harmondsworth}, title={A History of the Crusades: Vol.1: The First Crusade and the Foundation of the Kingdom of Jerusalem}, volume={Pelican books}, publisher={Penguin}, author={Runciman, Steven}, year={1971} }

@book{Sawyer_1971, address={London}, edition={2nd Edition}, title={The Age of the Vikings}, publisher={Arnold}, author={Sawyer, P. H.}, year={1971} }

@book{Sawyer_1989, address={London}, title={Kings and Vikings: Scandinavia and Europe, AD 700-1100}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Sawyer, P. H.}, year={1989} }

@book{Sawyer_2003, address={London}, title={Kings and Vikings: Scandinavia and Europe AD 700-1100}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=178508}, publisher={Taylor and Francis}, author={Sawyer, P. H.}, year={2003} }

@book{Sawyer_1997, address={Oxford}, title={The Oxford Illustrated History of the Vikings}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Sawyer, Peter}, year={1997} }

@inbook{Scheibelreiter_2005a, address={Cambridge}, title={Church Structure and Organisation}, booktitle={The New Cambridge Medieval History: Vol. 1: c.500-c.700}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Scheibelreiter, Georg}, year={2005}, pages={675–709} }

@inbook{Scheibelreiter_2005b, address={Cambridge}, title={Church Structure and Organisation}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/new-cambridge-medieval-history/EBDBC366EDD4D89D60BDBA7EBDB9EFDE}, booktitle={The New Cambridge Medieval History : c.500-c.700}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Scheibelreiter, Georg}, year={2005}, pages={675–709} }

@book{Schevill_1936, address={New York}, title={History of Florence: From the Founding of the City Through the Renaissance}, publisher={Harcourt, Brace}, author={Schevill, Ferdinand}, year={1936} }

@book{Schevill_1963, address={New York}, title={Medieval and Renaissance Florence: Vol.1: Medieval Florence}, publisher={Harper & Row}, author={Schevill, Ferdinand}, year={1963} }

@inbook{Schevill_1964, address={New York}, title={X. The Civic Spirit and the Building of the City}, volume={Harper Torchbooks}, booktitle={Siena: The History of a Mediaeval Commune}, publisher={Harper & Row}, author={Schevill, Ferdinand}, year={1964}, pages={275–308} }

@inbook{Scholz_1972, address={Ann Arbor, Mich}, title={The Annals of Lorsch}, booktitle={Carolingian Chronicles: Royal Frankish Annals and Nithard’s Histories}, publisher={University of Michigan Press}, author={Scholz, Bernard Walter}, year={1972} }

@book{Setton_Baldwin_1969, address={Madison}, edition={2nd ed}, title={A History of the Crusades: Vol. 1: The First Hundred Years}, publisher={University of Wisconsin Press}, author={Setton, Kenneth M. and Baldwin, Marshall W.}, year={1969} }

@book{Seward_2003, address={London}, title={A Brief History of the Hundred Years War: The English in France, 1337-1453}, publisher={Robinson}, author={Seward, Desmond}, year={2003} }

@article{Shaw_1906, title={The Fall of the Visigothic Power in Spain}, volume={XXI}, DOI={10.1093/ehr/XXI.LXXXII.209}, number={LXXXII}, journal={The English Historical Review}, author={Shaw, R. Dykes}, year={1906}, pages={209–228} }

@inbook{Sheils_1984, address={Oxford}, title={The First Crusade and the persecution of the Jews}, volume={Studies in Church History}, booktitle={Persecution and Toleration: Papers Read at the Twenty-Second Summer Meeting and the Twenty-Third Winter Meeting of the Ecclesiastical History Society}, publisher={Basil Blackwell}, author={Sheils, W. J.}, year={1984}, pages={51–72} }

@inbook{Sheppard_2006, address={Oxford}, title={The Emrgence of the Medieval Capital c.1216-1530}, booktitle={London: A History}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Sheppard, Francis}, year={2006}, pages={92–122} }

@inbook{Smyth_1998, address={Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire}, title={The Emergence of English Identity, 700-1000}, booktitle={Medieval Europeans: Studies in Ethnic Identity and National Perspectives in Medieval Europe}, publisher={Macmillan Press}, author={Smyth, A. P.}, year={1998}, pages={24–52} }

@book{Southern_1990, address={Harmondsworth}, title={Western Society and the Church in the Middle Ages}, volume={2}, publisher={Penguin}, author={Southern, R. W.}, year={1990} }

@inbook{Stalley_1999, address={Oxford}, title={The Christian Basilica}, volume={Oxford History of Art}, booktitle={Early Medieval Architecture}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Stalley, Roger}, year={1999}, pages={17–36} }

@book{Stenton_1925, address={London}, edition={New edition}, title={William the Conqueror and the Rule of the Normans}, publisher={Putnam}, author={Stenton, F. M.}, year={1925} }

@inbook{Stenton_1971, address={Oxford}, edition={3rd ed}, title={XVI The Norman Conquest & XVII The Norman Settlement}, volume={Oxford history of England}, booktitle={Anglo-Saxon England}, publisher={Clarendon}, author={Stenton, Frank Merry}, year={1971}, pages={581–657} }

@inbook{Stow_2009, address={Oxford}, title={Jews in the Middle Ages}, url={https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=4305798}, booktitle={A Companion to the Medieval World}, publisher={Blackwell Publishing}, author={Stow, K. R.}, year={2009} }

@inbook{Stow_2013, address={Chichester, West Sussex}, title={Jews in the Middle Ages}, volume={Wiley-Blackwell Companions to European History}, booktitle={A Companion to the Medieval World}, publisher={Wiley-Blackwell}, author={Stow, K. R.}, editor={Lansing, Carol and English, Edward D.}, year={2013}, pages={293–312} }

@misc{Suger, title={On What Was Done in His Administration}, url={https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/source/sugar.asp}, author={Suger, Abbot} }

@inbook{Suger_Panofsky_1946, address={Princeton, N.J.}, title={On What Was Done in His Adminstration}, booktitle={Abbot Suger on the Abbey Church of St.-Denis and Its Art Treasures}, publisher={Princeton University Press}, author={Suger and Panofsky, Erwin}, year={1946}, pages={63–64} }

@book{Sumption_1990, address={London}, title={The Hundred Years War - Volume 1: Trial by Battle}, publisher={Faber and Faber}, author={Sumption, Jonathan}, year={1990} }

@book{Sumption_1999, address={London}, title={The Hundred Years War - Volume 2: Trial by Fire}, publisher={Faber}, author={Sumption, Jonathan}, year={1999} }

@book{Swanson_1999, address={Manchester}, title={The Twelfth-Century Renaissance}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Swanson, R. N.}, year={1999} }

@book{Thompson_2013, address={Charleston, South Carolina}, title={Military Architecture in England During the Middle Ages: Illustrated by 200 Photographs, Drawings and Plans}, volume={Nabu Public Domain Reprints}, publisher={Nabu}, author={Thompson, A. Hamilton}, year={2013} }

@inbook{Thompson_2008a, address={Cambridge}, title={5. Stone Towers}, booktitle={The Rise of the Castle}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Thompson, M. W.}, year={2008}, pages={63–85} }

@book{Thompson_2008b, address={Cambridge}, title={The Rise of the Castle}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Thompson, M. W.}, year={2008} }

@inbook{Thomson_1929, address={Cambridge}, title={Military Architecture}, booktitle={The Cambridge Medieval History - Volume 6: Victory of the Papacy}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Thomson, A. H.}, year={1929}, pages={773–798} }

@book{Treadgold_1997a, address={Stanford (California)}, title={A History of the Byzantine State and Society}, publisher={Stanford University Press}, author={Treadgold, Warren}, year={1997} }

@book{Treadgold_1997b, address={Stanford, Calif}, title={A History of the Byzantine State and Society}, url={http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.02871}, publisher={Stanford University Press}, author={Treadgold, Warren}, year={1997} }

@inbook{Treadgold_2001, address={Basingstoke}, title={Wealth and Weakness (1025-1204)}, booktitle={A Concise History of Byzantium}, publisher={Palgrave}, author={Treadgold, Warren}, year={2001} }

@inbook{Turner_1986, address={Woodbridge}, title={Bodiam, Sussex: True Castle or Old Soldier’s Dream House?}, booktitle={England in the Fourteenth Century: Proceedings of the 1985 Harlaxton Symposium}, publisher={Boydell}, author={Turner, D.J.}, year={1986}, pages={267–277} }

@inbook{Turner_2010, address={Woodbridge}, title={England in 1215: An Authoritarian Angevin Dynasty Facing Multiple Threats}, url={https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=740096}, booktitle={Magna Carta and the England of King John}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={Turner, R. V.}, year={2010}, pages={10–26} }

@inbook{Turner_2015, address={Woodbridge}, edition={Paperback Edition}, title={England in 1215: An Authoritarian Angevin Dynasty Facing Multiple Threats}, booktitle={Magna Carta and the England of King John}, publisher={The Boydell Press}, author={Turner, R. V.}, editor={Loengard, Janet Senderowitz}, year={2015}, pages={10–26} }

@misc{Turner_2003, title={The Meaning of Magna Carta Since 1215.}, volume={53}, url={https://www.historytoday.com/ralph-v-turner/meaning-magna-carta-1215}, journal={History Today}, author={Turner, Ralph V.}, year={2003} }

@book{Turner_2009, address={Stroud}, title={King John: England’s Evil King?}, volume={English Monarchs}, publisher={History}, author={Turner, Ralph V.}, year={2009} }

@inbook{Tyerman_2005a, title={Holy War}, volume={Very short introductions}, booktitle={The Crusades: A Very Short Introduction}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Tyerman, Christopher}, year={2005}, pages={64–85} }

@inbook{Tyerman_2005b, address={Oxford}, title={5. Holy War}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.myilibrary.com?id=76292}, booktitle={The Crusades: A Very Short Introduction}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Tyerman, Christopher}, year={2005}, pages={64–85} }

@book{Tyerman_2007, address={London}, title={God’s War: A New History of the Crusades}, publisher={Penguin}, author={Tyerman, Christopher}, year={2007} }

@book{Ullmann_1972, address={London}, title={A Short History of the Papacy in the Middle Ages}, publisher={Methuen}, author={Ullmann, Walter}, year={1972} }

@inbook{Van Dam_2005a, address={Cambridge}, title={Merovingian Gaul and the Frankish Conquests}, url={http://eu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=13409268670002671&institutionId=2671&customerId=2670}, booktitle={The New Cambridge Medieval History: Vol. 1: c.500-c.700}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Van Dam, R.}, year={2005}, pages={193–231} }

@inbook{Van Dam_2005b, title={Merovingian Gaul and the Frankish Conquests}, url={http://eu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=13408623060002671&institutionId=2671&customerId=2670}, booktitle={New Cambridge Medieval History Vol. 1 c.500-c.700}, author={Van Dam, R.}, year={2005}, pages={193–231} }

@inbook{Van Houts_2000, address={Manchester}, title={The Normans and Britain: The Norman Conquest}, volume={Manchester medieval sources series}, booktitle={The Normans in Europe}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Van Houts, Elisabeth N. C.}, year={2000}, pages={102–181} }

@book{Vasiliev_1952, address={Madison, Wis}, title={History of the Byzantine Empire, 324-1453}, publisher={University of Wisconsin Press}, author={Vasiliev, A. A.}, year={1952} }

@inbook{Villani_2009, address={Philadelphia}, title={Giovanni Villani on the Origins of the Guelfs and Ghibellines in Florence (Ca. 1300)}, volume={The Middle Ages Series}, booktitle={Medieval Italy: Texts in Translation}, publisher={University of Pennsylvania Press}, author={Villani, Giovanni}, year={2009}, pages={127–130} }

@book{Villani_Wicksteed_1906, address={London}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Villani’s Chronicle: Being the Selections From the First Nine Books of the Croniche Fiorentine of Giovanni Villani}, publisher={Constable}, author={Villani, Giovanni and Wicksteed, Philip H.}, year={1906} }

@book{Vincent_2012, address={Oxford}, edition={1st Edition}, title={Magna Carta: A Very Short Introduction}, volume={Very short introductions}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Vincent, Nicholas}, year={2012} }

@book{Wakefield_Evans_1991a, address={New York}, title={Heresies of the High Middle Ages: Selected Sources}, publisher={Columbia University Press}, author={Wakefield, Walter L. and Evans, Austin P.}, year={1991} }

@book{Wakefield_Evans_1991b, address={New York}, title={Heresies of the High Middle Ages}, volume={Records of western civilization}, url={https://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.06055}, publisher={Columbia University Press}, author={Wakefield, Walter L. and Evans, Austin P.}, year={1991} }

@inbook{Waley_1991, address={Cambridge}, title={Setting}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.01255}, booktitle={Siena and the Sienese in the Thirteenth Century}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Waley, Daniel Philip}, year={1991}, pages={1–15} }

@inbook{Waley_2006, address={Cambridge}, edition={Digitally printed 1st pbk. version}, title={1. Setting}, booktitle={Siena and the Sienese in the Thirteenth Century}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Waley, Daniel Philip}, year={2006}, pages={1–15} }

@book{Waley_Dean_2010a, address={London}, edition={4th ed}, title={The Italian City-Republics}, publisher={Longman}, author={Waley, Daniel Philip and Dean, Trevor}, year={2010} }

@book{Waley_Dean_2010b, address={Harlow}, title={The Italian City-Republics}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781315834306}, publisher={Longman}, author={Waley, Daniel Philip and Dean, Trevor}, year={2010} }

@book{Waley_Dean_2010c, address={London}, edition={4th Edition}, title={The Italian City-Republics}, publisher={Longman}, author={Waley, Daniel Philip and Dean, Trevor}, year={2010} }

@book{Waley_Dean_2010d, address={Harlow}, title={The Italian City-Republics}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=1397502}, publisher={Longman}, author={Waley, Daniel Philip and Dean, Trevor}, year={2010} }

@book{Waley_Denley_2001a, address={Harlow}, edition={3rd ed. revised by Peter Denley}, title={Later Medieval Europe, 1250-1520}, publisher={Longman}, author={Waley, Daniel Philip and Denley, Peter}, year={2001} }

@book{Waley_Denley_2001b, address={Harlow}, title={Later Medieval Europe, 1250-1520}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781315842875}, publisher={Longman}, author={Waley, Daniel Philip and Denley, Peter}, year={2001} }

@inbook{Waley_Denley_2001c, address={Harlow}, edition={3rd ed. revised by Peter Denley}, title={1. Government in the Latter Thirteenth Century: Communes: the Medieval City-State}, url={http://eu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=13397735240002671&institutionId=2671&customerId=2670}, booktitle={Later Medieval Europe, 1250-1520}, publisher={Longman}, author={Waley, Daniel Philip and Denley, Peter}, year={2001}, pages={15–21} }

@inbook{Waley_Denley_2001d, address={Harlow}, title={Government in the Latter Thirteenth Century: Communes: the Medieval City-State}, url={https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=1569947}, booktitle={Later Medieval Europe, 1250-1520}, publisher={Longman}, author={Waley, Daniel Philip and Denley, Peter}, year={2001}, pages={15–21} }

@inbook{Waley_Denley_2001e, address={Harlow}, edition={3rd ed. revised by Peter Denley}, title={French Defeats and Chivalrous Ideals: The Hundred Years War}, booktitle={Later Medieval Europe, 1250-1520}, publisher={Longman}, author={Waley, Daniel Philip and Denley, Peter}, year={2001}, pages={132–149} }

@inbook{Waley_Denley_2001f, address={Harlow}, title={7. French Defeats and Chivalrous Ideals: The Hundred Years War}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781315842875}, booktitle={Later Medieval Europe, 1250-1520}, publisher={Longman}, author={Waley, Daniel Philip and Denley, Peter}, year={2001}, pages={132–149} }

@inbook{Waley_Denley_2001g, address={Harlow}, edition={3rd ed. revised by Peter Denley}, title={The French Recovery}, booktitle={Later Medieval Europe, 1250-1520}, publisher={Longman}, author={Waley, Daniel Philip and Denley, Peter}, year={2001}, pages={206–217} }

@inbook{Waley_Denley_2001h, address={Harlow}, title={11. The French Recovery}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781315842875}, booktitle={Later Medieval Europe, 1250-1520}, publisher={Longman}, author={Waley, Daniel Philip and Denley, Peter}, year={2001}, pages={206–217} }

@book{Waley_Denley_2001i, address={Harlow}, edition={3rd ed. revised by Peter Denley}, title={Later Medieval Europe, 1250-1520}, publisher={Longman}, author={Waley, Daniel Philip and Denley, Peter}, year={2001} }

@book{Waley_Denley_2001j, address={Harlow}, title={Later Medieval Europe, 1250-1520}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781315842875}, publisher={Longman}, author={Waley, Daniel Philip and Denley, Peter}, year={2001} }

@inbook{Waley_Denley_2001k, address={Harlow}, title={10. The Territorial Lordships of Italy: Florence and the Medici}, url={http://eu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=13397650050002671&institutionId=2671&customerId=2670}, booktitle={Later Medieval Europe, 1250-1520}, publisher={Longman}, author={Waley, Daniel Philip and Denley, Peter}, year={2001}, pages={192–196} }

@inbook{Waley_Denley_2001l, address={Harlow}, title={10. The Territorial Lordships of Italy: Florence and the Medici}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781315842875}, booktitle={Later Medieval Europe, 1250-1520}, publisher={Longman}, author={Waley, Daniel Philip and Denley, Peter}, year={2001}, pages={192–196} }

@inbook{Wallace-Hadrill_1952a, address={London}, title={2. Mare Nostrum}, booktitle={The Barbarian West, 400-1000}, publisher={Hutchinson}, author={Wallace-Hadrill, J. M.}, year={1952}, pages={21–42} }

@inbook{Wallace-Hadrill_1952b, address={London}, title={3. Italy and the Lombards}, booktitle={The Barbarian West, 400-1000}, publisher={Hutchinson}, author={Wallace-Hadrill, J. M.}, year={1952}, pages={43–63} }

@inbook{Wallace-Hadrill_1952c, address={London}, title={Spain and the Visigoths}, booktitle={The Barbarian West, 400-1000}, publisher={Hutchinson}, author={Wallace-Hadrill, J. M.}, year={1952}, pages={115–139} }

@book{Wallace-Hadrill_1975, address={Reading}, title={The Vikings in Francia}, volume={The Stenton lecture}, publisher={University of Reading}, author={Wallace-Hadrill, J. M.}, year={1975} }

@inbook{Ward-Perkins_2005a, address={Oxford}, title={I. Did Rome Ever Fall?}, booktitle={The Fall of Rome and the End of Civilization}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Ward-Perkins, Bryan}, year={2005}, pages={1–10} }

@inbook{Ward-Perkins_2005b, address={Oxford}, title={I. Did Rome Ever Fall?}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.myilibrary.com?id=76230}, booktitle={The Fall of Rome: And the End of Civilization}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Ward-Perkins, Bryan}, year={2005}, pages={1–10} }

@inbook{Ward-Perkins_2005c, address={Oxford}, title={IV. Living Under the New Masters}, booktitle={The Fall of Rome and the End of Civilization}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Ward-Perkins, Bryan}, year={2005}, pages={63–86} }

@inbook{Ward-Perkins_2005d, address={Oxford}, title={IV. Living Under the New Masters}, url={http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.myilibrary.com?id=76230}, booktitle={The Fall of Rome: And the End of Civilization}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Ward-Perkins, Bryan}, year={2005}, pages={63–86} }

@book{Warner_1981, address={Harmondsworth}, title={Joan of Arc: The Image of Female Heroism}, publisher={Penguin}, author={Warner, Marina}, year={1981} }

@book{Warner_1971a, address={London}, title={The Medieval Castle: Life in a Fortress in Peace and War}, volume={Medieval life series}, publisher={Barker}, author={Warner, Philip}, year={1971} }

@inbook{Warner_1971b, address={London}, title={3. The Motte and Bailey Castle}, volume={Medieval Life Series}, booktitle={The Medieval Castle: Life in a Fortress in Peace and War}, publisher={Barker}, author={Warner, Philip}, year={1971}, pages={29–46} }

@book{Warner_1971c, address={London}, title={The Medieval Castle: Life in a Fortress in Peace and War}, volume={Medieval Life Series}, publisher={Barker}, author={Warner, Philip}, year={1971} }

@book{Warren_1997a, address={New Haven}, title={King John}, publisher={Yale University Press}, author={Warren, W. L.}, year={1997} }

@book{Warren_1997b, address={New Haven}, edition={New Edition}, title={King John}, publisher={Yale University Press}, author={Warren, W. L.}, year={1997} }

@misc{Watson_1993, title={The Battle of Tours-Poitiers Revisited}, volume={2}, url={https://deremilitari.org/2013/09/the-battle-of-tours-poitiers-revisited/}, number={1}, journal={Providence: Studies in Western Civilization}, author={Watson, William. E.}, year={1993}, pages={51–68} }

@article{Webb_1993, title={Saints and Cities in Medieval Italy.}, volume={43}, url={https://search.proquest.com/docview/1299031033?OpenUrlRefId=info:xri/sid:primo&accountid=11455}, journal={History Today}, author={Webb, Diana}, year={1993}, pages={15–21} }

@book{Webb_1996, address={London}, title={Patrons and Defenders: The Saints in the Italian City-States}, volume={The International Library of Historical Studies}, publisher={Tauris}, author={Webb, Diana}, year={1996} }

@book{Weir_2008, address={New York}, title={Eleanor of Aquitaine: A Life}, publisher={Ballantine Books}, author={Weir, Alison}, year={2008} }

@inbook{Whalen_2014a, address={Basingstoke, Hampshire}, title={Empire and Christendom}, booktitle={The Medieval Papacy}, publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}, author={Whalen, Brett Edward}, year={2014}, pages={36–62} }

@inbook{Whalen_2014b, address={Basingstoke, Hampshire}, title={The Reordering of the West}, volume={European history in perspective}, booktitle={The Medieval Papacy}, publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}, author={Whalen, Brett Edward}, year={2014}, pages={63–85} }

@book{Wheatley_2004a, address={Woodbridge}, title={The Idea of the Castle in Medieval England}, publisher={York Medieval Press}, author={Wheatley, Abigail}, year={2004} }

@inbook{Wheatley_2004b, address={Woodbridge, Suffolk}, title={Introduction}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=3003500}, booktitle={The Idea of the Castle in Medieval England}, publisher={York Medieval Press in association with Boydell Press}, author={Wheatley, Abigail}, year={2004}, pages={1–18} }

@book{Wheeler_Parsons_2002, address={Basingstoke}, title={Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord and Lady}, publisher={Palgrave}, author={Wheeler, Bonnie and Parsons, John Carmi}, year={2002} }

@book{Whitelock_Battle and District Historical Society_1966, address={London}, title={The Norman Conquest: Its Setting and Impact}, publisher={Eyre and Spottiswoode}, author={Whitelock, Dorothy and Battle and District Historical Society}, year={1966} }

@inbook{Wickham_2010a, address={London}, title={4. Crisis and Continuity, 400-500}, volume={2}, booktitle={The Inheritance of Rome: A History of Europe From 400 to 1000}, publisher={Allen Lane}, author={Wickham, Chris}, year={2010}, pages={76–108} }

@inbook{Wickham_2010b, address={London}, title={The West Mediterranean Kingdoms: Spain and Italy, 550-750}, volume={2}, booktitle={The Inheritance of Rome: A History of Europe From 400 to 1000}, publisher={Allen Lane}, author={Wickham, Chris}, year={2010}, pages={130–149} }

@inbook{Wickham_2010c, address={London}, title={The Carolingian Century, 751-887}, volume={2}, booktitle={The Inheritance of Rome: A History of Europe From 400 to 1000}, publisher={Allen Lane}, author={Wickham, Chris}, year={2010}, pages={375–404} }

@article{Wieruszowski_1944, title={Art and the Commune in the Time of Dante}, volume={19}, url={https://www.jstor.org/stable/2856851}, number={1}, journal={Speculum: A Journal of Medieval Studies}, author={Wieruszowski, Helene}, year={1944}, pages={14–33} }

@book{Williams_1995, address={Woodbridge}, title={The English and the Norman Conquest}, publisher={Boydell}, author={Williams, Ann}, year={1995} }

@book{Williams_1970, address={London}, title={Medieval London: From Commune to Capital}, publisher={Athlone Press}, author={Williams, Gwyn A.}, year={1970} }

@inbook{Williams_2011, address={London}, title={Extract}, booktitle={Emperor of the West: Charlemagne and Carolingian Empire}, publisher={Quercus}, author={Williams, Hywel}, year={2011}, pages={139–189} }

@inbook{Wilson_1990, address={London}, title={Early Gothic}, booktitle={The Gothic Cathedral: The Architecture of the Great Church, 1130-1530}, publisher={Thames and Hudson}, author={Wilson, Christopher}, year={1990}, pages={13–90} }

@book{Wilson_2004, address={London}, edition={[New] ed}, title={The Bayeux Tapestry: The Complete Tapestry in Colour}, publisher={Thames and Hudson}, author={Wilson, David M.}, year={2004} }

@inbook{Wood_2001, address={Oxford}, title={Culture: Spain After 711}, volume={The short Oxford history of Europe}, booktitle={The Early Middle Ages: Europe 400-1000}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Wood, Ian}, year={2001}, pages={182–185} }

@inbook{Woolf_2018, title={The Scandinavian Intervention}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-ireland/8FBCF69904197F39BD244EBBEDAA53B4}, booktitle={The Cambridge History of Ireland: Volume I 600-1550}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Woolf, A.}, year={2018}, pages={107–130} }

@book{Wright_2000, address={Woodbridge}, title={Knights and Peasants: The Hundred Years War in the French Countryside}, volume={Warfare in History}, publisher={Boydell}, author={Wright, Nicholas}, year={2000} }

@book{Ziegler_1969, address={London}, title={The Black Death}, publisher={Collins}, author={Ziegler, Philip}, year={1969} }

@misc{The Siege of Kenilworth Castle, 1266 | English Heritage_2016, url={http://blog.english-heritage.org.uk/longest-siege-english-history/}, year={2016} }

@misc{Matthew 16:13-19 in The New Testament, url={https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+16%3A13-19&version=NIV} }

@misc{Sermon of Pope Urban II at Clermont, November 1095, url={https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/source/urban2-5vers.asp} }

@misc{Letter of Peter of Blois to Eleanor of Aquitaine, 1173:, url={http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/source/eleanor.asp} }

@misc{A Seal of Emperor Manuel I, url={https://www.doaks.org/resources/online-exhibits/gods-regents-on-earth-a-thousand-years-of-byzantine-imperial-seals/rulers-of-byzantium/bzs.1958.106.607} }

@misc{Magna Carta, url={https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/source/mcarta.asp} }

@misc{Giovanni Villani, Florentine Chronicle, url={https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/source/villani.asp} }

@misc{The Rule of St Benedict - excerpts, url={https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/source/rul-benedict-excerp.asp} }

@misc{Decrees of the Fourth Laterian Council, 1215: Canon 3 on Heretics and Canons 67-70 on Jews, url={https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/basis/lateran4.asp} }

@misc{Joan of Arc Writes to the English King, url={https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/source/joanofarc.asp} }

Bibliography for HS1116: Rome to Renaissance: An Introduction to the Middle Ages BETA