Bibliography for CL3500/CL5550: The Archaeology of Roman Near East (2016-17)

[1]
Z. Kamash, Archaeologies of Water in the Roman Near East: 63 BC-AD 636, vol. Gorgias Studies in Classical and Late Antiquity. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, 2013, pp. 7–14.

[2]
J. N. Postgate, ‘“Mesopotamia: The Land and the Life” in Early Mesopotamia: Society and Economy at the Dawn of History’, in Early Mesopotamia: Society and Economy at the Dawn of History, London: Routledge, 1992, pp. 3–21.

[3]
S. Pollock, ‘“Geographic Setting and Environment” in Ancient Mesopotamia: The Eden That Never Was’, in Ancient Mesopotamia: The Eden That Never Was, vol. Case Studies in Early Societies, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999, pp. 28–44.

[4]
C. E. Cordova, ‘“The Degradation of the Ancient Near Eastern Environment” in a Companion to the Ancient Near East’, in A Companion to the Ancient Near East, vol. Blackwell Companions to the Ancient World, Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub, 2005, pp. 109–125.

[5]
C. E. Cordova, ‘“The Degradation of the Ancient Near Eastern Environment” in a Companion to the Ancient Near East’, in A companion to the ancient Near East, vol. Blackwell companions to the ancient world, Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub, 2005, pp. 109–125 [Online]. Available: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.myilibrary.com?id=19868

[6]
T. J. Wilkinson, ‘“The Environmental Context” in Archaeological Landscapes of the Near East’, in Archaeological Landscapes of the Near East, Tucson, Ariz: University of Arizona Press, 2003, pp. 15–32.

[7]
A. Kuhrt, The Ancient Near East, c.3000-330 BC, vol. Routledge History of the Ancient World. London: Routledge, 1995.

[8]
G. Leick, Mesopotamia: The Invention of the City. London: Penguin, 2002.

[9]
A. H. Podany, The Ancient Near East: A Very Short Introduction, vol. Very short introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014 [Online]. Available: http://swbplus.bsz-bw.de/bsz397680090inh.htm

[10]
A. H. Podany, The Ancient Near East: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2013.

[11]
G. Stein, ‘“The Political Economy of Mesopotamian Colonial Encounters” in The Archaeology of Colonial Encounters: Comparative Perspectives’, in The Archaeology of Colonial Encounters: Comparative Perspectives, 1st ed., vol. School of American Research Advanced Seminar Series, Santa Fe: School of American Research Press, 2005, pp. 143–172.

[12]
M. Van de Mieroop, A History of the Ancient Near East, Ca. 3000-323 B.C., 2nd Edition. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2007.

[13]
L. Woolley, Ur of the Chaldees: A Record of Seven Years of Excavation. London: Benn, 1929.

[14]
S. Dalley, Myths from Mesopotamia: Creation, The Flood, Gilgamesh and others, vol. The World’s Classics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991.

[15]
J. B. Pritchard and W. F. Albright, ‘“Sumerian and Akkadian Myths, Including Gilgamesh” in the Ancient Near East: Vol. 1: An Anthology of Texts and Pictures’, in The Ancient Near East: Vol. 1: An Anthology of Texts and Pictures, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1958.

[16]
Z. Bahrani, ‘“Performativity and the Image: Narrative, Representation and the Uruk Vase” in Leaving No Stones Unturned: Essays on the Ancient Near East and Egypt in Honor of Donald P. Hansen’, in Leaving no stones unturned: essays on the ancient Near East and Egypt in honor of Donald P. Hansen, Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbaum, 2002, pp. 15–22.

[17]
S. Collins, The Standard of Ur, vol. Object in Focus. London: The British Museum, 2015.

[18]
C. Edens, ‘“Dynamics of Trade in the Ancient Mesopotamian ‘World System’” in American Anthropologist’, American Anthropologist, vol. 94, no. 1, pp. 118–139, 1992, doi: 10.1525/aa.1992.94.1.02a00070.

[19]
M. T. Larsen, ‘“Commercial Networks in the Ancient Near East” in Centre and Periphery in the Ancient World’, in Centre and Periphery in the Ancient World, vol. New Directions in Archaeology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987, pp. 47–56.

[20]
J. N. Postgate, Early Mesopotamia: Society and Economy at the Dawn of History. London: Routledge, 1992.

[21]
S. Pollock, ‘“Bureaucrats and Managers, Peasants and Pastoralists, Imperialists and Traders: Research on the Uruk and Jemdet Nasr Periods in Mesopotamia” in Journal of World Prehistory’, Journal of World Prehistory, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 297–336, 1992, doi: 10.1007/BF00980430.

[22]
S. Pollock, Ancient Mesopotamia: The Eden That Never Was, vol. Case Studies in Early Societies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

[23]
J. Reade, Mesopotamia. London: Published for the Trustees of the British Museum by British Museum Press, 1991.

[24]
R. Matthews, The Archaeology of Mesopotamia: Theories and Approaches, vol. Approaching the Ancient World. London: Routledge, 2003.

[25]
M. S. Rothman, Uruk Mesopotamia & Its Neighbors: Cross-Cultural Interactions in the Era of State Formation, 1st ed., vol. School of American Research Advanced Seminar Series. Sante Fe, NM: School of American Research Press, 2001.

[26]
M. Van de Mieroop, ‘“The Origins and the Character of the Mesopotamian City” in the Ancient Mesopotamian City’, in The Ancient Mesopotamian City, [New ed.]., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997, pp. 23–41.

[27]
D. Wengrow, ‘“‘The Changing Face of Clay’: Continuity and Change in the Transition From Village to Urban Life in the Near East” in Antiquity’, Antiquity, vol. 72, no. 278, pp. 783–795, doi: 10.1017/S0003598X00087378. [Online]. Available: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquity/article/the-changing-face-of-clay-continuity-and-change-in-the-transition-from-village-to-urban-life-in-the-near-east/281408F454ADC511F7A95DB4E7144201

[28]
A. Kuhrt, The Ancient Near East, c.3000-330 BC, vol. Routledge history of the Ancient World. London: Routledge, 1995.

[29]
G. Leick, Mesopotamia: The Invention of the City. London: Penguin, 2002.

[30]
A. H. Podany, The Ancient Near East: A Very Short Introduction, vol. Very short introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.

[31]
A. H. Podany, The Ancient Near East: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2013.

[32]
M. Van de Mieroop, A History of the Ancient Near East, Ca. 3000-323 B.C., 2nd Edition. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2007.

[33]
J. Reade, Assyrian Sculpture. London: British Museum, 1983.

[34]
Z. Bahrani, Women of Babylon: Gender and Representation in Mesopotamia. London: Routledge, 2001.

[35]
H. Baker, ‘From Street Altar to Palace: Reading the Built Environment of Urban Babylonia’, in The Oxford Handbook of Cuneiform Culture, vol. Oxford handbooks, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011, pp. 533–552 [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199557301.001.0001

[36]
H. Baker, ‘“From Street Altar to Palace: Reading the Built Environment of Urban Babylonia” in The Oxford Handbook of Cuneiform Culture’, in The Oxford Handbook of Cuneiform Culture, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011, pp. 533–552 [Online]. Available: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199557301.001.0001

[37]
J. Curtis, New Light on Nimrud: Proceedings of the Nimrud Conference 11th-13th March 2002. London: British Institute for the Study of Iraq, in association with the British Museum, 2008.

[38]
S. Dalley, The Mystery of the Hanging Garden of Babylon: An Elusive World Wonder Traced. New York: Oxford University Press, 2015.

[39]
S. Dalley, ‘“Temple Building in the Ancient Near East: A Synthesis and Reflection” in From the Foundations to the Crenellations. Essays on Temple Building in the Ancient Near East and Hebrew Bible’, in From the foundations to the crenellations: essays on temple building in the Ancient Near East and Hebrew Bible, vol. Alter Orient und Altes Testament, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, 2010, pp. 239–254.

[40]
S. Dalley and J. P. Oleson, ‘“Sennacherib, Archimedes, and the Water Screw: The Context of Invention in the Ancient World” in Technology and Culture’, Technology and Culture, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 1–26, 2003 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25148052?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

[41]
A. H. Layard, Nineveh and Its Remains: With an Account of a Visit to the Chaldaean Christians of Kurdistan, and the Yezidis, or Devil-Worshipers ; and an Enquiry Into the Manners and Arts of the Ancient Assyrians, 2nd ed. London: Murray, 1849.

[42]
J. Oates, Babylon, Rev. ed., vol. Ancient peoples and places. London: Thames and Hudson, 1986.

[43]
J. B. Pritchard and W. F. Albright, The Ancient Near East: Vol. 1: An Anthology of Texts and Pictures. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1958.

[44]
G. Roux, Ancient Iraq, 3rd ed., New ed., vol. Penguin history. London: Penguin Books, 1992.

[45]
R. J. Van der Speck, ‘“The Babylonian City” in Hellenism in the East: The Interaction of Greek and Non-Greek Civilizations From Syria to Central Asia After Alexander’, in Hellenism in the East: The Interaction of Greek and Non-Greek Civilizations From Syria to Central Asia After Alexander, London: Duckworth, 1987, pp. 57–75.

[46]
P. Collins, From Egypt to Babylon: The International Age 1550-500 BC. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2008.

[47]
M.-A. Atac, The Mythology of Kingship in Neo-Assyrian Art. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2014.

[48]
M. T. Larsen, The Conquest of Assyria: Excavations in an Antique Land, 1840-1860. London: Routledge, 1996.

[49]
M. I. Marcus, ‘“Geography as Visual Ideology: Landscape, Knowledge, and Power in Neo-Assyrian Art” in Neo-Assyrian Geography’, in Neo-Assyrian Geography, vol. Università Di Roma ‘La Sapienza’, Roma: Sargon, 1995, pp. 193–202.

[50]
J. Kreppner, ‘“Public Space in Nature: The Case of Neo-Assyrian Rock-Reliefs” in Altorientalische Forschungen’, pp. 367–383, 2002 [Online]. Available: http://www.academia.edu/6118357/_Public_Space_in_Nature_The_Case_of_Neo-Assyrian_Rock-Reliefs_Altorientalische_Forschungen_AoF_29_2_2002_367-383

[51]
D. Stronach, ‘“Village to Metropolis: Nineveh and the Beginnings of Urbanism in Northern Mesopotamia,” in Nuove Fondazioni Nel Vicino Oriente Antico: Realta E Ideologia’, in Nuove Fondazioni Nel Vicino Oriente Antico: Realta E Ideologia, Pisa: Università Degli Studi Di Pisa. Giardini, 1994, pp. 85–114.

[52]
P. R. S. Moorey, ‘“Building in Stone” in Ancient Mesopotamian Materials and Industries’, in Ancient Mesopotamian Materials and Industries, Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1994, pp. 335–347.

[53]
‘“Babylon Revisited: Archaeology and Philology in Harness” in Antiquity’, Antiquity, vol. 67, no. 257, pp. 734–746, 1993.

[54]
A. Kuhrt, ‘“The Palace(s) of Babylon,” in The Royal Palace Institution in the First Millennium B.C.: Regional Development and Cultural Interchange Between East and West’, in The Royal Palace Institution in the First Millennium B.C.: Regional Development and Cultural Interchange Between East and West, vol. Monographs of the Danish Institute at Athens, Athens, 2001, pp. 77–94.

[55]
M. Novák, ‘“The Artificial Paradise: Programme and Ideology of Royal Gardens” in Sex and Gender in the Ancient Near East’, in Sex and Gender in the Ancient Near East, vol. The Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project, Part II, Helsinki, 2002, pp. 443–460.

[56]
S. Dalley, ‘“Nineveh, Babylon and the Hanging Gardens: Cuneiform and Classical Sources Reconciled” in Iraq’, Iraq, vol. 56, 1994, doi: 10.2307/4200384.

[57]
D. Stronach, ‘“The Garden as a Political Statement: Some Case Studies from the Near East in the First Millennium B.C.” in Bulletin of the Asia Institute’, Bulletin of the Asia Institute, vol. 4, pp. 171–180, 1990 [Online]. Available: http://librarysearch.rhul.ac.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=detailsTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=TN_jstor_archive_1424048359&indx=1&recIds=TN_jstor_archive_1424048359&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&frbg=&&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%2844ROY%29%2C44ROY_EbscoLocal%2Cprimo_central_multiple_fe&tb=t&mode=Basic&vid=44ROY_VU2&srt=rank&tab=tab1&dum=true&vl(freeText0)=The%20garden%20as%20a%20political%20statement%3A%20some%20case%20studies%20from%20the%20Near%20East%20in%20the%20First%20Millennium%20B.C&dstmp=1473327651783

[58]
A. Kuhrt, The Ancient Near East, c.3000-330 BC, vol. Routledge history of the Ancient World. London: Routledge, 1995.

[59]
J. Boardman, Persia and the West: An Archaeological Investigation of the Genesis of Achaemenid Persian Art. London: Thames & Hudson, 2000.

[60]
K. Butcher, Roman Syria and the Near East. London: British Museum, 2003.

[61]
J. Curtis, N. Tallis, and B. And́́́́ré-Salvini, Forgotten Empire: The World of Ancient Persia. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005.

[62]
A. Kuhrt and S. Sherwin-White, Hellenism in the East: The Interaction of Greek and Non-Greek Civilizations From Syria to Central Asia After Alexander. London: Duckworth, 1987.

[63]
M. Van de Mieroop, A History of the Ancient Near East, Ca. 3000-323 B.C., 2nd Edition. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2007.

[64]
J. Magness, The Archaeology of the Holy Land: From the Destruction of Solomon’s Temple to the Muslim Conquest. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.

[65]
H. Seyrig, ‘Seleucus I and the Foundation of Hellenistic Syria’, in Scripta Varia: Mélanges D’archéologie Et D’histoire, vol. Bibliothèque Archéologique Et Historique, Paris: Libr. Orientaliste P. Geuthner, 1985, pp. 335–346.

[66]
L. Allen, ‘“Le Roi Imaginaire: An Audience With the Achaemenid King” in Imaginary Kings: Royal Images in the Ancient Near East, Greece and Rome’, in Imaginary Kings: Royal Images in the Ancient Near East, Greece and Rome, vol. Oriens Et Occidens, [Stuttgart]: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2005, pp. 39–62.

[67]
J. Curtis and S. J. Simpson, The World of Achaemenid Persia: History, Art and Society in Iran and the Ancient Near East. London: I.B.Tauris, 2010.

[68]
J. Curtis and S. J. Simpson, The World of Achaemenid Persia: History, Art and Society in Iran and the Ancient Near East. London: I. B. Tauris, 2010 [Online]. Available: https://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Holloway&isbn=9786000042455&uid=^u

[69]
M. C. Miller, Athens and Persia in the Fifth Century BC: A Study in Cultural Receptivity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

[70]
P. Collins, From Egypt to Babylon: The International Age 1550-500 BC. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2008.

[71]
J. D. Grainger, The Cities of Seleukid Syria. Oxford: Clarendon, 1990.

[72]
J. D. Grainger, Hellenistic Phoenicia. Oxford: Clarendon, 1991.

[73]
M. Sartre, D’Alexandre À Zénobie: Histoire Du Levant Antique, IVe Siècle Avant J.-C.-IIIe Siècle Après J.-C. Paris: Fayard, 2001.

[74]
D. Graf, ‘“Hellenisation and the Decapolis” in Aram’, Aram, vol. 4, pp. 1–48, 1992.

[75]
R. D. Sullivan, Near Eastern Royalty and Rome, 100-30 BC, vol. Phoenix. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1990.

[76]
J. McKenzie, The Architecture of Petra, vol. British Academy monographs in archaeology. Oxford: Oxford University Press for the British Academy, the British School of Archaeology in Jeusalem and the British Institute at Amman for Archaeology and History, 1990.

[77]
I. Browning, Petra. London: Chatto and Windus, 1973.

[78]
P. C. Hammond, The Nabataeans: Their History, Culture and Archaeology, vol. Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology. Gothenburg: P. Åström (S. Vägen 61), 1973.

[79]
W. Ball, Rome in the East: The Transformation of an Empire. London: Routledge, 2001.

[80]
W. Ball, Rome in the East: The Transformation of an Empire. London: Routledge, 2000 [Online]. Available: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=165396

[81]
K. Butcher, Roman Syria and the Near East. London: British Museum, 2003.

[82]
F. Millar, The Roman Near East, 31 B.C.-A.D. 337. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1993.

[83]
F. Millar, ‘The Euphrates and Mesopotamia’, in The Roman Near East, 31 B.C.-A.D. 337, Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1993, pp. 437–488 [Online]. Available: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.01455

[84]
J. Magness, The Archaeology of the Holy Land: From the Destruction of Solomon’s Temple to the Muslim Conquest. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.

[85]
A. Keaveney, ‘The King and the War-Lords: Romano-Parthian Relations Circa 64-53 B.C.’, The American Journal of Philology, vol. 103, no. 4, pp. 412–428, 1982, doi: 10.2307/294519.

[86]
D. S. Potter, ‘Senatus Consultum De Gn Pisone’, Journal of Roman Archaeology, vol. 11, pp. 437–457, 1998, doi: 10.1017/s1047759400017487.

[87]
M. Hammond, ‘“Corbulo and Nero’s Eastern Policy” in Harvard Studies in Classical Philology’, Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, vol. 45, pp. 81–104, 1934, doi: 10.2307/310632.

[88]
D. Braund, Rome and the Friendly King: The Character of the Client Kingship. London: Croom Helm, 1984.

[89]
R. D. Sullivan, Near Eastern Royalty and Rome, 100-30 BC, vol. Phoenix. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1990.

[90]
A. H. M. Jones, The Herods of Judaea. Oxford: Clarendon, 1938.

[91]
N. Kokkinos, The Herodian Dynasty: Origins, Role in Society and Eclipse. London: Spink, 2010.

[92]
P. C. Hammond, The Nabataeans: Their History, Culture and Archaeology, vol. Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology. Gothenburg: P. Åström (S. Vägen 61), 1973.

[93]
G. W. Bowersock, Roman Arabia. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1983.

[94]
D. W. Roller, The Building Program of Herod the Great. Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press, 1998.

[95]
J. McKenzie, The Architecture of Petra, vol. British Academy Monographs in Archaeology. Oxford: Oxford University Press for the British Academy, the British School of Archaeology in Jeusalem and the British Institute at Amman for Archaeology and History, 1990.

[96]
I. Browning, Petra. London: Chatto and Windus, 1973.

[97]
G. A. Williamson and E. M. Smallwood, Josephus: The Jewish War, Rev. ed., With New Introduction, Notes and Appendixes, by E. Mary Smallwood., vol. Penguin Classics. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1981.

[98]
M. Goodman, The Ruling Class of Judaea: The Origins of the Jewish Revolt Against Rome A.D. 66-70. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

[99]
Y. Yadin, Masada: Herod’s Fortress and the Zealot’s Last Stand. New York: Random House, 1966.

[100]
J. Magness, The Archaeology of the Holy Land: From the Destruction of Solomon’s Temple to the Muslim Conquest. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.

[101]
K. Butcher, Roman Syria and the Near East. London: British Museum, 2003.

[102]
W. Ball, Rome in the East: The Transformation of an Empire. London: Routledge, 2001.

[103]
W. Ball, Rome in the East: The Transformation of an Empire. London: Routledge, 2000 [Online]. Available: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=165396

[104]
K. Butcher, Roman Syria and the Near East. London: British Museum, 2003.

[105]
F. Millar, ‘The Roman Coloniae of the Near East: A Study of Cultural Relations’, in Roman Eastern Policy and Other Studies in Roman History: Proceedings of a Colloquium at Tvr̃minne, 2-3 October 1987, vol. Commentationes Humanarum Litterarum, Helsinki: Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters, 1990, pp. 7–58.

[106]
R. Raja, Urban Development and Regional Identity in the Eastern Roman Provinces, 50 BC-AD 250: Aphrodisias, Ephesos, Athens, Gerasa. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, 2012.

[107]
S. B. Downey, ‘The Transformation of Seleucid Dura-Europos’, in Romanization and the City: Creation, Transformations, and Failures: Proceedings of a Conference Held at the American Academy in Rome to Celebrate the 50th Anniversary of the Excavations at Cosa, 14-16 May, 1998, vol. Journal of Roman Archaeology Supplementary Series, Portsmouth, R.I.: Journal of Roman Archaeology, 2000, pp. 155–172.

[108]
A. Segal, ‘Roman Cities in the Province of Arabia’, Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 108–121, 1981, doi: 10.2307/989724.

[109]
D. J. Mattingly and S. E. Alcock, Dialogues in Roman Imperialism: Power, Discourse and Discrepant Experience in the Roman Empire, vol. Journal of Roman Archaeology Supplementary Series. Portsmouth, R.I.: JRA, 1997.

[110]
D. J. Mattingly, ‘“Vulgar and Weak Romanization, or Time for a Paradigm Shift” in Journal of Roman Archaeology’, Journal of Roman Archaeology, vol. 15, pp. 536–540, 2002, doi: 10.1017/s1047759400014355.

[111]
D. J. Mattingly, ‘“Being Roman: Expressing Identity in a Provincial Setting” in Journal of Roman Archaeology’, Journal of Roman Archaeology, vol. 17, pp. 5–25, 2004.

[112]
E. Fentress and S. Alcock, Romanization and the City: Creation, Transformations, and Failures: Proceedings of a Conference Held at the American Academy in Rome to Celebrate the 50th Anniversary of the Excavations at Cosa, 14-16 May, 1998, vol. Journal of Roman Archaeology Supplementary Series. Portsmouth, R.I.: Journal of Roman Archaeology, 2000.

[113]
R. Hingley, Globalizing Roman Culture: Unity, Diversity and Empire. London: Routledge, 2005.

[114]
C. B. Champion, Roman Imperialism: Readings and Sources, vol. Interpreting Ancient History. Malden, Mass: Blackwell Publishing, 2004.

[115]
N. J. Andrade, Syrian Identity in the Greco-Roman World, vol. Greek Culture in the Roman World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.

[116]
A. H. M. Jones and M. Avi-Yonah, The Cities of the Eastern Roman Provinces, 2nd ed., Revised by Michael Avi-Yonah ... (Et al.). Oxford: Clarendon, 1971.

[117]
B. H. Isaac, The Limits of Empire: The Roman Army in the East, Rev. ed. Oxford: Clarendon, 1993.

[118]
B. H. Isaac, The Limits of Empire: The Roman Army in the East. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2000 [Online]. Available: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.01481

[119]
J. Rykwert, The Idea of a Town: The Anthropology of Urban Form in Rome, Italy and the Ancient World, vol. Faber finds. London: Faber and Faber, 2010.

[120]
A. M. Smith, Roman Palmyra: Identity, Community, and State Formation. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2013.

[121]
K. Butcher, Roman Syria and the Near East. London: British Museum, 2003.

[122]
F. Millar, The Roman Near East, 31 B.C.-A.D. 337. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1993.

[123]
F. Millar, ‘The Euphrates and Mesopotamia’, in The Roman Near East, 31 B.C.-A.D. 337, Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1993, pp. 437–488 [Online]. Available: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.01455

[124]
W. Ball, Rome in the East: The Transformation of an Empire. London: Routledge, 2001.

[125]
W. Ball, Rome in the East: The Transformation of an Empire. London: Routledge, 2000 [Online]. Available: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=165396

[126]
K. Butcher, Roman Syria and the Near East. London: British Museum, 2003.

[127]
A. Segal, From Function to Monument: Urban Landscapes of Roman Palestine, Syria, and Provincia Arabia, vol. Oxbow monograph. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 1997.

[128]
M. Barañski, ‘“The Great Colonade of Palmyra Reconsidered” in ARAM Periodical’, ARAM Periodical, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 37–46, 1995, doi: 10.2143/ARAM.7.1.2002216.

[129]
J. Ch. Balty, ‘“Apamea in Syria in the Second and Third Centuries A.D.” in Journal of Roman Studies’, Journal of Roman Studies, vol. 78, pp. 91–104, 1988, doi: 10.2307/301452.

[130]
J. B. Ward-Perkins and A. Boëthius, Roman Imperial Architecture, 2nd (integrated) ed., vol. The Pelican History of Art. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1981.

[131]
W. L. MacDonald, The Architecture of the Roman Empire: 2: An Urban Appraisal, vol. Yale Publications in the History of Art. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986.

[132]
J. Magness, The Archaeology of the Holy Land: From the Destruction of Solomon’s Temple to the Muslim Conquest. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.

[133]
J. D. Grainger, The Cities of Seleukid Syria. Oxford: Clarendon, 1990.

[134]
I. Browning, Palmyra. London: Chatto and Windus, 1979.

[135]
I. Browning, Jerash and the Decapolis. London: Chatto & Windus, 1982.

[136]
I. Browning, Petra. London: Chatto and Windus, 1973.

[137]
J. McKenzie, The Architecture of Petra, vol. British Academy Monographs in Archaeology. Oxford: Oxford University Press for the British Academy, the British School of Archaeology in Jeusalem and the British Institute at Amman for Archaeology and History, 1990.

[138]
K. G. Holum, R. L. Hohlfelder, R. J. Bull, and A. Raban, King Herod’s Dream: Caesarea on the Sea, 1st ed. New York: Norton, 1988.

[139]
C. Hopkins and B. Goldman, The Discovery of Dura-Europos. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1979.

[140]
D. L. Kennedy, Gerasa and the Decapolis: A ‘Virtual Island’ in Northwest Jordan, vol. Duckworth Debates in Archaeology. London: Duckworth, 2007.

[141]
D. L. Kennedy, Gerasa and the Decapolis: A ‘Virtual Island’ in Northwest Jordan, vol. Duckworth debates in archaeology. London: Duckworth, 2007 [Online]. Available: http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://lib.myilibrary.com?id=615839

[142]
G. Foerster and Y. Tsafrir, ‘“The Beth-She’an Excavations Project 1988-91” in Excavations and Surveys in Israel’, Excavations and Surveys in Israel, vol. 11, pp. 3–32, 1993.

[143]
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Bibliography for CL3500/CL5550: The Archaeology of Roman Near East (2016-17) BETA