[1]
G. Rowe, M. Sweet, and T. J. C. Beebee, An Introduction to Molecular Ecology, 3rd Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.
[2]
T. A. Brown, Genomes 3, 3rd ed. New York: Garland Science, 2007.
[3]
T. A. Brown, Genomes 4, Fourth edition. New York: Garland Science, 2018.
[4]
D. S. T. Nicholl, An Introduction to Genetic Engineering, 3rd Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
[5]
D. S. T. Nicholl, An Introduction to Genetic Engineering, 3rd Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008 [Online]. Available: https://www-dawsonera-com.ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/abstract/9780511568053
[6]
S. B. Primrose and R. M. Twyman, Principles of Gene Manipulation and Genomics, 7th Edition. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell, 2006.
[7]
S. B. Primrose and R. Twyman, Principles of Gene Manipulation and Genomics, 7th Edition. Hoboken: Wiley, 2009 [Online]. Available: https://www-dawsonera-com.ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/abstract/9781444309096
[8]
T. Strachan, A. P. Read, and T. Strachan, Human Molecular Genetics, 4th Edition. New York: Garland Science, 2011.
[9]
‘Human Genome Announcement at the White House’. 2000 [Online]. Available: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=slRyGLmt3qc
[10]
‘UCSC Genome Browser Home’. [Online]. Available: https://genome.ucsc.edu/
[11]
‘EMBL-EBI Gene Ensembl’. [Online]. Available: http://www.ensembl.org/index.html
[12]
‘Home - Genome - NCBI’. [Online]. Available: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/
[13]
‘OMIM - Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man’. [Online]. Available: http://www.omim.org/
[14]
‘Erratum: Initial Sequencing and Analysis of the Human Genome’, Nature, vol. 411, no. 6838, pp. 720–720, 2001, doi: 10.1038/35079657.
[15]
J. C. Venter, ‘The Sequence of the Human Genome’, Science, vol. 291, no. 5507, pp. 1304–1351, 2001, doi: 10.1126/science.1058040.
[16]
A. Grada and K. Weinbrecht, ‘Next-Generation Sequencing: Methodology and Application’, Journal of Investigative Dermatology, vol. 133, no. 8, pp. 1–4, 2013, doi: 10.1038/jid.2013.248. [Online]. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022202X15363831?via%3Dihub
[17]
L. Koch, ‘Genomics: Adding Another Dimension to Gene Regulation’, Nature Reviews Genetics, vol. 16, no. 10, pp. 563–563, 2015, doi: 10.1038/nrg4007.
[18]
H. Chial, ‘Human Genome Project: Sequencing the Human Genome | Learn Science at Scitable’, Nature Education, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 219–219, 2008 [Online]. Available: http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/dna-sequencing-technologies-key-to-the-human-828
[19]
‘Pyrosequencing Technology and Platform Overview - QIAGEN’. [Online]. Available: https://www.qiagen.com/gb/resources/technologies/pyrosequencing-resource-center/technology-overview/
[20]
‘The Pyrosequencing Reaction Cascade System’. 2014 [Online]. Available: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bNKEhOGvcaI
[21]
‘International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications’. [Online]. Available: http://www.isaaa.org/
[22]
H. J. Schouten, F. A. Krens, and E. Jacobsen, ‘Cisgenic Plants Are Similar to Traditionally Bred Plants: International Regulations for Genetically Modified Organisms Should Be Altered to Exempt Cisgenesis’, EMBO reports, vol. 7, no. 8, pp. 750–753, 2006, doi: 10.1038/sj.embor.7400769.
[23]
C. Espinoza et al., ‘Cisgenesis and Intragenesis: New Tools for Improving Crops’, Biological Research, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 323–331, 2013, doi: 10.4067/S0716-97602013000400003.
[24]
P. Ahmad et al., ‘Role of Transgenic Plants in Agriculture and Biopharming’, Biotechnology Advances, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 524–540, 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.09.006.
[25]
‘Recent Debate on GMOs | Standard Media’. 2015 [Online]. Available: http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/ktnhome/video/watch/2000097876/the-gmo-debate-continues
[26]
C. James, ‘ISAAA Report on Global Status of Biotech/GM Crops’. ISAAA International Service for the Acquisition Of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA) http://www.isaaa.org, 2014 [Online]. Available: https://www.isaaa.org/resources/publications/briefs/49/pptslides/pdf/B49-Slides-English.pdf
[27]
J. Napier and D. Tocher, ‘Alpha & Omega: Making Omega-3 Fish Oils in GM Camelina Plants’. .
[28]
W. Klümper and M. Qaim, ‘A Meta-Analysis of the Impacts of Genetically Modified Crops’, PLoS ONE, vol. 9, no. 11, 2014, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111629.
[29]
‘The Golden Rice Project’. [Online]. Available: http://www.goldenrice.org/
[30]
N. Gilbert, ‘Case Studies: A Hard Look at GM Crops’, Nature, vol. 497, no. 7447, pp. 24–26, 2013, doi: 10.1038/497024a.
[31]
‘GMWatch Home’. [Online]. Available: http://gmwatch.org/
[32]
‘Greenpeace UK’. [Online]. Available: http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/
[33]
‘Soil Association’. [Online]. Available: https://www.soilassociation.org/
[34]
‘Anti-GMO Groups - United States | GMO Awareness’. [Online]. Available: https://gmo-awareness.com/resources/anti-gmo-groups-america/
[35]
‘Say NO to GM - Alliance for Natural Health International’. [Online]. Available: http://anhinternational.org/campaign/say-no-to-gm/
[36]
‘The Future of Food’. [Online]. Available: http://www.thefutureoffood.com/About.html
[37]
H. J. Klee, Y. M. Muskopf, and C. S. Gasser, ‘Cloning of an Arabidopsis Thaliana Gene Encoding 5-Enolpyruvylshikimate-3-Phosphate Synthase: Sequence Analysis and Manipulation to Obtain Glyphosate-Tolerant Plants’, MGG Molecular & General Genetics, vol. 210, no. 3, pp. 437–442, 1987, doi: 10.1007/BF00327194.
[38]
R. L. Nussbaum, R. R. McInnes, and H. F. Willard, Thompson & Thompson Genetics in Medicine, 8th Edition. Philadelphia: Elsevier, 2016.
[39]
R. L. Nussbaum, R. R. McInnes, and H. F. Willard, Thompson & Thompson Genetics in Medicine. [Online]. Available: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=2074362
[40]
B. Kaltenboeck and C. Wang, ‘Advances in Real‐Time PCR: Application to Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics’, Advances in Clinical Chemistry, vol. 40, pp. 219–259, 2005, doi: 10.1016/S0065-2423(05)40006-2.
[41]
M. M. Rahman, K. K. Wong, H. Alfizah, S. Hussin, and I. Isahak, ‘Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Viruses: Efficacy of Different Diagnostic Assays’, Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 791–794, 1969, doi: 10.12669/pjms.314.7003. [Online]. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26430404
[42]
‘Guidance for Clinicians on the Use of RT-PCR and Other Molecular Assays for Diagnosis of Influenza Virus Infection | Health Professionals | Seasonal Influenza (Flu)’. [Online]. Available: http://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/diagnosis/molecular-assays.htm
[43]
S. J. Williamson et al., ‘Metagenomic Exploration of Viruses Throughout the Indian Ocean’, PLoS ONE, vol. 7, no. 10, 2012, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042047.
[44]
S. Istrail and G. G. Sutton, ‘Whole-Genome Shotgun Assembly and Comparison of Human Genome Assemblies’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 101, no. 7, pp. 1916–1921, 2004 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3371370?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
[45]
‘What Are Genome-Wide Association Studies? - Genetics Home Reference’. [Online]. Available: https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/genomicresearch/gwastudies
[46]
N. Cai, ‘Sparse Whole-Genome Sequencing Identifies Two Loci for Major Depressive Disorder’, Nature, vol. 523, no. 7562, pp. 588–591, 2015, doi: 10.1038/nature14659.
[47]
R. M. Durbin, ‘A Map of Human Genome Variation From Population-Scale Sequencing’, Nature, vol. 467, no. 7319, pp. 1061–1073, 2010, doi: 10.1038/nature09534.
[48]
T. A. Brown, ‘Molecular Phylogenetics’, in Genomes 3, 3rd Edition., New York: Garland Science, 2007, pp. 609–620.
[49]
Z. Wang, M. Gerstein, and M. Snyder, ‘RNA-Seq: A Revolutionary Tool for Transcriptomics’, Nature Reviews Genetics, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 57–63, 2009, doi: 10.1038/nrg2484.
[50]
J. Tovar, A. Fischer, and C. G. Clark, ‘The Mitosome, a Novel Organelle Related to Mitochondria in the Amitochondrial Parasite Entamoeba Histolytica’, Molecular Microbiology, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 1013–1021, 1999, doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01414.x.
[51]
A. Regoes, D. Zourmpanou, G. León-Avila, M. van der Giezen, J. Tovar, and A. B. Hehl, ‘Protein Import, Replication, and Inheritance of a Vestigial Mitochondrion’, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 280, no. 34, pp. 30557–30563, 2005, doi: 10.1074/jbc.M500787200.
[52]
M. M. Leger et al., ‘Organelles That Illuminate the Origins of Trichomonas Hydrogenosomes and Giardia Mitosomes’, Nature Ecology & Evolution, vol. 1, no. 92, 2017, doi: 10.1038/s41559-017-0092.
[53]
H. C. Betts, M. N. Puttick, J. W. Clark, T. A. Williams, P. C. J. Donoghue, and D. Pisani, ‘Integrated Genomic and Fossil Evidence Illuminates Life’s Early Evolution and Eukaryote Origin’, Nature Ecology & Evolution, vol. 2, no. 10, pp. 1556–1562, 2018, doi: 10.1038/s41559-018-0644-x.
[54]
P. L. Jedelský et al., ‘The Minimal Proteome in the Reduced Mitochondrion of the Parasitic Protist Giardia intestinalis’, PLoS ONE, vol. 6, no. 2, 2011, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017285.
[55]
E. Martincová, ‘Probing the Biology of Giardia intestinalis Mitosomes Using In Vivo Enzymatic Tagging [open access]’, Molecular and Cellular Biology, vol. 35, no. 16, pp. 2864–2874, 2015 [Online]. Available: https://mcb.asm.org/content/35/16/2864.long
[56]
L. Voleman, ‘Giardia Intestinalis Mitosomes Undergo Synchronized Fission but Not Fusion and Are Constitutively Associated With the Endoplasmic Reticulum’, BMC Biology, vol. 15, no. 1, 2017, doi: 10.1186/s12915-017-0361-y.
[57]
G. Rowe, M. Sweet, and T. Beebee, ‘Mutation Rates’, in An Introduction to Molecular Ecology, Third edition., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.
[58]
G. Rowe, M. Sweet, and T. Sweet, ‘mtDNA and rRNA’, in An Introduction to Molecular Ecology, Third edition., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.
[59]
G. Rowe, M. Sweet, and T. Beebee, ‘Microsatellites’, in An Introduction to Molecular Ecology, Third edition., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.
[60]
T. A. Brown, ‘Replication Slippage’, in Genomes 3, 3rd Edition., New York: Garland Science, 2007, pp. 511–511.
[61]
G. Rowe, M. Sweet, and T. Beebee, ‘Identifying Relatives in Behavioural Ecology’, in An Introduction to Molecular Ecology, Third edition., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.
[62]
E. Leadbeater, J. M. Carruthers, J. P. Green, N. S. Rosser, and J. Field, ‘Nest Inheritance Is the Missing Source of Direct Fitness in a Primitively Eusocial Insect’, Science, vol. 333, no. 6044, pp. 874–876, 2011, doi: 10.1126/science.1205140.
[63]
G. Rowe, M. Sweet, and T. Beebee, ‘Assignment Tests’, in An Introduction to Molecular Ecology, Third edition., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.
[64]
A. Gunn, ‘DNA Profiling’, in Essential Forensic Biology, 2nd Edition., Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2008, pp. 88–91.
[65]
T. A. Brown, ‘Microarrays’, in Genomes 3, 3rd Edition., New York: Garland Science, 2007, pp. 169–175.
[66]
‘The Genetics of Society | The Scientist Magazine’. [Online]. Available: http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/41704/title/The-Genetics-of-Society/
[67]
J. Tovar, S. Wilkinson, J. C. Mottram, and A. H. Fairlamb, ‘Evidence That Trypanothione Reductase Is an Essential Enzyme in Leishmania by Targeted Replacement of the Trya Gene Locus’, Molecular Microbiology, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 653–660, 1998, doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.00968.x.
[68]
S. Krieger, ‘Trypanosomes Lacking Trypanothione Reductase Are Avirulent and Show Increased Sensitivity to Oxidative Stress’, Molecular Microbiology, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 542–552, 2002, doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.01721.x.
[69]
N. G. Jones, C. M. C. Catta-Preta, A. P. C. A. Lima, and J. C. Mottram, ‘Genetically Validated Drug Targets in Leishmania: Current Knowledge and Future Prospects’, ACS Infectious Diseases, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 467–477, 2018, doi: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00244. [Online]. Available: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/129477/1/acsinfecdis.7b00244.pdf
[70]
M. H. Wright, ‘Validation of N-Myristoyltransferase as an Antimalarial Drug Target Using an Integrated Chemical Biology Approach’, Nature Chemistry, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 112–121, 2014, doi: 10.1038/nchem.1830.
[71]
A. C. Schlott, A. A. Holder, and E. W. Tate, ‘Myristoylation as a Drug Target in Malaria: Exploring the Role of -Myristoyltransferase Substrates in the Inhibitor Mode of Action’, ACS Infectious Diseases, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 449–457, 2018, doi: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00203. [Online]. Available: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00203
[72]
Z. Wang, M. Gerstein, and M. Snyder, ‘RNA-seq: A Revolutionary Tool for Transcriptomics’, Nature Reviews Genetics, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 57–63, 2009, doi: 10.1038/nrg2484.
[73]
G. Rowe, M. Sweet, and T. Beebee, ‘DNA Barcoding’, in An Introduction to Molecular Ecology, Third edition., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.
[74]
G. Rowe, M. Sweet, and T. Beebee, ‘Prey ID’, in An Introduction to Molecular Ecology, Third edition., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.
[75]
J. R. Freeland, H. Kirk, and S. Petersen, ‘Predators and Prey’, in Molecular Ecology, 2nd Edition., Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011, pp. 309–313.
[76]
J. R. Freeland, H. Kirk, and S. Petersen, ‘Predators and Prey’, in Molecular Ecology, 2nd ed., 1st impression., Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011, pp. 309–313 [Online]. Available: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/9780470979365.ch7
[77]
R. Urwin and M. C. J. Maiden, ‘Multi-Locus Sequence Typing: A Tool for Global Epidemiology’, Trends in Microbiology, vol. 11, no. 10, pp. 479–487, 2003, doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2003.08.006.
[78]
T. Strachan, A. P. Read, and T. Strachan, ‘Genetic Mapping of Mendelian Characters’, in Human Molecular Genetics, 4th Edition., New York: Garland Science, 2011, pp. 441–467.
[79]
T. Strachan, A. P. Read, and T. Strachan, ‘Mapping Genes Conferring Susceptibility to Complex Diseases’, in Human Molecular Genetics, 4th Edition., New York: Garland Science, 2011, pp. 467–493.
[80]
T. Strachan, A. P. Read, and T. Strachan, ‘Identifying Human Disease Genes and Susceptibility Factors’, in Human Molecular Genetics, 4th Edition., New York: Garland Science, 2011, pp. 497–536.
[81]
M. Slatkin, ‘Linkage Disequilibrium - Understanding the Evolutionary Past and Mapping the Medical Future’, Nature Reviews Genetics, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 477–485, 2008, doi: 10.1038/nrg2361.
[82]
E. S. Lander, ‘Initial Impact of the Sequencing of the Human Genome’, Nature, vol. 470, no. 7333, pp. 187–197, 2011, doi: 10.1038/nature09792.
[83]
T. Strachan, A. P. Read, and T. Strachan, ‘Genetic Approaches to Treating Disease’, in Human Molecular Genetics, 4th Edition., New York: Garland Science, 2011, pp. 677–718.
[84]
D. Escors and K. Breckpot, ‘Lentiviral Vectors in Gene Therapy: Their Current Status and Future Potential’, Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis, vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 107–119, 2010, doi: 10.1007/s00005-010-0063-4.
[85]
E. P. Hoffman et al., ‘Restoring Dystrophin Expression in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Muscle’, The American Journal of Pathology, vol. 179, no. 1, pp. 12–22, 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.03.050. [Online]. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3124804/
[86]
Y. S. Chun, K. Byun, and B. Lee, ‘Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Personalized Medicine: Current Progress and Future Perspectives’, Anatomy & Cell Biology, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 245–255, 2011, doi: 10.5115/acb.2011.44.4.245.
[87]
T. J. Kindt, B. A. Osborne, R. A. Goldsby, and J. Kuby, Immunology, 6th ed. New York: W. H. Freeman, 2007.
[88]
S. Sadanand, ‘Vaccination: The Present and the Future’, Yale Journal Of Biology And Medicine, 2011. [Online]. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3238332/
[89]
‘“Different Types of Vaccines” on History of Vaccines Website’. [Online]. Available: http://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/articles/different-types-vaccines
[90]
‘“Types of Vaccines” on History of Vaccines Website’. [Online]. Available: http://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/types-vaccines
[91]
‘“The Human Immune System and Infectious Disease” on History of Vaccines Website’. [Online]. Available: http://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/articles/human-immune-system-and-infectious-disease
[92]
‘“The Future of Immunization” on History of Vaccines Webvsite’. [Online]. Available: http://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/articles/future-immunization
[93]
‘“The Development of HIV Vaccines” on History of Vaccines Website’. [Online]. Available: http://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/articles/development-hiv-vaccines
[94]
S. Boseley, ‘“First British volunteer injected with trial Ebola vaccine in Oxford” on The Guardian Website’, 2014. [Online]. Available: https://www.theguardian.com/society/2014/sep/17/ruth-atkins-first-british-volunteer-injected-trial-ebola-vaccine-oxford
[95]
H. Daniell, N. D. Singh, H. Mason, and S. J. Streatfield, ‘Plant-Made Vaccine Antigens and Biopharmaceuticals’, Trends in Plant Science, vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 669–679, 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2009.09.009.
[96]
J. C. Small and H. C. J. Ertl, ‘Viruses - From Pathogens to Vaccine Carriers’, Current Opinion in Virology, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 241–245, 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2011.07.009.
[97]
D. Serruto and R. Rappuoli, ‘Post-Genomic Vaccine Development’, FEBS Letters, vol. 580, no. 12, pp. 2985–2992, 2006, doi: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.04.084.
[98]
H. Daniell, N. D. Singh, H. Mason, and S. J. Streatfield, ‘Plant-Made Vaccine Antigens and Biopharmaceuticals’, Trends in Plant Science, vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 669–679, 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2009.09.009.
[99]
J. C. Small and H. C. J. Ertl, ‘Viruses From Pathogens to Vaccine Carriers’, Current Opinion in Virology, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 241–245, 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2011.07.009.
