1.
Mann, S.: Dowry Wealth and Wifely Virtue in Mid-Qing Gentry Households. Late Imperial China. 29, 64–76 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1353/late.0.0006.
2.
Smith, R.J.: Mapping China’s World: Cultural Cartography in Late Imperial China. In: Mapping China and Managing the World: Culture, Cartography and Cosmology in Late Imperial Times. Routledge, London (2013).
3.
Smith, R.J.: Conclusion. In: Chinese maps: images of ‘All Under Heaven’. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1996).
4.
Smith, R.J.: The Place of Barbarians in Chinese History. In: Chinese maps: images of ‘All Under Heaven’. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1996).
5.
Smith, R.J.: Cartography and Cultural Change. In: Chinese maps: images of ‘All Under Heaven’. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1996).
6.
Doolittle, J.: Social Life of the Chinese: With Some Account of Their Religious, Governmental, Educational, and Business Customs and Opinions. Graham Brash, Singapore (1986).
7.
Overmyer, D.: Chinese Religious Traditions From 1900-2005: An Overview. In: The Cambridge Companion to Modern Chinese Culture. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2008).
8.
Overmyer, D.: Chinese Religious Traditions From 1900-2005: An Overview. In: Louie, K. (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to Modern Chinese Culture. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2008).
9.
Eastman, L.E.: Gods, Ghosts and Ancestors: The Popular Religion. In: Family, Fields and Ancestors: Constancy and Change in China’s Social and Economic History, 1550-1949. Oxford University Press, New York (1988).
10.
Holcombe, C.: The Real Chinese Question. Methuen & Co., London (1901).
11.
Lin, W.: God Statues. In: Materializing Magic Power: Chinese Popular Religion in Villages and Cities. Harvard University Press (2015).
12.
Qingming Festival (Hello, China), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4gfpF4620-w, (2012).
13.
Ching Ming Festival to Pay Respect to the Loved Ones, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zkbJEFtc7UY, (2011).
14.
Szonyi, M.: Mothers, Sons and Lovers: Fidelity and Frugality in the Overseas Chinese Divided Family Before 1949. Journal of Chinese Overseas. 1, 43–64 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1163/179325405788639319.
15.
Kuhn, P.A.: Chinese Among Others: Emigration in Modern Times. Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham, Md (2009).
16.
Spence, J.D.: The Search for Modern China. W.W. Norton & Company, New York (2013).
17.
Page Moch, L.: Connecting Migration and World History: Demographic Patterns, Family Systems and Gender. International Review of Social History. 52, (2007). https://doi.org/10.1017/S002085900600280X.
18.
Lary, D.: Chinese Migrations: The Movement of People, Goods, and Ideas Over Four Millennia. Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham, MD (2012).
19.
Andrade, T.: How Taiwan became Chinese : Dutch, Spanish, and Han colonization in the seventeenth century. Columbia University Press, [Place of publication not identified] (2008).
20.
Andrade, T.: How Taiwan Became Chinese: Dutch, Spanish, and Han Colonization in the Seventeenth Century. Columbia University Press, New York (2010).
21.
Teng, E.: Chapters 1 and 4 of Taiwan’s Imagined Geography: Chinese Colonial Travel Writing and Pictures, 1683-1895. In: Taiwan’s imagined geography: Chinese colonial travel writing and pictures, 1683-1895. Harvard University Asia centre, Cambridge, Mass (2004).
22.
Lattimore, O.: Chapters 1-3. In: Manchuria Cradle of Conflict. The Macmillan Company, New York (1932).
23.
Ford, A.H.: Digital History Project: The Chinese Eastern Railway Sergey Friede, http://www.digitalhistoryproject.com/2012/05/chinese-eastern-railway-sergey-friede.html.
24.
Waldron, A.: Chapter 11. In: The Great Wall of China: From History to Myth. Cambridge University Press (1992).
25.
Lary, D.: Chinese Migrations: The Movement of People, Goods, and Ideas Over Four Millennia. Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham, MD (2012).
26.
Look Lai, W.: The Chinese in the West Indies, 1806-1995: A Documentary History. The Press, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica (1998).
27.
Meagher, A.J.: Chapters 11 and 12. In: The Coolie Trade: The Traffic in Chinese Laborers to Latin America 1847-1874. Xlibris Corporation, [Philadelphia, Pa.] (2008).
28.
Chinese Emigration: Report of the Commission Sent by China to Ascertain the Condition of Chinese Coolies in Cuba, https://iiif.lib.harvard.edu/manifests/view/drs:44812135$212i.
29.
Convention to Regulate the Engagement of Chinese Emigrants by British and French Subjects, (1866).
30.
Commonwealth War Graves Commission: The Chinese Labour Corps at the Western Front, https://issuu.com/wargravescommission/docs/chinese_labour_corps.
31.
Olsson, L.: Labor Migration as a Prelude to World War I. International Migration Review. 30, (1996). https://doi.org/10.2307/2547596.
32.
Roose, E.: Chinese Labourers in Northern France During the Great War, http://www.remembrancetrails-northernfrance.com/history/nations-in-war/chinese-labourers-in-northern-france-during-the-great-war.html.
33.
Fawcett, B.C.: ‘The Chinese Labour Corps in France 1917-1921’ in Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 40, 33–111 (2000).
34.
Xu, G.: Chapter 1. In: Strangers on the Western Front: Chinese Workers in the Great War. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass (2011).
35.
Xu, G.: Chapter 1. In: Strangers on the Western Front: Chinese workers in the Great War. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts (2011).
36.
Millward, J.: Chapters 5 and 6 of Beyond the Pass: Economy, Ethnicity, and Empire in Qing Central Asia, 1759-1864. In: Beyond the pass: economy, ethnicity, and empire in Qing Central Asia, 1759-1864. Stanford University Press, Stanford (2016).
37.
Lattimore, O.: Chapter 3. In: Pivot of Asia: Sinkiang and the Inner Asian Frontiers of China and Russia. Little, Brown and Company, Boston (1950).
38.
Bellér-Hann, I.: Community Matters in Xinjiang, 1880-1949: Towards a Historical Anthropology of the Uyghur. Brill, Leiden (2008).
39.
Bellér-Hann, I.: Community Matters in Xinjiang, 1880-1949: Towards a Historical Anthropology of the Uyghur. Brill, Leiden (2008).
40.
Peterson, G.: Overseas Chinese and Merchant Philanthropy in China: From Culturalism to Nationalism. Journal of Chinese Overseas. 1, 87–109 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1163/179325405788639346.
41.
Kuhn, P.A.: Chapters 6 and 7. In: Chinese Among Others: Emigration in Modern Times. Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham, Md (2009).
42.
Kuhn, P.A.: Chapters 6 and 7. In: Chinese Among Others: Emigration in Modern Times. Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham, Md (2009).
43.
Kuo, H.: Native-Place Ties in Transnational Networks: Overseas Chinese Nationalism and Fujian’s Developments, 1928-1941. In: Chinese History in Geographical Perspective. Lexington Books; Reprint edition (2015).
44.
Campbell, P.C.: Chinese Coolie Emigration to Countries Within the British Empire. Ulan Press (1923).
45.
Benton, G., Gomez, E.T.: Chapters 2 and 3. In: The Chinese in Britain, 1800-Present: Economy, Transnationalism, Identity. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke (2008).
46.
Benton, G., Gomez, E.T.: Chapters 2 and 3. In: The Chinese in Britain, 1800-Present: Economy, Transnationalism, Identity. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke (2011).
47.
Seed, J.: ‘Limehouse Blues: Looking for Chinatown in the London Docks, 1900-40’ in History Workshop Journal. History Workshop Journal. 62, 58–85 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1093/hwj/dbl003.
48.
Ming-Ai Institute, http://www.ming-ai.org.uk/.
49.
Fielden, B.: Seafaring 航海 - British Chinese Heritage Centre | British Chinese Heritage Centre, http://www.britishchineseheritagecentre.org.uk/library/articles/53-seafaring#1-article.
50.
Chinese in the Port of London, http://www.portcities.org.uk/london/server/show/ConNarrative.127/chapterId/2614/Chinese-in-the-Port-of-London.html.
51.
Benton, G., Gomez, E.T.: Chapter 6. In: The Chinese in Britain, 1800-Present: Economy, Transnationalism, Identity. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke (2008).
52.
Benton, G., Gomez, E.T.: Chapter 6. In: The Chinese in Britain, 1800-Present: Economy, Transnationalism, Identity. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke (2011).
53.
Auerbach, S.: China’s Initial Encounter With Western Cartography. In: Race, Law, and ‘The Chinese Puzzle’ in Imperial Britain. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke (2012).
54.
Aliens Acts 1905 and 1919 | Explore 20th Century London, http://www.20thcenturylondon.org.uk/aliens-acts-1905-and-1919.
55.
British Nationality and Restriction of Aliens Act 1914, http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http://www.movinghere.org.uk/search/catalogue.asp?RecordID=77094&ResourceTypeID=2&sequence=7.
56.
Aliens Restriction (Amendment) Act 1919.
57.
Lary, D.: Chinese Migrations: The Movement of People, Goods, and Ideas Over Four Millennia. Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham, MD (2012).
58.
Carter, J.H.: Chapter 5. In: Creating a Chinese Harbin: Nationalism in an International City, 1916-1932. Cornell University Press, Ithaca (2002).
59.
Lattimore, O.: Chapters 10 and 11. In: Manchuria Cradle of Conflict. The Macmillan Company, New York (1932).
60.
Young, L.: Chapter 8. In: Japan’s Total Empire: Manchuria and the Culture of Wartime Imperialism. University of California Press, Berkeley (1998).
61.
Young, L.: Chapter 8. In: Japan’s Total Empire: Manchuria and the Culture of Wartime Imperialism. University of California Press, Berkeley, Calif (1999).
62.
Gottschang, T.R.: ‘Economic Change, Disasters, and Migration: The Historical Case of Manchuria’ in Economic Development and Cultural Change. Economic Development and Cultural Change. 35, 461–490 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1086/451600.
63.
Pu Yi- The Last Emperor of China, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SX0Wy9sBUcU, (2010).
64.
Goodman, B.: ‘The Locality as Microcosm of the Nation?: Native Place Networks and Early Urban Nationalism in China’ in Modern China. Modern China. 21, 387–419 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1177/009770049502100401.
65.
Belsky, R.: Chapter 6 of Localities at the Center: Native Place, Space, and Power in Late Imperial Beijing. In: Localities at the center: native place, space, and power in late imperial Beijing. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass (2005).
66.
Honig, E.: Chapters 3 and 6. In: Sisters and Strangers: Women in the Shanghai Cotton Mills, 1919-1949. Stanford University Press, Stanford, Calif (1986).
67.
Gatrell, P.: ‘War and Population Displacement in East Asia, 1937–1950’ in The Making of the Modern Refugee. In: The Making of the Modern Refugee. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2013).
68.
Gatrell, P.: ‘War and Population Displacement in East Asia, 1937–1950’ in The Making of the Modern Refugee. In: The Making of the Modern Refugee. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2013).
69.
Van de Ven, H.J.: Chapter 7. In: War and Nationalism in China, 1925-1945. RoutledgeCurzon, London (2003).
70.
Ferlanti, F.: ‘The New Life Movement at War: Wartime Mobilisation and State Control in Chongqing and Chengdu, 1938–1942’ in European Journal of East Asian Studies. European Journal of East Asian Studies. 11, 187–212 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1163/15700615-20121104.
71.
Wen-tsai, T.: ‘The Last of the Whampoa Breed’ in The Last of the Whampoa Breed: Stories of the Chinese Diaspora. In: The last of the Whampoa breed: stories of the Chinese diaspora. Columbia University Press, New York (2003).
72.
Pin-zai, S.: Shore to Shore. In: The Last of the Whampoa Breed: Stories of the Chinese Diaspora. Columbia University Press, New York (2003).
73.
Fan, J.: Chapters 2 and 3. In: China’s Homeless Generation: Voices From the Veterans of the Chinese Civil War, 1940s-1990s. Routledge (2015).
74.
Lary, D.: Chinese Migrations: The Movement of People, Goods, and Ideas Over Four Millennia. Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham, MD (2012).
75.
Zhenghua, J., Hong, M., Youngan, Z.: An Estimation of the Out-Migration From Mainland China to Taiwan: 1946-1949. Chinese Journal of Population Science. 8,.
76.
Caroline, T.H.: Shaping Administration in Colonial Taiwan, 1895-1945. In: Taiwan Under Japanese Colonial Rule, 1895-1945: History, Culture, Memory. Columbia University Press, New York (2006).
77.
Cloud, P., Galenson, D.W.: ‘Chinese Immigration and Contract Labor in the Late Nineteenth Century’ in Explorations in Economic History. Explorations in Economic History. 24, 22–42 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-4983(87)90003-9.
78.
Kuhn, P.A.: Chinese Among Others: Emigration in Modern Times. Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham, Md (2009).
79.
U. S. Treaties, etc. Andrew Johnson.: Additional Articles to the Treaty Between the United States of America and the Ta-Tsing Empire, of June 18, 1858. Concluded at Washington, July 28, 1868, http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.rbc/rbpe.23602400.
80.
Dong, J., Hu, S., Chinese American Society: The Rocky Road to Liberty: A Documented History of Chinese Immigration and Exclusion. Javvin Technologies, Inc, Saratoga (2010).
81.
McKeown, A.: Conceptualizing Chinese Diasporas, 1842 to 1949. The Journal of Asian Studies. 58, (1999). https://doi.org/10.2307/2659399.
82.
The Chinese-American Experience Part I of III, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fBoPzC67RMk, (2015).
83.
Ling, H.: Surviving on the gold mountain: a history of Chinese American women and their lives. State University of New York Press, Albany, N.Y. (1998).
84.
Hsu, M.Y.: Chapters 3-6. In: Dreaming of Gold, Dreaming of Home: Transnationalism and Migration Between the United States and South China, 1882-1943. Stanford University Press, Stanford, Calif (2000).
85.
Hsu, M.Y.: ‘Migration and Native Place: Qiaokan and the Imagined Community of Taishan County, Guangdong, 1893-1993’ in The Journal of Asian Studies. The Journal of Asian Studies. 59, (2000). https://doi.org/10.2307/2658658.
86.
Dong, J., Hu, S., Chinese American Society: The Rocky Road to Liberty: A Documented History of Chinese Immigration and Exclusion. Javvin Technologies, Inc, Saratoga (2010).
87.
Wong, S.-K.: Die for the Boycott and Nation: Martyrdom and the 1905 Anti-American Movement in China. Modern Asian Studies. 35, (2001). https://doi.org/10.1017/S0026749X01003031.
88.
Meissner, D.J.: ‘China’s 1905 Anti-American Boycott: A Nationalist Myth?’ in Journal of American-East Asian Relations. Journal of American-East Asian Relations. 10, 175–196 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1163/187656101793645551.
89.
Mark, C.-K.: ‘The “Problem of People”: British Colonials, Cold War Powers, and the Chinese Refugees in Hong Kong, 1949–62’ in Modern Asian Studies. Modern Asian Studies. 41, (2007). https://doi.org/10.1017/S0026749X06002666.
90.
Airriess, C.A.: ‘Governmentality and Power in Politically Contested Space: Refugee Farming in Hong Kong’s New Territories, 1945–1970’ in Journal of Historical Geography. Journal of Historical Geography. 31, 763–783 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhg.2005.02.002.
91.
Carroll, J.M.: Colonial Hong Kong as a Cultural-Historical Place. Modern Asian Studies. 40, (2006). https://doi.org/10.1017/S0026749X06001958.
92.
Peterson, G.: To Be or Not to Be a Refugee: The International Politics of the Hong Kong Refugee Crisis, 1949–55. The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History. 36, 171–195 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1080/03086530802180924.
93.
Teng, S., Fairbank, J.K.: Introduction. In: China’s Response to the West: A Documentary Survey, 1839-1923. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass (1979).
94.
Elliott, M.C.: ‘Frontier Stories: Periphery as Center in Qing History’ in Frontiers of History in China. Frontiers of History in China. 9, (2014).
95.
Wu, G.: New Qing History: Dispute, Dialog, and Influence. The Chinese Historical Review. 23, 47–69 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1080/1547402X.2016.1168180.
96.
Vertovec, S.: Introduction. In: Transnationalism. Routledge, London (2009).