Abrahams, Mark V., Melissa Pink, and Cheryl Klassen. ‘Predator Avoidance’. Encyclopedia of Life Sciences. Wiley Interscience, 2001. Web.
Aguirre, Luis F. et al. ‘Ecomorphological Analysis of Trophic Niche Partitioning in a Tropical Savannah Bat Community’. Proceedings: Biological Sciences 269.1497 (2002): 1271–1278. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/3067902>.
Aguirre, M. L., S. Richiano, and Y. Negro Sirch. ‘Palaeoenvironments and Palaeoclimates of the Quaternary Molluscan Faunas From the Coastal Area of Bahía Vera-Camarones (Chubut, Patagonia)’. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 229.4 (2006): 251–286. Web.
Alcover, Josep Antoni, Antònia Sans, and Miquel Palmer. ‘The Extent of Extinctions of Mammals on Islands’. Journal of Biogeography 25.5 (1998): 913–918. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/2846256>.
Alvarez, W. et al. ‘Impact Theory of Mass Extinctions and the Invertebrate Fossil Record’. Science 223.4641 (1984): 1135–1141. Web.
Arribas, Alfonso, and Paul Palmqvist. ‘On the Ecological Connection Between Sabre-Tooths and Hominids: Faunal Dispersal Events in the Lower Pleistocene and a Review of the Evidence for the First Human Arrival in Europe’. Journal of Archaeological Science 26.5 (1999): 571–585. Web.
Baker, Allan J. et al. ‘Reconstructing the Tempo and Mode of Evolution in an Extinct Clade of Birds with Ancient DNA: The Giant Moas of New Zealand’. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 102.23 (2005): 8257–8262. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/3375826>.
Baker, Brenda J. et al. ‘The Origin and Antiquity of Syphilis: Paleopathological Diagnosis and Interpretation [and Comments and Reply]’. Current Anthropology 29.5 (1988): 703–737. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/2743609>.
Balbo, Andrea et al. ‘Shell Midden Research: An Interdisciplinary Agenda for the Quaternary and Social Sciences’. Quaternary International 239.1–2 (2011): 147–152. Web.
Balshine, Sigal. ‘Patterns of Parental Care in Vertebrates’. The Evolution of Parental Care. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. 62–80. Print.
---. ‘Patterns of Parental Care in Vertebrates’. The Evolution of Parental Care. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. 62–80. Web.
Baquero, R. A., and J. L. Tellería. ‘Species Richness, Rarity and Endemicity of European Mammals: A Biogeographical Approach’. Biodiversity and Conservation 10.1 (2001): 29–44. Web.
Baquero, R.A., and J.L. Telleria. ‘Exceptional Record of Mid-Pleistocene Vertebrates Helps Differentiate Climatic From Anthropogenic Ecosystem Perturbations’. Web. <http://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/101/25/9297.full.pdf>.
Begon, Michael. ‘Extract’. Ecology: Individuals, Populations and Communities. 2nd Edition. Boston, Mass: Blackwell Scientific, 1990. 166–173. Print.
Bennett, K. D. ‘Continuing the Debate on the Role of Quaternary Environmental Change for Macroevolution’. Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences 359.1442 (2004): 295–303. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/4142181>.
Blumenthal, Dana, and David Augustine. ‘Plant Interactions with Herbivores’. Encyclopedia of Life Sciences. Wiley Interscience, 2001. Web.
Bodmer, Richard E. ‘Responses of Ungulates to Seasonal Inundations in the Amazon Floodplain’. Journal of Tropical Ecology 6.2 (1990): 191–201. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/2559266>.
Boeskorov, Gennady G. et al. ‘Woolly Rhino Discovery in the Lower Kolyma River’. Quaternary Science Reviews 30.17–18 (2011): 2262–2272. Web.
Bond, W. J., F. I. Woodward, and G. F. Midgley. ‘The Global Distribution of Ecosystems in a World Without Fire’. New Phytologist 165.2 (2004): 525–538. Web.
Bond, William J. et al. ‘The Antiquity of Madagascar’s Grasslands and the Rise of C₄ Grassy Biomes’. Journal of Biogeography 35.10 (2008): 1743–1758. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/20143395>.
Brace, Selina et al. ‘Serial Population Extinctions in a Small Mammal Indicate Late Pleistocene Ecosystem Instability’. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 109.50 (2012): 20532–20536. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/41830560>.
Brown, James H. ‘Mammals on Mountaintops: Nonequilibrium Insular Biogeography’. The American Naturalist 105.Sep-Oct (1971): 467–478. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/2459514>.
Brubaker, Linda B. et al. ‘Beringia as a Glacial Refugium for Boreal Trees and Shrubs: New Perspectives from Mapped Pollen Data’. Journal of Biogeography 32.5 (2005): 833–848. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/3566272>.
Buckland, Paul C., and Jon. P Sadler. ‘A Biogeography of the Human Flea, Pulex Irritans L. (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae)’. Journal of Biogeography 16.2 (1989): 115–120. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2845085>.
Bunce, Michael et al. ‘Ancient DNA Provides New Insights Into the Evolutionary History of New Zealand’s Extinct Giant Eagle’. PLoS Biology 3.1 (2005): n. pag. Web. <https://pure.royalholloway.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/ancient-dna-provides-new-insights-into-the-evolutionary-history-of-new-zealands-extinct-giant-eagle(3f56e2bd-f4c1-4db0-9918-675c76e0fdab).html>.
Burghouts, T. B. A., E. J. F. Campbell, and P. J. Kolderman. ‘Effects of Tree Species Heterogeneity on Leaf Fall in Primary and Logged Dipterocarp Forest in the Ulu Segama Forest Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia’. Journal of Tropical Ecology 10.1 (1994): 1–26. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/2559228>.
Castellano, Sergio, and Paolo Cermelli. ‘Preys’ Exploitation of Predators’ Fear: When the Caterpillar Plays the Gruffalo’. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282.1820 (2015): n. pag. Web.
Cerling, T. E. ‘Development of Grasslands and Savannas in East Africa During the Neogene’. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 97.3 (1992): 241–247. Web.
Clauss, M. et al. ‘The Maximum Attainable Body Size of Herbivorous Mammals: Morphophysiological Constraints on Foregut, and Adaptations of Hindgut Fermenters’. Oecologia 136.1 (2003): 14–27. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/4223640>.
Cleaveland, S., M. K. Laurenson, and L. H. Taylor. ‘Diseases of Humans and Their Domestic Mammals: Pathogen Characteristics, Host Range and the Risk of Emergence’. Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences 356.1411 (2001): 991–999. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/3066690>.
Colinvaux, Paul. ‘Chapter 8 and Chapter 9’. Ecology. New York: Wiley, 1986. Print.
Connell, Joseph H. ‘The Influence of Interspecific Competition and Other Factors on the Distribution of the Barnacle Chthamalus Stellatus’. Ecology 42.4 (1961): 710–723. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1933500>.
Coope, G. Russell. ‘Coleopteran Faunas as Indicators of Interglacial Climates in Central and Southern England’. Quaternary Science Reviews 29.13–14 (2010): 1507–1514. Web.
Corlett, Richard T., and Richard B. Primack. ‘Tropical Rainforests and the Need for Cross-Continental Comparisons’. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 21.2 (2006): 104–110. Web.
Courchamp, Franck et al. ‘Climate Change, Sea-Level Rise, and Conservation: Keeping Island Biodiversity Afloat’. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 29.3 (2014): 127–130. Web.
Cox, C. Barry, and Peter D. Moore. Biogeography: An Ecological and Evolutionary Approach. 8th ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2010. Print.
---. Biogeography: An Ecological and Evolutionary Approach. 8th ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2010. Print.
---. Biogeography: An Ecological and Evolutionary Approach. Malden, Mass: Blackwell, 2005. Web. <http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781444311174>.
---. Biogeography: An Ecological and Evolutionary Approach. 8th ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2010. Print.
---. Biogeography: An Ecological and Evolutionary Approach. Malden, Mass: Blackwell, 2005. Web. <http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781444311174>.
---. Biogeography: An Ecological and Evolutionary Approach. 8th ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2010. Print.
---. Biogeography: An Ecological and Evolutionary Approach. Malden, Mass: Blackwell, 2005. Web. <http://ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781444311174>.
---. Biogeography: An Ecological and Evolutionary Approach. 8th ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2010. Print.
---. ‘Living in the Past’. Biogeography: An Ecological and Evolutionary Approach. 7th Edition. Malden, Mass: Blackwell, 2005. 201–224. Print.
---. ‘Patterns of Distribution’. Biogeography: An Ecological and Evolutionary Approach. 7th Edition. Malden, Mass: Blackwell, 2010. 73–118. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=428084>.
Cox, X. C. Barry, and Peter D. Moore. ‘Communities and Ecosystems’. Biogeography: An Ecological and Evolutionary Approach. 7th Edition. Malden, Mass: Blackwell, 2005. 119–142. Print.
Craw, D. et al. ‘Evolution of Biological Dispersal Corridors Through a Tectonically Active Mountain Range in New Zealand’. Journal of Biogeography 35.10 (2008): 1790–1802. Web.
Crowther, T. W., H. B. Glick, et al. ‘Mapping Tree Density at a Global Scale’. Nature 525.7568 (2015): 201–205. Web.
Crowther, T. W., K. E. O. Todd-Brown, et al. ‘Quantifying Global Soil Carbon Losses in Response to Warming’. Nature 540.7631 (2016): 104–108. Web.
Curio, Eberhard. The Ethology of Predation. Zoophysiology. Berlin: Springer, 1976. Print.
Currant, Andrew P., and Roger Jacobi. ‘The Mammal Faunas of the British Late Pleistocene’. The Ancient Human Occupation of Britain. Vol. 14. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2010. 165–180. Print.
Davidson, Eric A., and Peter B. Reich. ‘Permafrost and Wetland Carbon Stocks [with Response]’. Science 330.6008 (2010): 1176–1177. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/40931502>.
de Castro, Marcia Caldas, and Burton H. Singer. ‘Was Malaria Present in the Amazon Before the European Conquest? Available Evidence and Future Research Agenda’. Journal of Archaeological Science 32.3 (2005): 337–340. Web.
de Queiroz, Alan. ‘The Resurrection of Oceanic Dispersal in Historical Biogeography’. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 20.2 (2005): 68–73. Web.
de Souza-Stevaux, Maria Conceicao, Raquel R. B. Negrelle, and Vanilde Citadini-Zanette. ‘Seed Dispersal by the Fish Pterodoras Granulosus in the Parana River Basin, Brazil’. Journal of Tropical Ecology 10.4 (1994): 621–626. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/2559995>.
Diamon, Jared M., and Ernst Mayr. ‘Species-Area Relation for Birds of the Solomon Archipelago’. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 73.1 (1976): 262–266. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/65082>.
Diamond, Jared M. ‘The Island Dilemma: Lessons of Modern Biogeographic Studies for the Design of Natural Reserves’. Biological Conservation 7.2 (1975): 129–146. Web.
Dobson, Andy et al. ‘Homage to Linnaeus: How Many Parasites? How Many Hosts?’ Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105 (2008): 11482–11489. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/25463367>.
Douady, Christophe J. et al. ‘The Sahara as a Vicariant Agent, and the Role of Miocene Climatic Events, in the Diversification of the Mammalian Order Macroscelidea (Elephant Shrews)’. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100.14 (2003): 8325–8330. Web.
Dugatkin, Lee Alan, and Jean-Guy J. Godin. ‘Prey Approaching Predators: A Cost-Benefit Perspective’. Annales Zoologici Fennici 29.4 (1992): 233–252. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/23735625>.
Elias, S. A. ‘Insect Zoogeography in the Quaternary’. Advances in Quaternary Entomology. Developments in Quaternary Science. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2010. 79–87. Print.
---. ‘Insect Zoogeography in the Quaternary’. Advances in Quaternary Entomology. Developments in Quaternary Sciences. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2009. 79–87. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=472897>.
Elias, S. A., and D. C. Schreve. ‘Vertebrate Records | Late Pleistocene Megafaunal Extinctions’. Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science. Ed. Scott A. Elias and Cary J. Mock. 2nd Edition. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2013. 700–712. Web.
Elias, Scott A. ‘Late Quaternary Zoogeography of the Chihuahuan Desert Insect Fauna, Based on Fossil Records from Packrat Middens’. Journal of Biogeography 19.3 (1992): 285–297. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2845452>.
Elias, Scott A., Daniil Berman, and Arkady Alfimov. ‘Late Pleistocene Beetle Faunas of Beringia: Where East Met West’. Journal of Biogeography 27.6 (2000): 1349–1363. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2656082>.
Elias, Scott A., and Barnaby Crocker. ‘The Bering Land Bridge: A Moisture Barrier to the Dispersal of Steppe–Tundra Biota?’ Quaternary Science Reviews 27.27–28 (2008): 2473–2483. Web.
Eloy de Amorim, Mariana et al. ‘Lizards on Newly Created Islands Independently and Rapidly Adapt in Morphology and Diet’. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114.33 (2017): 8812–8816. Web.
Erkens, Roy H.J. et al. ‘A Rapid Diversification of Rainforest Trees (Guatteria; Annonaceae) Following Dispersal From Central Into South America’. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 44.1 (2007): 399–411. Web.
Estes, J. A. et al. ‘Killer Whale Predation on Sea Otters Linking Oceanic and Nearshore Ecosystems’. Science 282.5388 (1998): 473–476. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2897843>.
Estes, James E., Norman S. Smith, and John F. Palmisano. ‘Sea Otter Predation and Community Organization in the Western Aleutian Islands, Alaska’. Ecology 59.4 (1978): 822–833. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1938786>.
Estrada, Alejandro, and Rosamond Coates-Estrada. ‘Howler Monkeys (Alouatta Palliata), Dung Beetles (Scarabaeidae) and Seed Dispersal: Ecological Interactions in the Tropical Rain Forest of Los Tuxtlas, Mexico’. Journal of Tropical Ecology 7.4 (1991): 459–474. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/2559213>.
‘Fire in the Earth System’. (2009): n. pag. Web. <http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/324/5926/481.full.pdf>.
Fisher, Diana O. et al. ‘Sperm Competition Drives the Evolution of Suicidal Reproduction in Mammals.’ Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110.44 (2013): 17910–17914. Web. <http://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/110/44/17910.full.pdf>.
Fleming, Theodore H. ‘Numbers of Mammal Species in North and Central American Forest Communities’. Ecology 54.3 (1973): 555–563. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/1935340>.
‘Forests, Fires and Climate’. (2004): n. pag. Web. <https://www.nature.com/articles/432028a.pdf>.
Froese, Duane G. et al. ‘Ancient Permafrost and a Future, Warmer Arctic’. Science 321.5896 (2008): 1648–1648. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/20144836>.
Furley, Peter A. ‘The Nature and Diversity of Neotropical Savanna Vegetation With Particular Reference to the Brazilian Cerrados’. Global Ecology and Biogeography 8.3 (1999): 223–241. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/2997885>.
Gauthier, S. et al. ‘Boreal Forest Health and Global Change’. Science 349.6250 (2015): 819–822. Web.
Gavin, Daniel G. et al. ‘Forest Fire and Climate Change in Western North America: Insights From Sediment Charcoal Records’. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 5.9 (2007): 499–506. Web.
Genner, Martin J., George F. Turner, and Stephen J. Hawkins. ‘Foraging of Rocky Habitat Cichlid Fishes in Lake Malawi: Coexistence Through Niche Partitioning?’ Oecologia 121.2 (1999): 283–292. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/4222466>.
Girling, Maureen A., and James Greig. ‘A First Fossil Record for Scolytus Scolytus (f.) (Elm Bark Beetle): Its Occurrence in Elm Decline Deposits From London and the Implications for Neolithic Elm Disease’. Journal of Archaeological Science 12.5 (1985): 347–351. Web.
Godin, Jean-Guy J., and Heather E. McDonough. ‘Predator Preference for Brightly Colored Males in the Guppy: A Viability Cost for a Sexually Selected Trait’. Behavioral Ecology 14.2 (2003): 194–200. Web.
Graham, Russell W. et al. ‘Spatial Response of Mammals to Late Quaternary Environmental Fluctuations’. Science 272.5268 (1996): 1601–1606. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/2890666>.
Grant, Peter R., and Peter T. Boag. ‘Rainfall on the Galápagos and the Demography of Darwin’s Finches’. The Auk 97.2 (1980): 227–244. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/4085698>.
Grayson, Donald K. ‘The Late Quaternary Biogeographic Histories of Some Great Basin Mammals (Western USA)’. Quaternary Science Reviews 25.21–22 (2006): 2964–2991. Web.
---. ‘The Late Quaternary Biogeographic Histories of Some Great Basin Mammals (Western Usa)’. Quaternary Science Reviews 25.21–22 (2006): 2964–2991. Web.
Grayson, Donald K., and David J. Meltzer. ‘A Requiem for North American Overkill’. Journal of Archaeological Science 30.5 (2003): 585–593. Web.
Hanewinkel, Marc et al. ‘Climate Change May Cause Severe Loss in the Economic Value of European Forest Land’. Nature Climate Change 3.3 (2013): 203–207. Print.
Harvell, C. Drew et al. ‘Climate Warming and Disease Risks for Terrestrial and Marine Biota’. Science 296.5576 (2002): 2158–2162. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/3077097>.
Heaney, Lawrence R. ‘Guest Editorial: Is a New Paradigm Emerging for Oceanic Island Biogeography?’ Journal of Biogeography 34.5 (2007): 753–757. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/4640550>.
Hellgren, Eric C., David P. Onorato, and J. Raymond Skiles. ‘Dynamics of a Black Bear Population Within a Desert Metapopulation’. Biological Conservation 122.1 (2005): 131–140. Web.
Herbert, Timothy D. et al. ‘Late Miocene Global Cooling and the Rise of Modern Ecosystems’. Nature Geoscience 9.11 (2016): 843–847. Web.
Hewitt, Godfrey. ‘The Genetic Legacy of the Quaternary Ice Ages’. Nature 405.6789 (2000): 907–913. Web.
Hocknull, Scott A. et al. ‘Dragon’s Paradise Lost: Palaeobiogeography, Evolution and Extinction of the Largest-Ever Terrestrial Lizards (Varanidae)’. PLoS ONE 4.9 (2009): n. pag. Web.
Hooghiemstra, H., and J. C. Berrio. ‘Pollen Records, Late Pleistocene | South America’. Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science. Ed. Scott A. Elias and Cary J. Mock. 2nd Edition. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2013. 52–62. Web.
Howlett, Rory J., and Michael E. N. Majerus. ‘The Understanding of Industrial Melanism in the Peppered Moth (Biston Betularia) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)’. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 30.1 (1987): 31–44. Print.
Huntley, Brian. ‘How Plants Respond to Climate Change: Migration Rates, Individualism and the Consequences for Plant Communities’. Annals of Botany 67.supp1 (1991): 15–22. Web.
Jackson, Stephen T., and Richard J. Hobbs. ‘Ecological Restoration in the Light of Ecological History’. Science 325.5940 (2009): 567–569. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/20544198>.
Janis, Christine M. ‘Tertiary Mammal Evolution in the Context of Changing Climates, Vegetation, and Tectonic Events’. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 24 (1993): 467–500. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/2097187>.
Janis, Christine M., and Patricia Brady Wilhelm. ‘Were There Mammalian Pursuit Predators in the Tertiary? Dances With Wolf Avatars’. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 1.2 (1993): 103–125. Web.
Kathleen Lyons, S. et al. ‘Was a “Hyperdisease” Responsible for the Late Pleistocene Megafaunal Extinction?’ Ecology Letters 7.9 (2004): 859–868. Web.
Kauffman, Matthew J., Jedediah F. Brodie, and Erik S. Jules. ‘Are Wolves Saving Yellowstone’s Aspen? A Landscape-Level Test of a Behaviorally Mediated Trophic Cascade’. Ecology 91.9 (2010): 2742–2755. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/27860850>.
Kemper, Catherine, and David T. Bell. ‘Small Mammals and Habitat Structure in Lowland Rain Forest of Peninsular Malaysia’. Journal of Tropical Ecology 1.1 (1985): 5–22. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/2559711>.
Krebs, Charles J. et al. ‘What Drives the 10-Year Cycle of Snowshoe Hares?’ BioScience 51.1 (2001): 25–35. Web.
---. ‘What Drives the 10-Year Cycle of Snowshoe Hares?’ BioScience 51.1 (2001): 25–35. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051%5B0025:wdtyco%5D2.0.co;2>.
Krug, Andrew. Z., David Jablonski, and James W. Valentine. ‘Signature of the End-Cretaceous Mass Extinction in the Modern Biota’. Science 323.5915 (2009): 767–771. Web.
Laurance, William F. et al. ‘Ecosystem Decay of Amazonian Forest Fragments: A 22-Year Investigation’. Conservation Biology 16.3 (2002): 605–618. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/3061207>.
Lawton, J. H. Lawton, and D. R Strong. ‘Community Patterns and Competition in Folivorous Insects’. The American Naturalist 118.3 (1981): 317–338. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2460635>.
‘Learning to Coexist With Wildfires’. (2014): n. pag. Web. <https://www.nature.com/articles/nature13946.pdf>.
Lessa, Enrique P., Joseph A. Cook, and James L. Patton. ‘Genetic Footprints of Demographic Expansion in North America, but Not Amazonia, During the Late Quaternary’. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 100.18 (2003): 10331–10334. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/3147716>.
Levine, J.M., and D.J. Murrell. ‘The Community-Level Consequences of Seed Dispersal Patterns’. N.p., 2003. Web. <https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.34.011802.132400>.
Limondin-Lozouet, Nicole, and Richard C. Preece. ‘Molluscan Successions From the Holocene Tufa of St Germain-Le-Vasson, Normandy(France) and Their Biogeographical Significance’. Journal of Quaternary Science 19.1 (2004): 55–71. Web.
Lister, Adrian M. ‘The Impact of Quaternary Ice Ages on Mammalian Evolution’. Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences 359.1442 (2004): 221–241. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/4142175>.
Lister, Adrian M., and Anthony J. Stuart. ‘The Impact of Climate Change on Large Mammal Distribution and Extinction: Evidence From the Last Glacial/Interglacial Transition’. Comptes Rendus Geoscience 340.9–10 (2008): 615–620. Web.
Mabberley, D. J. Tropical Rain Forest Ecology. 2nd Edition. Glasgow: Blackie, 1992. Print.
MacArthur, Robert H. ‘Population Ecology of Some Warblers of Northeastern Coniferous Forests’. Ecology 39.4 (1958): 599–619. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1931600>.
Mack, Michelle C. et al. ‘Carbon Loss From an Unprecedented Arctic Tundra Wildfire’. Nature 475.7357 (2011): 489–492. Web.
McLean, Dewey M. ‘Deccan Traps Mantle Degassing in the Terminal Cretaceous Marine Extinctions’. Cretaceous Research 6.3 (1985): 235–259. Web.
McMahon, R.F. ‘Evolutionary and Physiological Adaptations of Aquatic Invasive Animals: R Selection Versus Resistance’. N.p., 2002. Web. <http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/f02-105>.
Meijer, T., and R. C. Preece. ‘A Review of the Occurrence of Corbicula in the Pleistocene of North-West Europe’. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 79.2–3 (2000): 241–255. Web.
---. ‘Malacological Evidence Relating to the Insularity of the British Isles During the Quaternary’. Island Britain: A Quaternary Perspective. Vol. 96. London: Geological Society, 1995. 89–110. Print.
Meiri, Shai, and Tamar Dayan. ‘On the Validity of Bergmann’s Rule’. Journal of Biogeography 30.3 (2003): 331–351. Web.
Meyrick, R. A., and R. C. Preece. ‘Molluscan Successions from Two Holocene Tufas Near Northampton, English Midlands’. Journal of Biogeography 28.1 (2001): 77–93. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/2656162>.
Miller, Gifford H. et al. ‘Pleistocene Extinction of Genyornis Newtoni: Human Impact on Australian Megafauna’. Science 283.5399 (1999): 205–208. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/2897399>.
Millien-Parra, Virginie, and Jean-Jacques Jaeger. ‘Island Biogeography of the Japanese Terrestrial Mammal Assemblages: An Example of a Relict Fauna’. Journal of Biogeography 26.5 (1999): 959–972. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/2656237>.
Miura, Osamu, Mark E. Torchin, and Eldredge Bermingham. ‘Molecular Phylogenetics Reveals Differential Divergence of Coastal Snails Separated by the Isthmus of Panama’. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 56.1 (2010): 40–48. Web.
Morwood, M. J. et al. ‘Archaeology and Age of a New Hominin From Flores in Eastern Indonesia’. Nature 431.7012 (2004): 1087–1091. Web.
Myers, Norman et al. ‘Biodiversity Hotspots for Conservation Priorities’. Nature 403.6772 (2000): 853–858. Web.
Nolan, Connor et al. ‘Past and Future Global Transformation of Terrestrial Ecosystems Under Climate Change’. Science 361.6405 (2018): 920–923. Web.
Ohsawa, M. et al. ‘Altitudinal Zonation of Forest Vegetation on Mount Kerinci, Sumatra: With Comparisons to Zonation in the Temperate Region of East Asia’. Journal of Tropical Ecology 1.3 (1985): 193–216. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/2559239>.
Paine, Robert T. ‘Food Web Complexity and Species Diversity’. The American Naturalist 100.910 (1966): 65–75. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2459379>.
‘Paleo Records as a Guide for Ecosystem Management and Biodiversity Conservation’. 2017. Web. <http://www.pastglobalchanges.org/download/docs/magazine/2017-2/PAGESmagazine_2017%282%29_78-79.pdf>.
Palombo, M. R., and R. Rozzi. ‘Vertebrate Studies | Dwarfing and Gigantism in Quaternary Vertebrates’. Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science. Ed. Scott A. Elias and Cary J. Mock. 2nd Edition. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2013. 733–747. Web.
Palombo, Maria Rita. ‘How Can Endemic Proboscideans Help Us Understand the "Island Rule”? A Case Study of Mediterranean Islands’. Quaternary International 169–170.July (2007): 105–124. Web.
Parmesan, Camille et al. ‘Empirical Perspectives on Species Borders: From Traditional Biogeography to Global Change’. Oikos 108.1 (2005): 58–75. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/3548491>.
Patz, J. A., and S. H. Olson. ‘Climate Change and Health: Global to Local Influences on Disease Risk’. Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology 100.5–6 (2006): 535–549. Print.
Pennington, R. Toby, and Christopher W. Dick. ‘The Role of Immigrants in the Assembly of the South American Rainforest Tree Flora’. Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences 359.1450 (2004): 1611–1622. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/4142305>.
Peres, Carlos A. ‘Structure and Spatial Organization of an Amazonian Terra Firme Forest Primate Community’. Journal of Tropical Ecology 9.3 (1993): 259–276. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/2559524>.
Pimm, Stuart L. et al. ‘The Future of Biodiversity’. Science 269.5222 (1995): 347–350. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2888268>.
Pimm, Stuart L., and Peter Raven. ‘Extinction by Numbers’. Nature 403.6772 (2000): 843–845. Web.
Pol, Martijn van de et al. ‘Oystercatchers’ Bill Shapes as a Proxy for Diet Specialization: More Differentiation Than Meets the Eye’. Ardea 97.3 (2009): 335–347. Web.
Poore, R. Z. ‘Paleoclimate Reconstruction: Pliocene Environments’. Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier, 2007. 1948–1958. Web. <https://www-sciencedirect-com.royalholloway.idm.oclc.org/referencework/9780444536426/encyclopedia-of-quaternary-science>.
Poore, R.Z. ‘Paleoclimate Reconstruction: Pliocene Environments’. Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science (2007): 1948–1958. Web. <https://www.sciencedirect.com/referencework/9780444527479/encyclopedia-of-quaternary-science>.
Primack, Richard B. Essentials of Conservation Biology. 6th Edition. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates, Inc., Publishers, 2014. Print.
Prudic, Kathleen L. ‘Predation on Animals’. Encyclopedia of Life Sciences. Wiley Interscience, 2001. Web.
Putnam, R. J. ‘The Geography of Animal Communities’. Themes in Biogeography. London: Croom Helm, 1984. 163–190. Print.
Quammen, David. The Song of the Dodo: Island Biogeography in an Age of Extinctions. London: Pimlico, 1997. Print.
Quinn, T. M., and B. R. Schöne. ‘Paleoceanography, Biological Proxies | Corals, Sclerosponges and Mollusks’. Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science. Ed. Scott A. Elias and Cary J. Mock. 2nd Edition. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2013. 795–799. Web.
Randerson, J. T. et al. ‘The Impact of Boreal Forest Fire on Climate Warming’. Science 314.5802 (2006): 1130–1132. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/20032836>.
Ratter, J. A., J. F. Ribeiro, and S. Bridgewater. ‘The Brazilian Cerrado Vegetation and Threats to Its Biodiversity’. Annals of Botany 80.3 (1997): 223–230. Web.
Ricklefs, Robert E. ‘Extract’. Ecology. 3rd Edition. New York: Freeman, 1990. 560–580. Print.
Ritz, Markus S. et al. ‘Phylogeography of the Southern Skua Complex—Rapid Colonization of the Southern Hemisphere During a Glacial Period and Reticulate Evolution’. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 49.1 (2008): 292–303. Web.
Roberts, Richard G. et al. ‘New Ages for the Last Australian Megafauna: Continent-Wide Extinction about 46,000 Years Ago’. Science 292.5523 (2001): 1888–1892. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/3083929>.
Rodgers, W. A., C. F. Owen, and K. M. Homewood. ‘Biogeography of East African Forest Mammals’. Journal of Biogeography 9.1 (1982): 41–54. Web.
Rousseau, Denis-Didier, Jean-Jacques Puisségur, and François Lécolle. ‘West-European Terrestrial Molluscs Assemblages of Isotopic Stage 11 (Middle Pleistocene): Climatic Implications’. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 92.1–2 (1992): 15–29. Web.
Russell Coope, G. ‘Insect Faunas Associated with Palaeolithic Industries from Five Sites of Pre-Anglian Age in Central England’. Quaternary Science Reviews 25.15–16 (2006): 1738–1754. Web.
Sahney, Sarda, and Michael J. Benton. ‘Recovery from the Most Profound Mass Extinction of All Time’. Proceedings: Biological Sciences 275.1636 (2008): 759–765. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/25249572>.
Santini, A. et al. ‘Biogeographical Patterns and Determinants of Invasion by Forest Pathogens in Europe’. The New Phytologist 197.1 (2013): 238–250. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/newphytologist.197.1.238>.
Schardl, Christopher L., and Feng Chen. ‘Plant Defences Against Herbivore Attack’. Encyclopedia of Life Sciences. Wiley Interscience, 2010. Web.
Schoener, Thomas W. ‘Resource Partitioning in Ecological Communities’. Science 185.4145 (1974): 27–39. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1738612>.
---. ‘The Anolis Lizards of Bimini: Resource Partitioning in a Complex Fauna’. Ecology 49.4 (1968): 704–726. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1935534>.
Schreve, Danielle C. ‘Differentiation of the British Late Middle Pleistocene Interglacials: The Evidence From Mammalian Biostratigraphy’. Quaternary Science Reviews 20.16–17 (2001): 1693–1705. Web.
Seddon, P. J. et al. ‘Reversing Defaunation: Restoring Species in a Changing World’. Science 345.6195 (2014): 406–412. Web.
Simberloff, Daniel. ‘Species Turnover and Equilibrium Island Biogeography’. Science 194.4265 (1976): 572–278. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/1742997>.
Steadman, David W. ‘Prehistoric Extinctions of Pacific Island Birds: Biodiversity Meets Zooarchaeology’. Science 267.5201 (1995): 1123–1131. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/2886080>.
Stephens, S. L. et al. ‘Managing Forests and Fire in Changing Climates’. Science 342.6154 (2013): 41–42. Web.
Stevens, Martin. ‘Predator Perception and the Interrelation Between Different Forms of Protective Coloration’. Proceedings: Biological Sciences 274.1617 (2007): 1457–1464. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/25223955>.
Stewart, J. R. ‘The Ecology and Adaptation of Neanderthals During the Non-Analogue Environment of Oxygen Isotope Stage 3’. Quaternary International 137.1 (2005): 35–46. Web.
Stork, N. E. ‘The Composition of the Arthropod Fauna of Bornean Lowland Rain Forest Trees’. Journal of Tropical Ecology 7.2 (1991): 161–180. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/2559565>.
Stork, Nigel E. et al. ‘New Approaches Narrow Global Species Estimates for Beetles, Insects, and Terrestrial Arthropods’. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112.24 (2015): 7519–7523. Web.
Stork, Nigel, and Kevin Gaston. ‘Counting Species One by One’. NewScientist (1990): n. pag. Web. <https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg12717294-100-counting-species-one-by-one-biologists-will-never-be-sure-that-they-have-found-and-named-every-last-species-on-earth-but-they-have-a-long-way-to-go-before-they-can-even-start-to-wonder/>.
‘The Burning Issue’. (2010): n. pag. Web. <http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/330/6011/1636.full.pdf?sid=6b0eec35-1f9d-430c-a2b2-97f751525e96>.
Thompson, R. S. ‘Pollen Records, Late Pleistocene | Western North America’. Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science. Ed. Scott A. Elias and Cary J. Mock. 2nd Edition. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2013. 72–83. Web.
Tzedakis, C. ‘Pollen Records, Last Interglacial of Europe’. Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science. Ed. Scott A. Elias and Cary J. Mock. 2nd Edition. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2013. 1–8. Web.
van den Bergh, Gert D., John de Vos, and Paul Y. Sondaar. ‘The Late Quaternary Palaeogeography of Mammal Evolution in the Indonesian Archipelago’. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 171.3–4 (2001): 385–408. Web.
Viereck, L.A. ‘Wildfire in the Taiga of Alaska.’ N.p., n.d. Web. <https://ac.els-cdn.com/0033589473900094/1-s2.0-0033589473900094-main.pdf?_tid=12de7db0-d8a8-419b-bfab-44c70e2123fe&amp;acdnat=1542816441_54ab8d16b990b204d092df40fb9d6384>.
Vucetich, John A., Rolf O. Peterson, and Carrie L. Schaefer. ‘The Effect of Prey and Predator Densities on Wolf Predation’. Ecology 83.11 (2002): 3003–3013. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/3071837>.
Wake, David B., and Kay P. Yanev. ‘Geographic Variation in Allozymes in a “Ring Species,” the Plethodontid Salamander Ensatina Eschscholtzii of Western North America’. Evolution 40.4 (1986): 702–715. Web.
Whitlock, Cathy et al. ‘Land-Use History as a Guide for Forest Conservation and Management’. Conservation Biology 32.1 (2018): 84–97. Web.
Whittaker, Robert J., and Jos Mara Fernandez-Palacios. Island Biogeography: Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation. 2nd Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rhul/detail.action?docID=415455>.
Whittaker, Robert J., and Jose Maria Fernandez-Palacios. Island Biogeography: Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation. 2nd Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007. Print.
Whittaker, Robert J., Kostas A. Triantis, and Richard J. Ladle. ‘A General Dynamic Theory of Oceanic Island Biogeography’. Journal of Biogeography 35.6 (2008): 977–994. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/20143319>.
Wilbur, Henry M., and Volker H. W. Rudolf. ‘Life‐History Evolution in Uncertain Environments: Bet Hedging in Time’. Ed. John M. McNamara and Michael C. Whitlock. The American Naturalist 168.3 (2006): 398–411. Web.
Williams, R. J. et al. ‘Variation in the Composition and Structure of Tropical Savannas as a Function of Rainfall and Soil Texture Along a Large-Scale Climatic Gradient in the Northern Territory, Australia’. Journal of Biogeography 23.6 (1996): 747–756. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/2846001>.
Willis, K. J. et al. ‘Biodiversity Baselines, Thresholds and Resilience: Testing Predictions and Assumptions Using Palaeoecological Data’. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 25.10 (2010): 583–591. Web.
Willis, K. J., and H. J. B. Birks. ‘What Is Natural? The Need for a Long-Term Perspective in Biodiversity Conservation’. Science 314.5803 (2006): 1261–1265. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/20032878>.
Willis, Katherine J., and Karl J. Niklas. ‘The Role of Quaternary Environmental Change in Plant Macroevolution: The Exception or the Rule?’ Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences 359.1442 (2004): 159–172. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/4142169>.
Wilson, John R.U. et al. ‘Something in the Way You Move: Dispersal Pathways Affect Invasion Success’. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 24.3 (2009): 136–144. Web.
Wroe, Stephen, and Judith Field. ‘A Review of the Evidence for a Human Role in the Extinction of Australian Megafauna and an Alternative Interpretation’. Quaternary Science Reviews 25.21–22 (2006): 2692–2703. Web.
Young, Truman P., Cynthia H. Stubblefield, and Lynne A. Isbell. ‘Ants on Swollen-Thorn Acacias: Species Coexistence in a Simple System’. Oecologia 109.1 (1997): 98–107. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/4221497>.
Zachos, James et al. ‘Trends, Rhythms, and Aberrations in Global Climate 65 Ma to Present’. Science 292.5517 (2001): 686–693. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/3083539>.
Zimov, Sergey A., Edward A. G. Schuur, and F. Stuart Chapin. ‘Permafrost and the Global Carbon Budget’. Science 312.5780 (2006): 1612–1613. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/3846485>.